The Preoptic Nucleus in Fishes: A Comparative Discussion of
... strated that PN cells can be activated by wide regions of the telencephalon (Hal\ow\tzet al., 1971). Unfortunately the units recorded were not identified as being en- • docrine neurons by antidromic activation by pituitary stimulation. However, the input from wide regions of the telencephalon does i ...
... strated that PN cells can be activated by wide regions of the telencephalon (Hal\ow\tzet al., 1971). Unfortunately the units recorded were not identified as being en- • docrine neurons by antidromic activation by pituitary stimulation. However, the input from wide regions of the telencephalon does i ...
1From neuronal activity to scalp potential fields - Assets
... and sources in the different cortical layers20 . This is due to the fact that the scalp potentials represent only the open field dipolar component of the complex multipolar current generators within the different cortical layers23 . It has already been mentioned above that the scalp EEG reflects not ...
... and sources in the different cortical layers20 . This is due to the fact that the scalp potentials represent only the open field dipolar component of the complex multipolar current generators within the different cortical layers23 . It has already been mentioned above that the scalp EEG reflects not ...
A Possible Role for Cholinergic Neurons of the Basal Forebrain and
... imagery, or abstract concepts (see Baars, 1988, for further description). Higher consciousness is also defined here by its chief characteristics. A dominant feature of higher consciousness is that many features are unified into a gestalt, or whole. Consciousness is largely unified even in split-brai ...
... imagery, or abstract concepts (see Baars, 1988, for further description). Higher consciousness is also defined here by its chief characteristics. A dominant feature of higher consciousness is that many features are unified into a gestalt, or whole. Consciousness is largely unified even in split-brai ...
Generation of Rapid Eye Movements during Paradoxical Sleep in
... intracerebral recordings in the striate cortex showed monophasic or diphasic potentials during PS, isolated or in bursts (Salzarulo et al., 1975). The finding was corroborated in normal subjects by surface electroencephalography (EEG) showing transient occipital and/or parietal potentials time-locke ...
... intracerebral recordings in the striate cortex showed monophasic or diphasic potentials during PS, isolated or in bursts (Salzarulo et al., 1975). The finding was corroborated in normal subjects by surface electroencephalography (EEG) showing transient occipital and/or parietal potentials time-locke ...
Investigation of the central regulation of taste perception and
... mouth). However, the destruction of the VMH -because of the dominance of the neurons in the LHA - provokes rapid increase in appetite and an increment in body weight which leads to obesity.1-3 During the last decades, several extrahypothalamic brain regions were found whose lesion causes similar sym ...
... mouth). However, the destruction of the VMH -because of the dominance of the neurons in the LHA - provokes rapid increase in appetite and an increment in body weight which leads to obesity.1-3 During the last decades, several extrahypothalamic brain regions were found whose lesion causes similar sym ...
Spinal Cord-Evoked Potentials and Muscle Responses Evoked by
... Division of Neurosurgery, Sunnybrook Health Science Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 2Division of Neurosurgery and Division of Neurology, Toronto Hospital, Western Division, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and 4Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada ...
... Division of Neurosurgery, Sunnybrook Health Science Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 2Division of Neurosurgery and Division of Neurology, Toronto Hospital, Western Division, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and 4Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada ...
Seminar High Performance Computers
... ference is achieved through a mechanism in which ion-streams are permitted to pass, where this mechanism is realised through specific ion-channels on the cell-membrane. At the end of the axons which lead to another neuron, the signal is conducted via chemical gradients which are achieved via vesicle ...
... ference is achieved through a mechanism in which ion-streams are permitted to pass, where this mechanism is realised through specific ion-channels on the cell-membrane. At the end of the axons which lead to another neuron, the signal is conducted via chemical gradients which are achieved via vesicle ...
Relationship of Prefrontal Connections to Inhibitory Systems in Superior Temporal
... evidence in both human and non-human primates that all prefrontal cortices have a role in inhibitory control, albeit within the domain of their specialization (for reviews see Shimamura, 1995; Roberts and Wallis, 2000). The phenomenon of inhibitory control is exemplified at the functional level in th ...
... evidence in both human and non-human primates that all prefrontal cortices have a role in inhibitory control, albeit within the domain of their specialization (for reviews see Shimamura, 1995; Roberts and Wallis, 2000). The phenomenon of inhibitory control is exemplified at the functional level in th ...
Decision Making in Recurrent Neuronal Circuits
... have been developed and applied to various experimental paradigms, including perceptual tasks that involve both decision making and working memory, action selection and preparation, learning flexible sensorimotor associations, and reward-based economic choice behaviors such as foraging or interactiv ...
... have been developed and applied to various experimental paradigms, including perceptual tasks that involve both decision making and working memory, action selection and preparation, learning flexible sensorimotor associations, and reward-based economic choice behaviors such as foraging or interactiv ...
The Familial Dysautonomia disease gene, Ikbkap/Elp1, is required
... callosum and the lateral amygdaloid nucleus in the CKO brain were significantly reduced, while the hippocampus was relatively enlarged with respect to the reduced hemisphere (Table 2), which we attribute to the absence of Cre expression in the hippocampus (Fig.1g and S1a,b). Given the critical role ...
... callosum and the lateral amygdaloid nucleus in the CKO brain were significantly reduced, while the hippocampus was relatively enlarged with respect to the reduced hemisphere (Table 2), which we attribute to the absence of Cre expression in the hippocampus (Fig.1g and S1a,b). Given the critical role ...
Differential effects of nicotine on the activity of substantia nigra and
... criminated with a custom-designed time-amplitude window discriminator. Interspike interval histograms, mean firing rate and coefficient of variation (CV = standard deviation of firing frequency/mean firing frequency ´ 100) were calculated from 200-500 successive APs using LabView (National Instr.). ...
... criminated with a custom-designed time-amplitude window discriminator. Interspike interval histograms, mean firing rate and coefficient of variation (CV = standard deviation of firing frequency/mean firing frequency ´ 100) were calculated from 200-500 successive APs using LabView (National Instr.). ...
The effect of learning on the face selective responses of neurons in
... occur in a population of neurons when that population stores new information. In this study, we investigated whether individual neurons in this region alter the degree to which they respond to different stimuli when the set of stimuli starts as novel and is repeated until it becomes familiar. This m ...
... occur in a population of neurons when that population stores new information. In this study, we investigated whether individual neurons in this region alter the degree to which they respond to different stimuli when the set of stimuli starts as novel and is repeated until it becomes familiar. This m ...
Neuropeptide-Mediated Facilitation and Inhibition of Sensory Inputs
... In the lamprey, a lower vertebrate, the effects of neuromodulators on sensory circuitry can be examined on identified neurons and monosynaptic connections in the intact spinal cord (see Christenson and Grillner 1991; El Manira et al. 1997; Parker and Grillner 1996). These neurons include the cutaneo ...
... In the lamprey, a lower vertebrate, the effects of neuromodulators on sensory circuitry can be examined on identified neurons and monosynaptic connections in the intact spinal cord (see Christenson and Grillner 1991; El Manira et al. 1997; Parker and Grillner 1996). These neurons include the cutaneo ...
Novel visual stimuli activate a population of neurons
... were chosen because of their comparability with our previous studies, and because they are in a sensitive part of the dose–response curve. The monkey’s mouth was rinsed with distilled water during the intertrial interval (which lasted at least 30 s, or until neuronal activity returned to baseline le ...
... were chosen because of their comparability with our previous studies, and because they are in a sensitive part of the dose–response curve. The monkey’s mouth was rinsed with distilled water during the intertrial interval (which lasted at least 30 s, or until neuronal activity returned to baseline le ...
Contextual modulation and stimulus selectivity in extrastriate cortex
... Of the two pathways, the dorsal (motion) pathway is somewhat better understood, in part because the space of relevant stimuli is more easily parameterized. Since the eyes themselves are almost never still (Otero-Millan et al., 2008), and objects are typically stationary (Stocker & Simoncelli, 2006), ...
... Of the two pathways, the dorsal (motion) pathway is somewhat better understood, in part because the space of relevant stimuli is more easily parameterized. Since the eyes themselves are almost never still (Otero-Millan et al., 2008), and objects are typically stationary (Stocker & Simoncelli, 2006), ...
Peripheral Nervous System
... • Ventral and dorsal roots join to form spinal nerves • Each spinal nerve branches into a dorsal ramus and ventral ramus. (plural = rami) ...
... • Ventral and dorsal roots join to form spinal nerves • Each spinal nerve branches into a dorsal ramus and ventral ramus. (plural = rami) ...
Imitation, mirror neurons and autism
... neural system involved in motor control of the same movements. Several functional imaging studies have noted that the sight of hand actions produces activity in frontal regions (premotor cortex and Broca's area) [53,54], which may be homologous to F5 in the monkey [49]. In a recent fMRI study, activ ...
... neural system involved in motor control of the same movements. Several functional imaging studies have noted that the sight of hand actions produces activity in frontal regions (premotor cortex and Broca's area) [53,54], which may be homologous to F5 in the monkey [49]. In a recent fMRI study, activ ...
The Nucleus Basalis of Meynert
... choline acetyltransferase (CAT). It is degraded by acetycholinesterase (AChE), an enzyme present in the synaptic cleft. Hebb et al ' 6 showed that undercutting the cerebral cortex caused a reduction in CAT activity in overlying cortex. This indicated that cortical cholinergic input originated from n ...
... choline acetyltransferase (CAT). It is degraded by acetycholinesterase (AChE), an enzyme present in the synaptic cleft. Hebb et al ' 6 showed that undercutting the cerebral cortex caused a reduction in CAT activity in overlying cortex. This indicated that cortical cholinergic input originated from n ...
Object Shape Differences Reflected by Somatosensory Cortical
... Group 1. This group engaged in two different conditions. In one they discriminated ellipsoids in the round set, and in the other they discriminated ellipsoids in the oblong set. The subjects were unaware of the ellipsoids being divided into two sets. The subjects discriminated the oblongness of elli ...
... Group 1. This group engaged in two different conditions. In one they discriminated ellipsoids in the round set, and in the other they discriminated ellipsoids in the oblong set. The subjects were unaware of the ellipsoids being divided into two sets. The subjects discriminated the oblongness of elli ...
the primate amygdala and reinforcement: a
... reflect learned associations between these visual stimuli and the primary reinforcement associated with them. However, these neurons also responded to some objects that were not associated with rewards. We show in this paper that these other stimuli are relatively novel stimuli, thus providing a pot ...
... reflect learned associations between these visual stimuli and the primary reinforcement associated with them. However, these neurons also responded to some objects that were not associated with rewards. We show in this paper that these other stimuli are relatively novel stimuli, thus providing a pot ...
The Evolution of Neuron Types and Cortical
... Kuypers, 1958; Jackson et al., 1969). After the 1950s, however, the amount of research directed toward understanding variation in the hominoid brain declined. There are three main reasons for this. First, the development of molecular biological techniques caused neuroscientists to focus on a small n ...
... Kuypers, 1958; Jackson et al., 1969). After the 1950s, however, the amount of research directed toward understanding variation in the hominoid brain declined. There are three main reasons for this. First, the development of molecular biological techniques caused neuroscientists to focus on a small n ...
GustOlf9
... Olfactory tract bifurcates into lateral and medial olfactory striae. Axons from other brain regions projecting to olfactory bulb synapse with the medial. Axons from the olfactory bulb itself lateral. One 1° projection (cortical region) is seen directly caudal to these on basal forebrain: olfactory ...
... Olfactory tract bifurcates into lateral and medial olfactory striae. Axons from other brain regions projecting to olfactory bulb synapse with the medial. Axons from the olfactory bulb itself lateral. One 1° projection (cortical region) is seen directly caudal to these on basal forebrain: olfactory ...
M555 Medical Neuroscience
... Compare the size amd the relative amounts of gray and white matter at the four levels of the spinal cord so that you can identify the spinal level when shown a cross-section of the cord. ...
... Compare the size amd the relative amounts of gray and white matter at the four levels of the spinal cord so that you can identify the spinal level when shown a cross-section of the cord. ...
PDF
... with Bonferroni-Holm post-hoc test. Pair-wise comparisons were made using Student’s t-test. To identify and analyse separately the neurite arbours of SCG and trigeminal neurons co-cultured in the same dish, these two kinds of neurons were transfected with YFP- and DsRed-expressing plasmids, respecti ...
... with Bonferroni-Holm post-hoc test. Pair-wise comparisons were made using Student’s t-test. To identify and analyse separately the neurite arbours of SCG and trigeminal neurons co-cultured in the same dish, these two kinds of neurons were transfected with YFP- and DsRed-expressing plasmids, respecti ...