Systems memory consolidation in Drosophila
... DopR occur solely in the g lobe. Though a/b output plays a critical role in retrieval [24,27,29], DA inputs to DopR expressed in g neurons are sufficient to encode memory [15]. These findings are hard to explain with a simple model in which coincidence detection occurs in g lobe followed by intrac ...
... DopR occur solely in the g lobe. Though a/b output plays a critical role in retrieval [24,27,29], DA inputs to DopR expressed in g neurons are sufficient to encode memory [15]. These findings are hard to explain with a simple model in which coincidence detection occurs in g lobe followed by intrac ...
Linköping University Post Print the developmental age of the cells
... developmental stages. Ventral horn neurons (VHN) and dorsal root ganglion neurons (DRG) from rats of different postnatal ages were exposed to glucose-free or glucose-rich culture conditions. Following 24 h at those conditions, the number of protein gene product 9.5 positive (PGP+) DRG neurons and ch ...
... developmental stages. Ventral horn neurons (VHN) and dorsal root ganglion neurons (DRG) from rats of different postnatal ages were exposed to glucose-free or glucose-rich culture conditions. Following 24 h at those conditions, the number of protein gene product 9.5 positive (PGP+) DRG neurons and ch ...
Barnes TD, Kubota Y, Hu D, Jin DZ, Graybiel AM. Activity of striatal
... observe, significant changes in the variability of firing rates within peri-event or phasic-response windows across learning. However, we found major changes in the entropy (Fig. 2e) and in the variance (Supplementary Fig. 6) of spiking activity across the entire maze runs. Changes in spike distribu ...
... observe, significant changes in the variability of firing rates within peri-event or phasic-response windows across learning. However, we found major changes in the entropy (Fig. 2e) and in the variance (Supplementary Fig. 6) of spiking activity across the entire maze runs. Changes in spike distribu ...
Sensory Pathways
... 1. Most often, these two divisions have opposing effects • If the sympathetic division causes excitation, the ...
... 1. Most often, these two divisions have opposing effects • If the sympathetic division causes excitation, the ...
chapt12_lecturenew
... and the external environment, and transmits coded messages to the spinal cord and the brain • brain and spinal cord processes this information, relates it to past experiences, and determine what response is appropriate to the circumstances • brain and spinal cord issue commands to muscles and gland ...
... and the external environment, and transmits coded messages to the spinal cord and the brain • brain and spinal cord processes this information, relates it to past experiences, and determine what response is appropriate to the circumstances • brain and spinal cord issue commands to muscles and gland ...
Parthenogenetic dopamine neurons from primate embryonic stem
... classes of TH+ neurons can be derived from ES cells, including forebrain neurons (Yan et al., 2005) and neural crest derivatives (Lee et al., 2007; Elkabetz et al., 2008). Some of these TH+ neurons produce DA but have different axonal connectivity and physiology from those in the midbrain substantia ...
... classes of TH+ neurons can be derived from ES cells, including forebrain neurons (Yan et al., 2005) and neural crest derivatives (Lee et al., 2007; Elkabetz et al., 2008). Some of these TH+ neurons produce DA but have different axonal connectivity and physiology from those in the midbrain substantia ...
Gain-of-function mutation in Nav 1.7 in familial
... for activation close to resting potential. Increased overlap between activation and steady-state inactivation for F1449V channels also increases the predicted window current. These changes each would be expected to lower the threshold of nociceptive DRG neurons which express mutant channels. Current ...
... for activation close to resting potential. Increased overlap between activation and steady-state inactivation for F1449V channels also increases the predicted window current. These changes each would be expected to lower the threshold of nociceptive DRG neurons which express mutant channels. Current ...
Assisted morphogenesis: glial control of dendrite
... that these same glia-derived axon guidance cues can also act on dendrites [25]. For example, the extracellular matrix (ECM) protein Slit is expressed by specialized midline glia of the Drosophila central nervous system [26,27], and acts to repel axon growth cones that express the Slit receptor Robo ...
... that these same glia-derived axon guidance cues can also act on dendrites [25]. For example, the extracellular matrix (ECM) protein Slit is expressed by specialized midline glia of the Drosophila central nervous system [26,27], and acts to repel axon growth cones that express the Slit receptor Robo ...
(See Page 85) The
... behind the frontal lobes -- important for the sense of touch and for attention to the environment. (See page 96) ...
... behind the frontal lobes -- important for the sense of touch and for attention to the environment. (See page 96) ...
Properties of ventromedial hypothalamic neurons with axons
... Surgery was performed under light urethane anesthesia (1.2 g/ kg body weight, given intraperitoneally in 0.5 g/ml solution). The animal was tracheotomized and put in a stereotaxic frame in a prone position, with the incisor bar put 5 mm above the center of the ear bars. Craniotomy was made in the pa ...
... Surgery was performed under light urethane anesthesia (1.2 g/ kg body weight, given intraperitoneally in 0.5 g/ml solution). The animal was tracheotomized and put in a stereotaxic frame in a prone position, with the incisor bar put 5 mm above the center of the ear bars. Craniotomy was made in the pa ...
Brain Electrical Activity During Waking and Sleep States
... produced activation of the EEG (low voltage fast electrical activity, or LFA), an effect evoked by stimulation of the central core of the brainstem in a region extending upward from the bulbar RF to the mesodiencephalic junction, the dorsal hypothalamus, and the ventral thalamus. In many features t ...
... produced activation of the EEG (low voltage fast electrical activity, or LFA), an effect evoked by stimulation of the central core of the brainstem in a region extending upward from the bulbar RF to the mesodiencephalic junction, the dorsal hypothalamus, and the ventral thalamus. In many features t ...
Solving the Problem of Negative Synaptic Weights in Cortical Models
... Xie, Hahnloser, & Seung, 1996; Conklin & Eliasmith, 2005; Kuo & Eliasmith, 2005). While such networks solve the problems of bottom-up models, they have the converse problem of not being biologically plausible because of the initial simplifying assumptions. One central, and unrealistic, feature of ne ...
... Xie, Hahnloser, & Seung, 1996; Conklin & Eliasmith, 2005; Kuo & Eliasmith, 2005). While such networks solve the problems of bottom-up models, they have the converse problem of not being biologically plausible because of the initial simplifying assumptions. One central, and unrealistic, feature of ne ...
PDF
... A forceful extension of these experiments is to replace the external reinforcer—electric foot shock—with direct manipulations of the brain’s internal valuation systems. If electric foot shock drives olfactory learning through a final common path of dopaminergic inputs to the mushroom bodies, it shou ...
... A forceful extension of these experiments is to replace the external reinforcer—electric foot shock—with direct manipulations of the brain’s internal valuation systems. If electric foot shock drives olfactory learning through a final common path of dopaminergic inputs to the mushroom bodies, it shou ...
Millisecond-Timescale Optical Control of Neural Dynamics in the
... generation of ultraprecise neurological and psychiatric therapeutics via cell-type-specific optical neural control prosthetics. INTRODUCTION The rhesus macaque is an important model species for understanding neural computation, cognition, and behavior, as well as for probing the circuit-level basis ...
... generation of ultraprecise neurological and psychiatric therapeutics via cell-type-specific optical neural control prosthetics. INTRODUCTION The rhesus macaque is an important model species for understanding neural computation, cognition, and behavior, as well as for probing the circuit-level basis ...
Pituitary Gland Functional Connectivity and BMI by Paige Rucker A
... The most obvious connection seen between the pituitary gland and obesity is visible in the physical manifestations of Cushing’s syndrome. In Cushing’s syndrome, the body is subjected to abnormally high levels of circulating glucocorticoids. Most often this high exposure is induced endogenously by pi ...
... The most obvious connection seen between the pituitary gland and obesity is visible in the physical manifestations of Cushing’s syndrome. In Cushing’s syndrome, the body is subjected to abnormally high levels of circulating glucocorticoids. Most often this high exposure is induced endogenously by pi ...
Auris Nasus Larynx 34 (2008) 1-10
... the otolith organs are located ventrally in the central portion of the ganglion (Fig. 5), while the canal ganglion cells are located at the rostral and caudal ends [7]. As the axons from these ganglion cells form the vestibular nerve trunk, those from the canals converge together in the rostral half ...
... the otolith organs are located ventrally in the central portion of the ganglion (Fig. 5), while the canal ganglion cells are located at the rostral and caudal ends [7]. As the axons from these ganglion cells form the vestibular nerve trunk, those from the canals converge together in the rostral half ...
Weight Regulation Activity
... words, why have outputs through both the CRH system and the NPY system? 4. Recently two cousins have been discovered who have a genetic defect similar to the ob/ob mutation in mice. For each of the following proposed treatments, give an expected outcome and reasoning for that outcome. a) Daily injec ...
... words, why have outputs through both the CRH system and the NPY system? 4. Recently two cousins have been discovered who have a genetic defect similar to the ob/ob mutation in mice. For each of the following proposed treatments, give an expected outcome and reasoning for that outcome. a) Daily injec ...
Formation, Maturation, and Disorders of Brain Neocortex
... dominant germinal matrix . The major portion of the cerebral cortex (layers 2 through 6) derive during this stage. These cells migrate in an "inside-out" fashion , with layer 6 cells migrating first and cells of layer 2 migrating last. 4) During the fourth stage, a population of locally multiplying, ...
... dominant germinal matrix . The major portion of the cerebral cortex (layers 2 through 6) derive during this stage. These cells migrate in an "inside-out" fashion , with layer 6 cells migrating first and cells of layer 2 migrating last. 4) During the fourth stage, a population of locally multiplying, ...
Functional Integration of Embryonic Stem Cell
... Regions of interest were microdissected into small fragments (⬃1.5 ⫻ 3 mm) and fixed onto an Epon block with a drop of liquid Epon after incubation at 60°C for ⬎12 hr. Ultrathin sections were prepared on a Leica Ultracut Microtome, stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate (10 min each), and obse ...
... Regions of interest were microdissected into small fragments (⬃1.5 ⫻ 3 mm) and fixed onto an Epon block with a drop of liquid Epon after incubation at 60°C for ⬎12 hr. Ultrathin sections were prepared on a Leica Ultracut Microtome, stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate (10 min each), and obse ...
Functional Connectivity during Surround Suppression in
... uch of the input to a cortical neuron originates from within the cortex, and corticocortical connections are of two main types. Inter-areal connections link distinct cortical areas, either by feedforward or feedback projections, while intra-areal connections involve neurons within the same cortical ...
... uch of the input to a cortical neuron originates from within the cortex, and corticocortical connections are of two main types. Inter-areal connections link distinct cortical areas, either by feedforward or feedback projections, while intra-areal connections involve neurons within the same cortical ...
Cholinergic modulation of synaptic properties of cortical layer VI
... 2002, Granseth 2004). According to this hypothesis, the enhanced facilitation of corticothalamic input induced by acetylcholine (occurring most probably during behavioral arousal and attentive state) could enhance the gain for the stream of peripheral information on its way to the cortex. Our result ...
... 2002, Granseth 2004). According to this hypothesis, the enhanced facilitation of corticothalamic input induced by acetylcholine (occurring most probably during behavioral arousal and attentive state) could enhance the gain for the stream of peripheral information on its way to the cortex. Our result ...
A transcription factor network controls cell migration
... Received 7 October 2015; Accepted 2 June 2016 ...
... Received 7 October 2015; Accepted 2 June 2016 ...
Functional Synaptic Contacts by Intranuclear
... the basis of their location during recording (i.e., within a laminae rather than interlaminar), and this was verified by locating a subpopulation of 14 of these cells after biocytin labeling (Fig. 2). Every one of these cells had morphological characteristics of intralaminar interneurons, including ...
... the basis of their location during recording (i.e., within a laminae rather than interlaminar), and this was verified by locating a subpopulation of 14 of these cells after biocytin labeling (Fig. 2). Every one of these cells had morphological characteristics of intralaminar interneurons, including ...
Resonate-and-fire neurons
... coef®cient, d is the Dirac delta function, and tjp is the nearest moment of ®ring of the j-th neuron. We see that each ®ring produces a pulse that displaces activities of the other neurons by the complex-valued constant cij (we use real cij in our illustrations here; complex cij are also feasible). ...
... coef®cient, d is the Dirac delta function, and tjp is the nearest moment of ®ring of the j-th neuron. We see that each ®ring produces a pulse that displaces activities of the other neurons by the complex-valued constant cij (we use real cij in our illustrations here; complex cij are also feasible). ...