Mechanisms of Plasticity of Inhibition in Chronic Pain Conditions
... processes. In other cases however, it is beneficial to reduce the pain felt, as a protective adaptation. For example, lowering pain in a wounded animal fleeing from a predator might increase the possibility of escape. These examples are indicative of the effect of the surrounding conditions on the i ...
... processes. In other cases however, it is beneficial to reduce the pain felt, as a protective adaptation. For example, lowering pain in a wounded animal fleeing from a predator might increase the possibility of escape. These examples are indicative of the effect of the surrounding conditions on the i ...
Morphology, Deep cerebellar nuclei, C. gambianus
... popularized attempts to domesticate and breed wild rodents such as African giant pouched rat (AGR) in African sub region (National Research Council [1]. The AGR has almost the same capacity to produce animal protein comparable to those produce by rabbits in tropical countries [2]. The basic biology, ...
... popularized attempts to domesticate and breed wild rodents such as African giant pouched rat (AGR) in African sub region (National Research Council [1]. The AGR has almost the same capacity to produce animal protein comparable to those produce by rabbits in tropical countries [2]. The basic biology, ...
Self-referential forces are sufficient to explain different dendritic
... growth rate. In addition, because segments are straight, we found that certain neurons whose tortuosity decreases or increases with distance from the soma can also be approximated by specifying a non-uniform growth rate under constant influence from our three forces applied to segments of increasing ...
... growth rate. In addition, because segments are straight, we found that certain neurons whose tortuosity decreases or increases with distance from the soma can also be approximated by specifying a non-uniform growth rate under constant influence from our three forces applied to segments of increasing ...
Peripheral and Central Mechanisms of Pain Generation
... situations that evoke pain. Pain during disease is different from “normal” pain. It occurs in the absence of external noxious stimuli, during mild stimulation or in an unpredictable way. Types of pain have been classified according to their pathogenesis, and pain research intends to define their neuro ...
... situations that evoke pain. Pain during disease is different from “normal” pain. It occurs in the absence of external noxious stimuli, during mild stimulation or in an unpredictable way. Types of pain have been classified according to their pathogenesis, and pain research intends to define their neuro ...
Uygar Sümbül - Department of Statistics
... Single-unit and array recordings are obtained from the primate motor cortex during episodic reaching tasks. Dynamical system models are devised to predict the cortical activity and relate it to observed behavior. • Comparing neuronal arbors in entirety (with Prof. Sebastian Seung and Prof. Hermann C ...
... Single-unit and array recordings are obtained from the primate motor cortex during episodic reaching tasks. Dynamical system models are devised to predict the cortical activity and relate it to observed behavior. • Comparing neuronal arbors in entirety (with Prof. Sebastian Seung and Prof. Hermann C ...
Lecture notes Neural Computation
... and speech processing. Damage in these areas can lead to specific deficits in object recognition or language. More on top there are areas involved with somato-sensory input, motor planning, and motor output. 3) The frontal part is the “highest” area. The frontal area is important for short term or w ...
... and speech processing. Damage in these areas can lead to specific deficits in object recognition or language. More on top there are areas involved with somato-sensory input, motor planning, and motor output. 3) The frontal part is the “highest” area. The frontal area is important for short term or w ...
The Features and Functions of Neuronal Assemblies: Possible
... wide range of brain functions can now be better understood by reference to assemblies (von Stein and Sarnthein, 2000; Buzsaki and Draguhn, 2004), from visual processing (Vucinic and Sejnowski, 2007; Greenberg et al., 2008; Miller et al., 2014) to impact of depth of anesthesia on evoked sensory respo ...
... wide range of brain functions can now be better understood by reference to assemblies (von Stein and Sarnthein, 2000; Buzsaki and Draguhn, 2004), from visual processing (Vucinic and Sejnowski, 2007; Greenberg et al., 2008; Miller et al., 2014) to impact of depth of anesthesia on evoked sensory respo ...
A Brain Adaptation View of Plasticity: Is Synaptic Plasticity An Overly
... wild animals have for years confirmed that feral animal brains are larger than those of domestically reared animals (old german and other literature). Nevertheless, studying different degrees of environmental complexity can provide information about brain responses that are likely to generalize to h ...
... wild animals have for years confirmed that feral animal brains are larger than those of domestically reared animals (old german and other literature). Nevertheless, studying different degrees of environmental complexity can provide information about brain responses that are likely to generalize to h ...
The Neuropathology of Huntington`s Disease
... outlook to future studies in human HD neuroanatomy. A HD brain may be about 20–30 % less than a control brain in weight although this will be variable depending on the severity of the disease (Vonsattel and DiFiglia 1998). Major pathology occurs most prominently in the neostriatum which includes the ...
... outlook to future studies in human HD neuroanatomy. A HD brain may be about 20–30 % less than a control brain in weight although this will be variable depending on the severity of the disease (Vonsattel and DiFiglia 1998). Major pathology occurs most prominently in the neostriatum which includes the ...
Behavioral dopamine signals
... the uncertainty associated with rewards. Aversive events produce different, mostly slower, electrophysiological dopamine responses that consist predominantly of depressions. Additionally, more modest dopamine concentration fluctuations, related to punishment and movement, are seen at 200–18 000 time ...
... the uncertainty associated with rewards. Aversive events produce different, mostly slower, electrophysiological dopamine responses that consist predominantly of depressions. Additionally, more modest dopamine concentration fluctuations, related to punishment and movement, are seen at 200–18 000 time ...
Optimal Sizes of Dendritic and Axonal Arbors
... is scarce. At the same time neuroanatomists possess much data on cellular morphology and have powerful techniques to image neuronal shapes. This suggests using morphological data to infer inter-neuronal connections. Such inference must rely on rules which relate shapes of neurons to their connectivi ...
... is scarce. At the same time neuroanatomists possess much data on cellular morphology and have powerful techniques to image neuronal shapes. This suggests using morphological data to infer inter-neuronal connections. Such inference must rely on rules which relate shapes of neurons to their connectivi ...
Segregated cholinergic transmission in the ventral tegmental area
... Dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) receive cholinergic innervation from brainstem structures associated with either movement or reward. While cholinergic neurons of the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) carry an associative/motor signal, those of the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus (LD ...
... Dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) receive cholinergic innervation from brainstem structures associated with either movement or reward. While cholinergic neurons of the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) carry an associative/motor signal, those of the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus (LD ...
c-Jun Expression in Adult Rat Dorsal Root
... influences may lead to different cell body responses to axotomy. For example, the differences in the CNS and PNS targets will determine which soluble factors are retrogradely transported to the cell body (3, 66). Retrograde transport of trophic factors from target neurons or glia is necessary to sup ...
... influences may lead to different cell body responses to axotomy. For example, the differences in the CNS and PNS targets will determine which soluble factors are retrogradely transported to the cell body (3, 66). Retrograde transport of trophic factors from target neurons or glia is necessary to sup ...
Oculomotor_2004
... • For smooth pursuit and the VOR the major signal is the velocity signal, which comes from the contralateral medial vestibular nucleus. • The neural integrator in the medial vestibular nucleus and nucleus prepositus hypoglossi converts the velocity signal into a position signal which holds eye posit ...
... • For smooth pursuit and the VOR the major signal is the velocity signal, which comes from the contralateral medial vestibular nucleus. • The neural integrator in the medial vestibular nucleus and nucleus prepositus hypoglossi converts the velocity signal into a position signal which holds eye posit ...
Motor Resonance Meets Motor Performance - Unitn
... premotor areas were present anterior to Brodmann‘s area 4 and that Brodmann‘s area 6 portion of the cortex is not functionally segregated from area 4 but it constitutes a unique complex in which proximal and axial movements are represented. A separate representation of body movements would be found, ...
... premotor areas were present anterior to Brodmann‘s area 4 and that Brodmann‘s area 6 portion of the cortex is not functionally segregated from area 4 but it constitutes a unique complex in which proximal and axial movements are represented. A separate representation of body movements would be found, ...
Patient Machine Interface for the Control of Mechanical Ventilation
... within the nucleus ambiguous placed within the ventral respiratory group that coordinate pharyngeal, laryngeal and bronchial muscles to control airway resistance/airflow. These spinal and cranial motor activities have to be precisely coordinated to ensure efficient ventilation. While brainstem cente ...
... within the nucleus ambiguous placed within the ventral respiratory group that coordinate pharyngeal, laryngeal and bronchial muscles to control airway resistance/airflow. These spinal and cranial motor activities have to be precisely coordinated to ensure efficient ventilation. While brainstem cente ...
Extracellular Matrix Molecules and Cell Adhesion Molecules Induce
... HA1004 on CG neurons grown on N-cadherin or L1 substrates. For both CAMs, HA1004 tended to increase the percentage of neurons with neurites, but not to the same extent as H7. These results suggest that inhibition, both of protein kinase C and of cyclic nucleotide-dependent kinases, can augment proce ...
... HA1004 on CG neurons grown on N-cadherin or L1 substrates. For both CAMs, HA1004 tended to increase the percentage of neurons with neurites, but not to the same extent as H7. These results suggest that inhibition, both of protein kinase C and of cyclic nucleotide-dependent kinases, can augment proce ...
Autonomic Nervous System
... “white ramus” •Synapse with postganglionic neurons may occur at that or higher/lower spinal levels •Most postganglionic neurons rejoin the spinal nerve via the “gray ramus” to cutaneous, vascular & muscle targets in the trunk & limbs •Preganglionic axons to intra-abdominal structures go through para ...
... “white ramus” •Synapse with postganglionic neurons may occur at that or higher/lower spinal levels •Most postganglionic neurons rejoin the spinal nerve via the “gray ramus” to cutaneous, vascular & muscle targets in the trunk & limbs •Preganglionic axons to intra-abdominal structures go through para ...
Nogo Receptor mRNA Expression in Intact and Regenerating CNS
... predominantly expressed by oligodendrocytes, capable of causing the collapse of growth cones with which it comes into contact (Schwab, 1990). Growth cone collapse is assumed to be the result of the binding of Nogo to its receptor on the surface of axons (Fournier et al., 2001). NgR expression by cer ...
... predominantly expressed by oligodendrocytes, capable of causing the collapse of growth cones with which it comes into contact (Schwab, 1990). Growth cone collapse is assumed to be the result of the binding of Nogo to its receptor on the surface of axons (Fournier et al., 2001). NgR expression by cer ...
The role of neuronal signaling in controlling cerebral blood flow
... mechanisms are far more complex and indirect than simple diVusion to vascular targets. 2.1.1. Glutamate There is substantial evidence from studies of cerebellum, hippocampus and neocortex that glutamate inXuences blood Xow. In cerebellar cortex, the Purkinje cells, which are the only cerebellar outp ...
... mechanisms are far more complex and indirect than simple diVusion to vascular targets. 2.1.1. Glutamate There is substantial evidence from studies of cerebellum, hippocampus and neocortex that glutamate inXuences blood Xow. In cerebellar cortex, the Purkinje cells, which are the only cerebellar outp ...
adult rat spinal cord culture on an organosilane surface in
... No staining for a-FGF was observed for nonneuronal cells (Eckenstein et al., 1994). We believe that a-FGF leaking from an injured motoneuron may be involved in initiating repair responses in the motoneuron in an autocrine manner, as previously proposed by Eckenstein et al. (1994). Motoneuron surviva ...
... No staining for a-FGF was observed for nonneuronal cells (Eckenstein et al., 1994). We believe that a-FGF leaking from an injured motoneuron may be involved in initiating repair responses in the motoneuron in an autocrine manner, as previously proposed by Eckenstein et al. (1994). Motoneuron surviva ...
Striatal Plasticity and Basal Ganglia Circuit Function
... Some studies have also suggested a role for dopamine D1 receptors, nitric oxide release from interneurons, and DARPP-32 (Calabresi et al., 1999, 2000), although it is unclear how these signaling molecules relate to endocannabinoid signaling and presynaptic inhibition of neurotransmitter release. One ...
... Some studies have also suggested a role for dopamine D1 receptors, nitric oxide release from interneurons, and DARPP-32 (Calabresi et al., 1999, 2000), although it is unclear how these signaling molecules relate to endocannabinoid signaling and presynaptic inhibition of neurotransmitter release. One ...
Sliding
... F= depends on previous activity: The threshold for LTP decreases when postsynaptic activity is low ...
... F= depends on previous activity: The threshold for LTP decreases when postsynaptic activity is low ...
Sensory Afferent Neurotransmission in Caudal Nucleus Tractus
... (Andresen and Kunze, 1994). Short periods of conditioning at hyperpolarized membrane potentials greatly dampens the response to subsequent activation for prolonged intervals and produces the signature DE response prominently featured in most portions of NTS (Yang and Andresen, 1992; Schild et ai, 19 ...
... (Andresen and Kunze, 1994). Short periods of conditioning at hyperpolarized membrane potentials greatly dampens the response to subsequent activation for prolonged intervals and produces the signature DE response prominently featured in most portions of NTS (Yang and Andresen, 1992; Schild et ai, 19 ...
Hindbrain noradrenergic A2 neurons: diverse roles in autonomic
... medullary, pontine, diencephalic, and telencephalic brain regions that underlie these diverse processes. Direct projections from the cortex, limbic forebrain, and hypothalamus to the region of the A2 cell group provide a route through which emotional and cognitive events can modulate visceral respon ...
... medullary, pontine, diencephalic, and telencephalic brain regions that underlie these diverse processes. Direct projections from the cortex, limbic forebrain, and hypothalamus to the region of the A2 cell group provide a route through which emotional and cognitive events can modulate visceral respon ...