Transgenic Mouse Lines Subdivide Medial Vestibular Nucleus
... The identification of neuron types within circuits is fundamental to understanding their relevance to behavior. In the vestibular nuclei, several classes of neurons have been defined in vivo on the basis of their activity during behavior, but it is unclear how those types correspond to neurons ident ...
... The identification of neuron types within circuits is fundamental to understanding their relevance to behavior. In the vestibular nuclei, several classes of neurons have been defined in vivo on the basis of their activity during behavior, but it is unclear how those types correspond to neurons ident ...
Lecture 2: The Spinal Cord
... 1. Three parts: midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata (from superior to inferior) 2. Position: spinal cord---diencephalon--cerebellum ...
... 1. Three parts: midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata (from superior to inferior) 2. Position: spinal cord---diencephalon--cerebellum ...
Auditory Cortical Neurons are Sensitive to Static and Continuously
... were presented dichotically. The resulting IPD-sensitivity curves, which plot the number of dischargesevoked by the binaural signal as a function of IPD, were deeply modulated circular functions. IPD functions were analyzed for their mean vector length (r>and mean interaural phase (0). Phase sensiti ...
... were presented dichotically. The resulting IPD-sensitivity curves, which plot the number of dischargesevoked by the binaural signal as a function of IPD, were deeply modulated circular functions. IPD functions were analyzed for their mean vector length (r>and mean interaural phase (0). Phase sensiti ...
The polyvagal theory: phylogenetic substrates of a
... homeostasis. These reactions change physiological state and, in mammals, limit sensory awareness, motor behaviors, and cognitive potentials. We can intuitively grasp the limitations of behavior when described in terms such as dexterity, speed and strength. However, we have difficulties when the limi ...
... homeostasis. These reactions change physiological state and, in mammals, limit sensory awareness, motor behaviors, and cognitive potentials. We can intuitively grasp the limitations of behavior when described in terms such as dexterity, speed and strength. However, we have difficulties when the limi ...
Production of nerve growth factor by
... degenerating neurons in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). It has been previously shown that b-amyloid peptide induces inflammatory-like responses in astrocytes, leading to neuronal pathology. Reactive astrocytes up-regulate nerve growth factor (NGF), which can modulate neuronal survival by signaling through ...
... degenerating neurons in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). It has been previously shown that b-amyloid peptide induces inflammatory-like responses in astrocytes, leading to neuronal pathology. Reactive astrocytes up-regulate nerve growth factor (NGF), which can modulate neuronal survival by signaling through ...
The polyvagal theory: phylogenetic substrates of
... homeostasis. These reactions change physiological state and, in mammals, limit sensory awareness, motor behaviors, and cognitive potentials. We can intuitively grasp the limitations of behavior when described in terms such as dexterity, speed and strength. However, we have difficulties when the limi ...
... homeostasis. These reactions change physiological state and, in mammals, limit sensory awareness, motor behaviors, and cognitive potentials. We can intuitively grasp the limitations of behavior when described in terms such as dexterity, speed and strength. However, we have difficulties when the limi ...
Extra-Classical Tuning Predicts Stimulus
... Simulation experiments further demonstrate that stimulus-dependent receptive fields can arise from extra-classical tuning with a static spike threshold nonlinearity. These findings demonstrate that a common neuronal nonlinearity can account for the stimulus dependence of receptive fields estimated f ...
... Simulation experiments further demonstrate that stimulus-dependent receptive fields can arise from extra-classical tuning with a static spike threshold nonlinearity. These findings demonstrate that a common neuronal nonlinearity can account for the stimulus dependence of receptive fields estimated f ...
Full version (PDF file)
... Fig. 4. PPR was increased by muscarine. (A) paired-pulse facilitation was induced by paired-pulse stimulation at different IPIs. V-PPR (black, n=13) and D-PPR (gray, n=21) were decreased along with the increase of IPIs. D-PPR was greater than V-PPR. * p<0.05 compared with 50 ms (paired t test). # p< ...
... Fig. 4. PPR was increased by muscarine. (A) paired-pulse facilitation was induced by paired-pulse stimulation at different IPIs. V-PPR (black, n=13) and D-PPR (gray, n=21) were decreased along with the increase of IPIs. D-PPR was greater than V-PPR. * p<0.05 compared with 50 ms (paired t test). # p< ...
Introduction
... event which is required for cytochrome c release in response to DNA damage in sympathetic neurons14, we anticipated that p53 deficient neurons might be resistant to apoptosis at multiple points in the apoptotic pathway. Consistent with this known premitochondrial function of p53 in neurons, while t ...
... event which is required for cytochrome c release in response to DNA damage in sympathetic neurons14, we anticipated that p53 deficient neurons might be resistant to apoptosis at multiple points in the apoptotic pathway. Consistent with this known premitochondrial function of p53 in neurons, while t ...
autonomic accessory ganglia in nerves reaching organs of the
... their branches running to the urogenital organs of sheep there were concentrations of nerve cells forming ganglia which, due to the area of their occurrence and to differentiate them from the main autonomic ganglia of the abdominal and pelvic cavities, were termed the AAG. There were concentrations ...
... their branches running to the urogenital organs of sheep there were concentrations of nerve cells forming ganglia which, due to the area of their occurrence and to differentiate them from the main autonomic ganglia of the abdominal and pelvic cavities, were termed the AAG. There were concentrations ...
Electrical Synapses in the Thalamic Reticular Nucleus
... mice and rats were similar to previous descriptions (Steriade et al., 1997). The input resistance of the TRN neurons in rats was 166 ⫾ 54 M⍀ (all reported data are means ⫾ SD), and the time constant was 13.1 ⫾ 3.7 msec (n ⫽ 45). The properties of the mouse cells are reported below. Cell pairs were s ...
... mice and rats were similar to previous descriptions (Steriade et al., 1997). The input resistance of the TRN neurons in rats was 166 ⫾ 54 M⍀ (all reported data are means ⫾ SD), and the time constant was 13.1 ⫾ 3.7 msec (n ⫽ 45). The properties of the mouse cells are reported below. Cell pairs were s ...
Wang et al 2photon calcium imaging of odor in fly brain cell 2003
... antennal nerve. Since single unit recording of sensory neurons in the fly reveals a monotonic response to odors (de Bruyne et al., 2001), it is likely that these short electrical pulses will generate only a single action potential in each axon. We monitored the change in fluorescent intensity ($F/F) ...
... antennal nerve. Since single unit recording of sensory neurons in the fly reveals a monotonic response to odors (de Bruyne et al., 2001), it is likely that these short electrical pulses will generate only a single action potential in each axon. We monitored the change in fluorescent intensity ($F/F) ...
Infection Merozoite Surface Protein 1 During Malaria 19
... Okano, 1997). Eight chordotonal organs arise in each abdominal hemisegment. At a lateral position five associated scolopodia constitute a prominent compound structure, the pentascolopodial organ (lch5). In contrast, the corresponding organ in the thoracic segments consists of only three scolopodia ( ...
... Okano, 1997). Eight chordotonal organs arise in each abdominal hemisegment. At a lateral position five associated scolopodia constitute a prominent compound structure, the pentascolopodial organ (lch5). In contrast, the corresponding organ in the thoracic segments consists of only three scolopodia ( ...
Attractor concretion as a mechanism for the formation of context
... of the predicted US. The CS–US associations are learned by biasing the competition between the positive and the negative state. In particular, the competition bias is learned by modifying the synaptic connections from the neurons that represent each CS and the positive and negative value coding neur ...
... of the predicted US. The CS–US associations are learned by biasing the competition between the positive and the negative state. In particular, the competition bias is learned by modifying the synaptic connections from the neurons that represent each CS and the positive and negative value coding neur ...
1 - Libreria Universo
... Local Mechanisms of Erection As previously mentioned, partial contraction of trabecular, arterial, and arteriolar smooth muscle and subsequent limitation of blood flow is essential for maintaining penile flaccidity. Sympathetic adrenergic signaling and the activity of substances derived from vascula ...
... Local Mechanisms of Erection As previously mentioned, partial contraction of trabecular, arterial, and arteriolar smooth muscle and subsequent limitation of blood flow is essential for maintaining penile flaccidity. Sympathetic adrenergic signaling and the activity of substances derived from vascula ...
CNS Distribution of Members of the Two-Pore
... anesthetic and neuroprotective compounds. Moreover, these channels are subject to regulation by changes in biologically important physicochemical parameters, including variations in temperature, intracellular/extracellular pH, oxygen tension, and changes in osmolarity and/or membrane stretch (for re ...
... anesthetic and neuroprotective compounds. Moreover, these channels are subject to regulation by changes in biologically important physicochemical parameters, including variations in temperature, intracellular/extracellular pH, oxygen tension, and changes in osmolarity and/or membrane stretch (for re ...
Rules Ventral Prefrontal Cortical Axons Use to Reach Their Targets
... differences in the trajectories of fibers from different vPFC areas. Overall, the medial/lateral vPFC position dictates the route that fibers take to enter major WM tracts, as well as the position within specific tracts: axons from medial vPFC regions travel ventral to those from more lateral areas. ...
... differences in the trajectories of fibers from different vPFC areas. Overall, the medial/lateral vPFC position dictates the route that fibers take to enter major WM tracts, as well as the position within specific tracts: axons from medial vPFC regions travel ventral to those from more lateral areas. ...
Supraspinal control of ejaculation
... Percentage of galanin cells that were Fos-ir after Home Cage, Anestrous Female, Mounts, M+I, 1 Ejac., 2 Ejacs ...
... Percentage of galanin cells that were Fos-ir after Home Cage, Anestrous Female, Mounts, M+I, 1 Ejac., 2 Ejacs ...
Full version (PDF file)
... N-acetylcysteine, decreased blood pressure and heart rate and improved the chronotropic response to isoproterenol, in association with the inhibition of sympathetic activity (Girouard et al. 2003). In young healthy men, melatonin reduced pulsatile index and systolic blood pressure along with norepin ...
... N-acetylcysteine, decreased blood pressure and heart rate and improved the chronotropic response to isoproterenol, in association with the inhibition of sympathetic activity (Girouard et al. 2003). In young healthy men, melatonin reduced pulsatile index and systolic blood pressure along with norepin ...
Pontine respiratory activity involved in inspiratory/expiratory phase
... activity in cats using multi-electrode arrays and computational modelling supported this view (Dick et al. 2008; Rybak et al. 2008; Segers et al. 2008). These studies showed that the numbers of phasic respiratory activities in mPB and KF significantly increased after vagotomy or absence of lung infl ...
... activity in cats using multi-electrode arrays and computational modelling supported this view (Dick et al. 2008; Rybak et al. 2008; Segers et al. 2008). These studies showed that the numbers of phasic respiratory activities in mPB and KF significantly increased after vagotomy or absence of lung infl ...
SENSE AND THE SINGLE NEURON: Probing the Physiology of
... article, we particularly stress the search for neurons with perceptually relevant signals, especially within the cerebral cortex. There are two components of the strategy that are critical. The first is the formulation of a clearly defined perceptual task at the behavioral level. This is essential i ...
... article, we particularly stress the search for neurons with perceptually relevant signals, especially within the cerebral cortex. There are two components of the strategy that are critical. The first is the formulation of a clearly defined perceptual task at the behavioral level. This is essential i ...
Dopaminergic Transmission and Wake
... Several groups of dopamine neurons are located in the hypothalamus (A11–A15) but little is known about them with regards to control of the sleep-wake cycle. One study suggested increased activity of the A11 cell group during REM sleep deprivation suggesting they are wake-active (Leger et al. 2010). ...
... Several groups of dopamine neurons are located in the hypothalamus (A11–A15) but little is known about them with regards to control of the sleep-wake cycle. One study suggested increased activity of the A11 cell group during REM sleep deprivation suggesting they are wake-active (Leger et al. 2010). ...
The beginning of connectomics: a commentary on White
... system, Brenner felt he needed to find a suitable experimental organism. Among current models, one popular, well-studied choice, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, had good genetics and interesting behaviour but seemed too complex as its nervous system contained some 100 000 neurons. Others, suc ...
... system, Brenner felt he needed to find a suitable experimental organism. Among current models, one popular, well-studied choice, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, had good genetics and interesting behaviour but seemed too complex as its nervous system contained some 100 000 neurons. Others, suc ...
The Neural Architecture Underlying Habit Learning: An Evolving
... When I began to study the brain, as a student in the late 1960's, there was enormous excitement about work on the neocortex. Surely this was the organ of thought and creativity, the organ underlying our ability to see and hear and feel, our ability to act deliberatively, to do mathematics. And, buil ...
... When I began to study the brain, as a student in the late 1960's, there was enormous excitement about work on the neocortex. Surely this was the organ of thought and creativity, the organ underlying our ability to see and hear and feel, our ability to act deliberatively, to do mathematics. And, buil ...
Fast Propagation of Firing Rates through Layered Networks of Noisy
... statistics), averaging times of tens of milliseconds are required to read out rate-coded signals (Gautrais and Thorpe, 1998). On the other hand, it is known that neural computation can be very fast. For instance, humans can categorize complex visual scenes in as little as 150 msec (Thorpe et al., 19 ...
... statistics), averaging times of tens of milliseconds are required to read out rate-coded signals (Gautrais and Thorpe, 1998). On the other hand, it is known that neural computation can be very fast. For instance, humans can categorize complex visual scenes in as little as 150 msec (Thorpe et al., 19 ...