Cranial nerves III, IV,VI and Visual Pathway
... A nuclear lesion may also involve the nearby facial nucleus or axons of the facial nerve, causing paralysis of all the ipsilateral facial muscles. ...
... A nuclear lesion may also involve the nearby facial nucleus or axons of the facial nerve, causing paralysis of all the ipsilateral facial muscles. ...
Neurohistology I
... B. Neurons (nerve cells)—neurons are the structural and functional units of the nervous system; B. NEURONS they are specialized to conduct electrical signals. Note: The plasma membrane of the neuron contains both voltage gated ion channels (involved in generation and conduction of electrical signals ...
... B. Neurons (nerve cells)—neurons are the structural and functional units of the nervous system; B. NEURONS they are specialized to conduct electrical signals. Note: The plasma membrane of the neuron contains both voltage gated ion channels (involved in generation and conduction of electrical signals ...
Kalirin, a Multifunctional Rho Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor
... several PDZ [postsynaptic density-95 (PSD-95)/Discs large/zona occludens-1] domain-containing proteins (Penzes et al., 2000, 2001a). Overexpression of Kal-7 caused the formation of spinelike structures in cortical neurons (Penzes et al., 2001a). The increase in spine density induced by ephrin B1 was ...
... several PDZ [postsynaptic density-95 (PSD-95)/Discs large/zona occludens-1] domain-containing proteins (Penzes et al., 2000, 2001a). Overexpression of Kal-7 caused the formation of spinelike structures in cortical neurons (Penzes et al., 2001a). The increase in spine density induced by ephrin B1 was ...
Distribution of GABAergic neurons and axon terminals in the
... Neurons that utilize the neurotransmitter y-aminobutyric acid (GABA) appear to play an important role in generating many of the receptive field properties that distinguish neurons in the striate cortex from those in the lateral geniculate nucleus. When the inhibitory effects of GABA are blocked by t ...
... Neurons that utilize the neurotransmitter y-aminobutyric acid (GABA) appear to play an important role in generating many of the receptive field properties that distinguish neurons in the striate cortex from those in the lateral geniculate nucleus. When the inhibitory effects of GABA are blocked by t ...
Spinal Cord
... Cord contusion is the best response because there is gross traumatic injury to the spinal column with disruption of the C4-C5 ligamenta flava, interspinous ligaments, and posterior longitudinal ligament. There is fracture deformity of C5 vertebra consistent with a flexion teardrop fracture and fra ...
... Cord contusion is the best response because there is gross traumatic injury to the spinal column with disruption of the C4-C5 ligamenta flava, interspinous ligaments, and posterior longitudinal ligament. There is fracture deformity of C5 vertebra consistent with a flexion teardrop fracture and fra ...
Assisted morphogenesis: glial control of dendrite
... synapses when cultured in vitro in the absence of glia than in their presence [43]. A recent study suggests that physical contact between RGC neurons and astrocytic glia may allow these neurons to become competent for synapse formation. Glia–neuron contact reduces dendritic localization of the axona ...
... synapses when cultured in vitro in the absence of glia than in their presence [43]. A recent study suggests that physical contact between RGC neurons and astrocytic glia may allow these neurons to become competent for synapse formation. Glia–neuron contact reduces dendritic localization of the axona ...
ADA Compliant Lecture PowerPoint
... they relate to one another? 2.2 How do neurons use neurotransmitters to communicate with each other and with the body? 2.3 How do the brain and spinal cord interact, and what are some misconceptions about the brain, and what is neuroplasticity? 2.4 How do the somatic and autonomic nervous systems al ...
... they relate to one another? 2.2 How do neurons use neurotransmitters to communicate with each other and with the body? 2.3 How do the brain and spinal cord interact, and what are some misconceptions about the brain, and what is neuroplasticity? 2.4 How do the somatic and autonomic nervous systems al ...
Sensorimotor cortical influences on cuneate nucleus
... (bursting and tonic) are recognized to serve two basic functions: the bursting mode implies a functional disconnection from the outside world, since it is produced through intrinsic neuronal membrane properties which do not reflect the attributes of the sensory signals; the tonic or transfer mode al ...
... (bursting and tonic) are recognized to serve two basic functions: the bursting mode implies a functional disconnection from the outside world, since it is produced through intrinsic neuronal membrane properties which do not reflect the attributes of the sensory signals; the tonic or transfer mode al ...
Selective visual attention and perceptual coherence
... features and locations with the activity of neurons at later stages that code for object identity, behavioral relevance and value. For example, the fine spatial and featural details provided by early areas such as V1 complement the view- and position-invariant object representations maintained in IT ...
... features and locations with the activity of neurons at later stages that code for object identity, behavioral relevance and value. For example, the fine spatial and featural details provided by early areas such as V1 complement the view- and position-invariant object representations maintained in IT ...
Abstract Background Preliminary Data Hypothesis
... Proper synaptic development is fundamental to normal brain function and requires the appropriate induction of both excitatory and inhibitory connections. Failure to properly form a network of these different synaptic types can lead to a myriad of disorders such as autism, schizophrenia and epilepsy. ...
... Proper synaptic development is fundamental to normal brain function and requires the appropriate induction of both excitatory and inhibitory connections. Failure to properly form a network of these different synaptic types can lead to a myriad of disorders such as autism, schizophrenia and epilepsy. ...
Neurofilament and Calcium-Binding Proteins in the
... chemoarchitectonic indicator of the cingulate motor areas in the macaque monkey (Nimchinsky et al., 1996). Another set of useful markers are the calcium-binding proteins parvalbumin, calbindin, and calretinin. With the exception of a population of pyramidal neurons that contain calbindin, the neuron ...
... chemoarchitectonic indicator of the cingulate motor areas in the macaque monkey (Nimchinsky et al., 1996). Another set of useful markers are the calcium-binding proteins parvalbumin, calbindin, and calretinin. With the exception of a population of pyramidal neurons that contain calbindin, the neuron ...
USC Brain Project Specific Aims
... Rizzolatti, G, and Arbib, M.A., 1998, Language Within Our Grasp, Trends in Neuroscience, 21(5):188-194: The Mirror System Hypothesis: Human Broca’s area contains a mirror system for grasping which is homologous to the F5 mirror system of monkey, and this provides the evolutionary basis for language ...
... Rizzolatti, G, and Arbib, M.A., 1998, Language Within Our Grasp, Trends in Neuroscience, 21(5):188-194: The Mirror System Hypothesis: Human Broca’s area contains a mirror system for grasping which is homologous to the F5 mirror system of monkey, and this provides the evolutionary basis for language ...
Function of Peripheral Olfactory Organs
... Responses to both contact with and loss of sex pheromone filaments by male moths can be as fast as 0.15s [Grapholita rnolesta (Busck), Baker and Haynes 19871,but usually are between 0.3-0.6s [Heliothis virescens (F.), Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), and Antheraea polyphemus (Cramer), respectively; Vickers ...
... Responses to both contact with and loss of sex pheromone filaments by male moths can be as fast as 0.15s [Grapholita rnolesta (Busck), Baker and Haynes 19871,but usually are between 0.3-0.6s [Heliothis virescens (F.), Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), and Antheraea polyphemus (Cramer), respectively; Vickers ...
Human Lateral Geniculate Nucleus and Visual Cortex Respond to
... by the screen flicker and is not an electromagnetic artifact. This signal presents the electrophysiological characteristics of the SSVEPs usually evoked by repeated flashed stimuli. Indeed, these oscillations are phase-locked to the periodic stimulus, as they are best observed on the averaged evoked ...
... by the screen flicker and is not an electromagnetic artifact. This signal presents the electrophysiological characteristics of the SSVEPs usually evoked by repeated flashed stimuli. Indeed, these oscillations are phase-locked to the periodic stimulus, as they are best observed on the averaged evoked ...
Human Reflexes Introductory Reading and
... smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands. Somatic reflexes involve stimulation of skeletal muscles by the somatic or voluntary division of the nervous system. Most reflexes are polysynaptical (involving more than two neurons) and involve the activity of interneurons (or association neurons) in the ...
... smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands. Somatic reflexes involve stimulation of skeletal muscles by the somatic or voluntary division of the nervous system. Most reflexes are polysynaptical (involving more than two neurons) and involve the activity of interneurons (or association neurons) in the ...
Synchrony between Neurons with Similar Muscle Fields in Monkey
... in M1 arises from the organization of cells into functional assemblies, then one possibility is that the activity of cells influencing common muscles could be synchronized together. Indeed, an early study by Smith (1989) (reviewed by Fetz et al., 1990) provided evidence to support such an organizati ...
... in M1 arises from the organization of cells into functional assemblies, then one possibility is that the activity of cells influencing common muscles could be synchronized together. Indeed, an early study by Smith (1989) (reviewed by Fetz et al., 1990) provided evidence to support such an organizati ...
Efferent connections of the parabigeminal nucleus to the amygdala
... Magnin, 1979; Graybiel, 1978, reviewed in Usunoff et al., 2006). In order to understand whether the neurons of this small nucleus, with prominent efferent connections, are able to innervate more than one target by means of divergent axon collaterals, we performed a double labeling retrograde tracing ...
... Magnin, 1979; Graybiel, 1978, reviewed in Usunoff et al., 2006). In order to understand whether the neurons of this small nucleus, with prominent efferent connections, are able to innervate more than one target by means of divergent axon collaterals, we performed a double labeling retrograde tracing ...
Frequency-Dependent Processing in the Vibrissa Sensory System
... (1999) found that electrical stimulation of the infraorbital nerve evoked a smaller response in the VPm while a rat was whisking compared with when it was in a quiescent state. One explanation for this effect is that whisking generates sensory feedback at the frequency of vibrissa motion, even when ...
... (1999) found that electrical stimulation of the infraorbital nerve evoked a smaller response in the VPm while a rat was whisking compared with when it was in a quiescent state. One explanation for this effect is that whisking generates sensory feedback at the frequency of vibrissa motion, even when ...
Attractor concretion as a mechanism for the formation of context
... hence has a positive value, and the other that predicts punishment and has a negative value. The delivery of reward or punishment resets the AN to the wait state. The AN encodes the CS–US associations by making CS triggered transitions to the state that represents the value of the predicted US. The ...
... hence has a positive value, and the other that predicts punishment and has a negative value. The delivery of reward or punishment resets the AN to the wait state. The AN encodes the CS–US associations by making CS triggered transitions to the state that represents the value of the predicted US. The ...
Visual circuits in flies: beginning to see the whole picture
... types Mi1 and Tm3, which then both synapse onto T4 [23]. In the moving dark edge pathway, L2 cells specifically connect to columnar medulla cell types Tm1 and Tm2, which then synapse onto T5 [25,26] (Figure 2c). Both activity imaging using the genetically encoded calcium sensor Gcamp5 and electrop ...
... types Mi1 and Tm3, which then both synapse onto T4 [23]. In the moving dark edge pathway, L2 cells specifically connect to columnar medulla cell types Tm1 and Tm2, which then synapse onto T5 [25,26] (Figure 2c). Both activity imaging using the genetically encoded calcium sensor Gcamp5 and electrop ...
ChennWalshCeCortexJu..
... present at birth. Here we report the effects in adult mice expressing lower levels of the same stabilized β-catenin transgene in neural precursors. Adult transgenic animals develop enlarged forebrains with thin cerebral cortices with increased surface area, expanded subventricular zones with subcort ...
... present at birth. Here we report the effects in adult mice expressing lower levels of the same stabilized β-catenin transgene in neural precursors. Adult transgenic animals develop enlarged forebrains with thin cerebral cortices with increased surface area, expanded subventricular zones with subcort ...
Large-Scale Fluorescence Calcium-Imaging
... relationships between the peak amplitude of a somatic Ca2þ transient and the underlying number of action potentials (Fig. 1E) (Chen et al. 2013). Other types of pyramidal cells likely also exhibit similar linear relationships between these parameters, but not necessarily with the same linear functio ...
... relationships between the peak amplitude of a somatic Ca2þ transient and the underlying number of action potentials (Fig. 1E) (Chen et al. 2013). Other types of pyramidal cells likely also exhibit similar linear relationships between these parameters, but not necessarily with the same linear functio ...
Bipolar neurons in rat visual cortex: A combined
... The focus of our studies on connections between neurons has been area 17 of rat visual cortex. This cortex may lack the functional columns of neurons present in visual cortices such as those of the cat (for example, Hubel & Wiesel, 1963) and monkey (for example, Hubel & Wiesel, 1977), but like these ...
... The focus of our studies on connections between neurons has been area 17 of rat visual cortex. This cortex may lack the functional columns of neurons present in visual cortices such as those of the cat (for example, Hubel & Wiesel, 1963) and monkey (for example, Hubel & Wiesel, 1977), but like these ...