Interplay of environmental signals and progenitor diversity on fate
... excitation and inhibition in local and long-range networks (Buzsáki, 2010). During brain development, cortical circuits are organized in a well-defined topology of interconnected excitatory and inhibitory neurons whose activities generate coherent behavioral outputs. Inhibitory neurons, in particular ...
... excitation and inhibition in local and long-range networks (Buzsáki, 2010). During brain development, cortical circuits are organized in a well-defined topology of interconnected excitatory and inhibitory neurons whose activities generate coherent behavioral outputs. Inhibitory neurons, in particular ...
article in press - Neurobiology of Vocal Communication
... comparisons were made only between the onset time of neuronal activity and that of vocal sound. In all these structures, neurons with pre-vocalization activity were found. Another feature considered to be essential for a vocal pattern generator is its capacity to code the acoustic structure of vocal ...
... comparisons were made only between the onset time of neuronal activity and that of vocal sound. In all these structures, neurons with pre-vocalization activity were found. Another feature considered to be essential for a vocal pattern generator is its capacity to code the acoustic structure of vocal ...
Facial whisker pattern is not sufficient to instruct a
... Ma, 1991, 1993; Ma and Woolsey, 1984; Schlaggar and O’Leary, 1993; Van Der Loos, 1976; Woolsey and Van der Loos, 1970). Distinct facial dermatomes are innervated by the peripheral axonal processes of trigeminal ganglion (TG) primary sensory neurons, whose central axons form the trigeminal nerve (nV) ...
... Ma, 1991, 1993; Ma and Woolsey, 1984; Schlaggar and O’Leary, 1993; Van Der Loos, 1976; Woolsey and Van der Loos, 1970). Distinct facial dermatomes are innervated by the peripheral axonal processes of trigeminal ganglion (TG) primary sensory neurons, whose central axons form the trigeminal nerve (nV) ...
Amo, Neuron, 2014
... by the active avoidance of potentially dangerous environments is often more effective for animal survival than panic behavior alone. A candidate site responsible for active avoidance is the lateral habenula (LHb). In mammals, LHb neurons are phasically activated to negative or aversive emotional eve ...
... by the active avoidance of potentially dangerous environments is often more effective for animal survival than panic behavior alone. A candidate site responsible for active avoidance is the lateral habenula (LHb). In mammals, LHb neurons are phasically activated to negative or aversive emotional eve ...
Genetic dissection of neural circuits underlying sexually dimorphic
... Numerous, novel sex differences in gene expression patterns within the MeA, mPOA, VMH and BNST have been identified [10]. Using genome-wide expression profiling in conjunction with in situ hybridization, we discovered that the regulation of sexually dimorphic gene expression patterns is complex as m ...
... Numerous, novel sex differences in gene expression patterns within the MeA, mPOA, VMH and BNST have been identified [10]. Using genome-wide expression profiling in conjunction with in situ hybridization, we discovered that the regulation of sexually dimorphic gene expression patterns is complex as m ...
Fig. - Development - The Company of Biologists
... Ma, 1991, 1993; Ma and Woolsey, 1984; Schlaggar and O’Leary, 1993; Van Der Loos, 1976; Woolsey and Van der Loos, 1970). Distinct facial dermatomes are innervated by the peripheral axonal processes of trigeminal ganglion (TG) primary sensory neurons, whose central axons form the trigeminal nerve (nV) ...
... Ma, 1991, 1993; Ma and Woolsey, 1984; Schlaggar and O’Leary, 1993; Van Der Loos, 1976; Woolsey and Van der Loos, 1970). Distinct facial dermatomes are innervated by the peripheral axonal processes of trigeminal ganglion (TG) primary sensory neurons, whose central axons form the trigeminal nerve (nV) ...
ELECTRODEPOSITION OF ALLOYS, 1930 TO 1940.1 By Ci
... directed blunt dissection in the retroperitoneal plane after retraction of the paraspinal muscles and diathermy through the oblique and transverse muscle layers. Nerves were maintained in paraffin oil during recording or stimulation. The right tibial nerve was exposed for stimulation of the somatic ...
... directed blunt dissection in the retroperitoneal plane after retraction of the paraspinal muscles and diathermy through the oblique and transverse muscle layers. Nerves were maintained in paraffin oil during recording or stimulation. The right tibial nerve was exposed for stimulation of the somatic ...
MMNeuropharm2011
... processes. In the reward circuit for example, synaptic plasticity may serve as a cellular substrate for goaldirected behaviors. Addictive drugs, through a surge of dopamine released from neurons of the ventral tegmental area, induce widespread synaptic adaptations within this neuronal circuit. Such ...
... processes. In the reward circuit for example, synaptic plasticity may serve as a cellular substrate for goaldirected behaviors. Addictive drugs, through a surge of dopamine released from neurons of the ventral tegmental area, induce widespread synaptic adaptations within this neuronal circuit. Such ...
Joseph and Heberlein 1 Tissue-specific Activation of a
... to Gr66aGAL4; UAS-CD8-GFP flies. Resulting tubulin-FRT-GAL80-FRT/+; UASTeTx/Gr66aGAL4; heat shock-FLP/UAS-CD8-GFP progeny were then heat shocked for one hour 15 minutes at the pupal stage to generate clones. Briefly, heat shock activation of hs-FLP randomly causes FRT sites to recombine GAL80 away f ...
... to Gr66aGAL4; UAS-CD8-GFP flies. Resulting tubulin-FRT-GAL80-FRT/+; UASTeTx/Gr66aGAL4; heat shock-FLP/UAS-CD8-GFP progeny were then heat shocked for one hour 15 minutes at the pupal stage to generate clones. Briefly, heat shock activation of hs-FLP randomly causes FRT sites to recombine GAL80 away f ...
Surround suppression explained by long-range
... coding efficiency8, 9 . This is beneficial because strong correlations across a neuronal population can impair the ability to extract information from their response to sensory stimuli10, 11 . “Sparse coding” of responses to sensory stimuli is therefore a valuable goal for cortex: sparse coding serv ...
... coding efficiency8, 9 . This is beneficial because strong correlations across a neuronal population can impair the ability to extract information from their response to sensory stimuli10, 11 . “Sparse coding” of responses to sensory stimuli is therefore a valuable goal for cortex: sparse coding serv ...
Copyrighted Material
... Following axotomy, there is degeneration of the distal nerve stump, followed by generation of a microenvironment supportive of regeneration. This process proceeds through a sequence of changes involving the distal axon, ensheathing glial cells and the blood nerve barrier. Initially there is a period ...
... Following axotomy, there is degeneration of the distal nerve stump, followed by generation of a microenvironment supportive of regeneration. This process proceeds through a sequence of changes involving the distal axon, ensheathing glial cells and the blood nerve barrier. Initially there is a period ...
An Integrate-and-fire Model of Prefrontal Cortex Neuronal Activity during Performance of Goal-directed
... tation of reward. This task involves the differential generation of Go versus NoGo responses to randomly presented visual cues. Recordings demonstrated that some neurons in the orbitofrontal cortex do indeed fire selectively for the transition from one specific state to another. Schultz et al. (2000) ...
... tation of reward. This task involves the differential generation of Go versus NoGo responses to randomly presented visual cues. Recordings demonstrated that some neurons in the orbitofrontal cortex do indeed fire selectively for the transition from one specific state to another. Schultz et al. (2000) ...
the functional properties of the light
... lobule is a higher order processing area of the visual system, for it is known to receive convergent inputs from both the geniculostriate and the collicular portions of the visual system. The striate and the prestriate areas are believed to project upon the inferior parietal lobule over a multiple-s ...
... lobule is a higher order processing area of the visual system, for it is known to receive convergent inputs from both the geniculostriate and the collicular portions of the visual system. The striate and the prestriate areas are believed to project upon the inferior parietal lobule over a multiple-s ...
Report - Ben Hayden
... monkey N and 26 in monkey B; data from 42 of these was analyzed in McCoy and Platt [2005]). Figure 2A shows the response of a single neuron on trials in which the monkey chose the risky option and received a large reward (dark gray line) or the small reward (black line). Responses are aligned to rew ...
... monkey N and 26 in monkey B; data from 42 of these was analyzed in McCoy and Platt [2005]). Figure 2A shows the response of a single neuron on trials in which the monkey chose the risky option and received a large reward (dark gray line) or the small reward (black line). Responses are aligned to rew ...
Reinforcement Learning and the Basal Ganglia
... striatum inhibits the output structures of the basal ganglia, the SNr and the GPi (the entopeduncular nucleus in rodents). Although these two structures are separated by the fibres of the cerebral pedunculus in most mammals, they contain cytologically similar neurons, and are thus commonly regarded ...
... striatum inhibits the output structures of the basal ganglia, the SNr and the GPi (the entopeduncular nucleus in rodents). Although these two structures are separated by the fibres of the cerebral pedunculus in most mammals, they contain cytologically similar neurons, and are thus commonly regarded ...
Author`s personal copy - University of Queensland
... selective forces of the ‘‘small branch niche’’ (Martin, 1986). It is important to note that the vast majority of the nuclei of the systems under investigation here do not play any direct role in the neural processes related to flight, vision or echolocation and as such the findings cannot be ignored o ...
... selective forces of the ‘‘small branch niche’’ (Martin, 1986). It is important to note that the vast majority of the nuclei of the systems under investigation here do not play any direct role in the neural processes related to flight, vision or echolocation and as such the findings cannot be ignored o ...
PDF+Links
... brain. However, there is in fact no substantial evidence that neuronal loss appears on a large scale as a universal effect throughout the whole brain. It is estimated that, in the cortex, very few neurons become lost with age (Cragg 1975; Pakkenberg & Gundensen, 1997; Peters et al., 1998), and that ...
... brain. However, there is in fact no substantial evidence that neuronal loss appears on a large scale as a universal effect throughout the whole brain. It is estimated that, in the cortex, very few neurons become lost with age (Cragg 1975; Pakkenberg & Gundensen, 1997; Peters et al., 1998), and that ...
Development and organization of glial cells in the peripheral
... stained nuclei are present between the TSM and the L1-L3 junction. On L3, most stained nuclei are located proximal to the ACV. Stain was also observed in neuronal nuclei, for example see filled arrowhead in A and compare with ACV anti-HRP staining in (B,C). Neuronal and glial staining can easily be ...
... stained nuclei are present between the TSM and the L1-L3 junction. On L3, most stained nuclei are located proximal to the ACV. Stain was also observed in neuronal nuclei, for example see filled arrowhead in A and compare with ACV anti-HRP staining in (B,C). Neuronal and glial staining can easily be ...
PDF
... ProNGF does not affect the survival of SCG and trigeminal neurons supported by mNGF We began characterising the effects of proNGF on developing SCG and trigeminal neurons by studying the effects of cleavage-resistant murine proNGF on the survival of these neurons cultured at low density at stages th ...
... ProNGF does not affect the survival of SCG and trigeminal neurons supported by mNGF We began characterising the effects of proNGF on developing SCG and trigeminal neurons by studying the effects of cleavage-resistant murine proNGF on the survival of these neurons cultured at low density at stages th ...
as Adobe PDF - Edinburgh Research Explorer
... as projecting to the posterior pituitary but which did not participate in this bursting activity could ...
... as projecting to the posterior pituitary but which did not participate in this bursting activity could ...
Development of the brain stem in the rat. V. Thymidine‐radiographic
... days was determined quantitatively in 18 regions of the midbrain tegmentum. The neurons of the oculomotor and trochlear nuclei are generated concurrently on days E l 2 and E13. There was a mirror image cytogenetic gradient in these nuclei and this was interpreted as the dispersal of neurons derived ...
... days was determined quantitatively in 18 regions of the midbrain tegmentum. The neurons of the oculomotor and trochlear nuclei are generated concurrently on days E l 2 and E13. There was a mirror image cytogenetic gradient in these nuclei and this was interpreted as the dispersal of neurons derived ...
Full-Text PDF
... vibration-sensitive bristles along the wing margin that can detect wingbeat vibration, and these bristles have unique responsiveness to airborne vibration with restricted frequencies. On the base of the wings there are proprioceptors (i.e., stretch receptor) to monitor wing movements during wingbeat ...
... vibration-sensitive bristles along the wing margin that can detect wingbeat vibration, and these bristles have unique responsiveness to airborne vibration with restricted frequencies. On the base of the wings there are proprioceptors (i.e., stretch receptor) to monitor wing movements during wingbeat ...
Nerves and how they work File
... Communication between neurons and between neurons and target tissue • Neurons do not directly touch one another • Neither to their directly touch their target tissue i.e. a muscle cell or glandular tissue • There is a minute gap called the …………………? • The action potential does not jump across the ga ...
... Communication between neurons and between neurons and target tissue • Neurons do not directly touch one another • Neither to their directly touch their target tissue i.e. a muscle cell or glandular tissue • There is a minute gap called the …………………? • The action potential does not jump across the ga ...
Encoding of conditioned fear in central amygdala inhibitory circuits
... Indeed, spontaneous activity of CEm output neurons was markedly decreased after fear conditioning (Fig. 4a). Conversely, CEloff neurons exhibited increased spontaneous activity after fear conditioning, whereas on average CElon neurons showed a slight decrease (Fig. 4a). Phasic z-scored CS-evoked neu ...
... Indeed, spontaneous activity of CEm output neurons was markedly decreased after fear conditioning (Fig. 4a). Conversely, CEloff neurons exhibited increased spontaneous activity after fear conditioning, whereas on average CElon neurons showed a slight decrease (Fig. 4a). Phasic z-scored CS-evoked neu ...
Mesodermal and neuronal retinoids regulate the induction and
... are tightly regulated. Retinoic acid (RA) is necessary for specifying the fates of forelimb-innervating motor neurons of the Lateral Motor Column (LMC), and the specification of LMC neurons into medial and lateral subtypes. Previous studies implicate motor neurons as the relevant source of RA for sp ...
... are tightly regulated. Retinoic acid (RA) is necessary for specifying the fates of forelimb-innervating motor neurons of the Lateral Motor Column (LMC), and the specification of LMC neurons into medial and lateral subtypes. Previous studies implicate motor neurons as the relevant source of RA for sp ...