Auditory Brain Development in Children With Hearing Loss– Part One
... and where auditory objects are represented in the brain. DeFigure 3, a broad area of activation was seen in the auditory riving higher-order meaning from the sound we hear is cerareas of the brain. Specifically, activity in response to auditory tainly a complex process. “Fundamentally, everything th ...
... and where auditory objects are represented in the brain. DeFigure 3, a broad area of activation was seen in the auditory riving higher-order meaning from the sound we hear is cerareas of the brain. Specifically, activity in response to auditory tainly a complex process. “Fundamentally, everything th ...
The Structure of Spatial Receptive Fields of Neurons in Primary
... mapped with multiple stimulus trials was usually confined to approximately one quadrant of VAS. As a rule, VSRFs were very stable over the several hours during which we studied a neuron (Brugge et al., 1994). We applied three metrics to the VSRF (also see Brugge et al., 1996). For each VSRF we compu ...
... mapped with multiple stimulus trials was usually confined to approximately one quadrant of VAS. As a rule, VSRFs were very stable over the several hours during which we studied a neuron (Brugge et al., 1994). We applied three metrics to the VSRF (also see Brugge et al., 1996). For each VSRF we compu ...
Abstract 1. Introduction Temporal dynamics of perception and the
... motion. Our purpose here is not to review the entire literature (for this, see Pack & Born, 2007), but rather to focus on one particular aspect of the computation, namely its temporal dynamics, that may be of particular use in elucidating the neural circuitry that carries it out. The starting point ...
... motion. Our purpose here is not to review the entire literature (for this, see Pack & Born, 2007), but rather to focus on one particular aspect of the computation, namely its temporal dynamics, that may be of particular use in elucidating the neural circuitry that carries it out. The starting point ...
Gradual increase in neuronal density of rats
... 13. Meyer G, Albus K. Topography and cortical projections of morphologically identified neurons in the visual thalamus of the cat. J Comp Neurol 1981; 201: 353-374. 14. Hitchcock PF, Hickey TL. Morphology of C-laminae neurons in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of the cat: a Golgi ...
... 13. Meyer G, Albus K. Topography and cortical projections of morphologically identified neurons in the visual thalamus of the cat. J Comp Neurol 1981; 201: 353-374. 14. Hitchcock PF, Hickey TL. Morphology of C-laminae neurons in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of the cat: a Golgi ...
The expression of XIF3 in undifferentiated anterior neuroectoderm
... (Chitnis, et al., 1995). In both cases the staining is punctate as this reflects the selection through lateral inhibition of some cells in these areas to differentiate as neurons (Chitnis et al., 1995). As development progresses, punctate X1F3 staining is seen in additional longitudinal stripes corr ...
... (Chitnis, et al., 1995). In both cases the staining is punctate as this reflects the selection through lateral inhibition of some cells in these areas to differentiate as neurons (Chitnis et al., 1995). As development progresses, punctate X1F3 staining is seen in additional longitudinal stripes corr ...
- Princeton University
... Figure 4. Imaging was performed in layer 2/3, which contained many fluorescently labeled neurons and astrocytes (Figure 4Ai). An image time series (see Movie S4) associated with this region was collected (0.256 s/frame) after the animal awoke from anesthesia, during voluntary running and resting beh ...
... Figure 4. Imaging was performed in layer 2/3, which contained many fluorescently labeled neurons and astrocytes (Figure 4Ai). An image time series (see Movie S4) associated with this region was collected (0.256 s/frame) after the animal awoke from anesthesia, during voluntary running and resting beh ...
Spike-Wave Complexes and Fast Components of Cortically
... about relations between cortical and thalamic oscillatory patterns. Last, we demonstrate the cortical origin of fast runs by showing their presence, in conjunction with that of SW/PSW complexes, in isolated cortical slabs. Database and neuronal identification Intracellular recordings, with stable Vm ...
... about relations between cortical and thalamic oscillatory patterns. Last, we demonstrate the cortical origin of fast runs by showing their presence, in conjunction with that of SW/PSW complexes, in isolated cortical slabs. Database and neuronal identification Intracellular recordings, with stable Vm ...
Are fast/slow process in motor adaptation and forward/inverse
... Theory suggests that fast process is preferentially employed when the motor system faces large errors (caused by abrupt perturbations) [2] which typically make subjects aware of the perturbations [19]. Also behavioral and functional imaging results have indicated that in the early phases of motor tr ...
... Theory suggests that fast process is preferentially employed when the motor system faces large errors (caused by abrupt perturbations) [2] which typically make subjects aware of the perturbations [19]. Also behavioral and functional imaging results have indicated that in the early phases of motor tr ...
PDF File - Max-Planck
... (BD Biosciences), and anti-detyrosinated ␣-tubulin (clone ID5; kindly provided by Prof. Juergen Wehland, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany). Measurements. Neuronal migration after in utero electroporation was determined using analysis from at least three different embryo ...
... (BD Biosciences), and anti-detyrosinated ␣-tubulin (clone ID5; kindly provided by Prof. Juergen Wehland, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany). Measurements. Neuronal migration after in utero electroporation was determined using analysis from at least three different embryo ...
A Model of Prefrontal Cortical Mechanisms for Goal-directed Behavior Michael E. Hasselmo Abstract
... environment. The goal state is activated by subcortical drive mechanisms, represented in the model by diffuse activation of the population goR in the reward minicolumn (filled circles in Figure 2). In Figure 2, activity spreads over connections Wg from the goR population in the ‘‘Reward’’ minicolumn ...
... environment. The goal state is activated by subcortical drive mechanisms, represented in the model by diffuse activation of the population goR in the reward minicolumn (filled circles in Figure 2). In Figure 2, activity spreads over connections Wg from the goR population in the ‘‘Reward’’ minicolumn ...
Efficient Recruitment of Layer 2/3 Interneurons by Layer 4 Input in
... To investigate whether L2/3 interneurons are targets of monosynaptic input from layer 4, paired whole-cell voltage recordFigure 3. Latency of L4-to-L2/3 interneuron connections. A, Reconstruction of the dendrites and axon of the presynaptic L4 ings were made in acute slices of P20 –P29 neuron (red, ...
... To investigate whether L2/3 interneurons are targets of monosynaptic input from layer 4, paired whole-cell voltage recordFigure 3. Latency of L4-to-L2/3 interneuron connections. A, Reconstruction of the dendrites and axon of the presynaptic L4 ings were made in acute slices of P20 –P29 neuron (red, ...
Slide 1
... canal intrinsic tongue muscles + hypo-, stylo- & genioglossus muscles Hypoglossal Canal: XII nerve, emissary vein, meningeal branch from ascending pharyngeal artery (dura posterior fossa) ...
... canal intrinsic tongue muscles + hypo-, stylo- & genioglossus muscles Hypoglossal Canal: XII nerve, emissary vein, meningeal branch from ascending pharyngeal artery (dura posterior fossa) ...
A Beginner`s Guide to the Mathematics of Neural Networks
... 1 By this we mean that their output signals are to some degree subject to random variation; they exhibit so-called spontaneous activity which appears not to be related to the information processing task they are involved in. ...
... 1 By this we mean that their output signals are to some degree subject to random variation; they exhibit so-called spontaneous activity which appears not to be related to the information processing task they are involved in. ...
DOWN - Ubiquitous Computing Lab
... INT Winner; /* - last winner in Kohonen layer */ REAL Alpha; /* - learning rate for Kohonen layer */ REAL Alpha_; /* - learning rate for output layer */ REAL Alpha__; /* - learning rate for step sizes */ ...
... INT Winner; /* - last winner in Kohonen layer */ REAL Alpha; /* - learning rate for Kohonen layer */ REAL Alpha_; /* - learning rate for output layer */ REAL Alpha__; /* - learning rate for step sizes */ ...
Developmental Changes Revealed by Immunohistochemical
... differentiated ependymal layer, whereas the intermediate zone has become the definitive white matter. In experimental mammals, including nonhuman primates, it is known that the subplate and marginal zones contain the first postmitotic neurons of the cerebral cortex. However, by early maturity many o ...
... differentiated ependymal layer, whereas the intermediate zone has become the definitive white matter. In experimental mammals, including nonhuman primates, it is known that the subplate and marginal zones contain the first postmitotic neurons of the cerebral cortex. However, by early maturity many o ...
Accelerating axonal growth promotes motor
... transduced (Figure 2B), indicating effective knockdown. However, the knockdown resulted in an accelerated loss of the transduced DRG neurons (Supplemental Figure 1B), in keeping with its survival function (ref. 14 and Supplemental Figure 1B). To overcome this, we knocked down mHsp25 in DRG neurons f ...
... transduced (Figure 2B), indicating effective knockdown. However, the knockdown resulted in an accelerated loss of the transduced DRG neurons (Supplemental Figure 1B), in keeping with its survival function (ref. 14 and Supplemental Figure 1B). To overcome this, we knocked down mHsp25 in DRG neurons f ...
Neuronal fiber tracts connecting the brain and ventral nerve cord of
... Many aspects of insect behavior entail stereotyped sequences of movement that are controlled by neuronal circuits, called central pattern generators (CPGs; Marder et al., 2005). CPGs are located in the ventral nerve cord (CPGs controlling behaviors involving movement of the wings, legs, and abdomen) ...
... Many aspects of insect behavior entail stereotyped sequences of movement that are controlled by neuronal circuits, called central pattern generators (CPGs; Marder et al., 2005). CPGs are located in the ventral nerve cord (CPGs controlling behaviors involving movement of the wings, legs, and abdomen) ...
The Science Behind Balance Training
... The physiologic reason behind the ability to regulate force production lies in the fact that movement is based on contractions of motor units (force production output), and not single muscle fibers, nor entire muscles. A number of muscle fibers make up a motor unit, and many motor units are containe ...
... The physiologic reason behind the ability to regulate force production lies in the fact that movement is based on contractions of motor units (force production output), and not single muscle fibers, nor entire muscles. A number of muscle fibers make up a motor unit, and many motor units are containe ...
DECODING NEURONAL FIRING AND MODELING NEURAL
... of neurons must be interpreted collectively. The second step is described in 2) below. The spike train produced by a single neuron can be extremely complex, reflecting in part the complexity of the underlying neuronal dynamics, problem ii). A method for analyzing neuronal spike trains based on a li ...
... of neurons must be interpreted collectively. The second step is described in 2) below. The spike train produced by a single neuron can be extremely complex, reflecting in part the complexity of the underlying neuronal dynamics, problem ii). A method for analyzing neuronal spike trains based on a li ...
Saccade-Related Spread of Activity Across
... visually symmetric, also called the SC-asymmetric kernel; see following text). Here the symmetry, either SC or visual space, refers to being isotropic (the same in all directions) as well as homogeneous (the same for neurons everywhere) in the space (see RESULTS for details). The present study notes ...
... visually symmetric, also called the SC-asymmetric kernel; see following text). Here the symmetry, either SC or visual space, refers to being isotropic (the same in all directions) as well as homogeneous (the same for neurons everywhere) in the space (see RESULTS for details). The present study notes ...
High-frequency stimulation in Parkinson`s disease: more
... Deep-brain stimulation at high frequency is now considered the most effective neurosurgical therapy for movement disorders. An electrode is chronically implanted in a particular area of the brain and, when continuously stimulated, it significantly alleviates motor symptoms. In Parkinson’s disease, c ...
... Deep-brain stimulation at high frequency is now considered the most effective neurosurgical therapy for movement disorders. An electrode is chronically implanted in a particular area of the brain and, when continuously stimulated, it significantly alleviates motor symptoms. In Parkinson’s disease, c ...
Saccade-Related Spread of Activity Across Superior Colliculus May
... visually symmetric, also called the SC-asymmetric kernel; see following text). Here the symmetry, either SC or visual space, refers to being isotropic (the same in all directions) as well as homogeneous (the same for neurons everywhere) in the space (see RESULTS for details). The present study notes ...
... visually symmetric, also called the SC-asymmetric kernel; see following text). Here the symmetry, either SC or visual space, refers to being isotropic (the same in all directions) as well as homogeneous (the same for neurons everywhere) in the space (see RESULTS for details). The present study notes ...
A coincidence detector neural network model of selective attention
... In addition to influence from top-down spatial goals, the neural activation of each stimulus is progressively modulated by top-down signals of semantic information. We propose that a correlation control mechanism that includes coincidence detector neurons determines the correlation between semantic ...
... In addition to influence from top-down spatial goals, the neural activation of each stimulus is progressively modulated by top-down signals of semantic information. We propose that a correlation control mechanism that includes coincidence detector neurons determines the correlation between semantic ...
The emergence of a shared action ontology: Building blocks for a
... designated as ‘‘mirror neurons’’ (Gallese, Fadiga, Fogassi, & Rizzolatti, 1996; Rizzolatti, Fadiga, Fogassi, & Gallese, 1996a; see also Fogassi & Gallese, 2002; Gallese, 2000, 2001; Gallese, Fogassi, Fadiga, & Rizzolatti, 2002; Rizzolatti, Fogassi, & Gallese, 2000; Rizzolatti, Fogassi, & Gallese, 20 ...
... designated as ‘‘mirror neurons’’ (Gallese, Fadiga, Fogassi, & Rizzolatti, 1996; Rizzolatti, Fadiga, Fogassi, & Gallese, 1996a; see also Fogassi & Gallese, 2002; Gallese, 2000, 2001; Gallese, Fogassi, Fadiga, & Rizzolatti, 2002; Rizzolatti, Fogassi, & Gallese, 2000; Rizzolatti, Fogassi, & Gallese, 20 ...
Supranuclear control of ocular motility
... stimulus-bound eye movements of various types originate in posterior parts of the brain, whereas voluntary, self-initiated movements derive from frontal areas. Frontal cortex includes three areas involved in saccade generation. These comprise the frontal eye fields (FEFs), supplementary eye fields ( ...
... stimulus-bound eye movements of various types originate in posterior parts of the brain, whereas voluntary, self-initiated movements derive from frontal areas. Frontal cortex includes three areas involved in saccade generation. These comprise the frontal eye fields (FEFs), supplementary eye fields ( ...