Visually induced and spontaneous behavior in the zebrafish
... Behavior is often conceived as resulting from a stimulus-response association. Under this paradigm, understanding the nervous system is reduced to finding the relation between a sensory input and a motor output. Yet, in naturally behaving animals, motor actions influence sensory perceptions just as ...
... Behavior is often conceived as resulting from a stimulus-response association. Under this paradigm, understanding the nervous system is reduced to finding the relation between a sensory input and a motor output. Yet, in naturally behaving animals, motor actions influence sensory perceptions just as ...
concurrent, distributed control of saccade initiation in the frontal eye
... the saccade neurons 55,56 . Fixation neurons have been prescribed a role in the maintenance of active visual fixation 41,57, however they may also be participate in the execution of microsaccades57 , smooth pursuit58,59, and vergence eye movements60 . Local inhibitory connections may help shape the ...
... the saccade neurons 55,56 . Fixation neurons have been prescribed a role in the maintenance of active visual fixation 41,57, however they may also be participate in the execution of microsaccades57 , smooth pursuit58,59, and vergence eye movements60 . Local inhibitory connections may help shape the ...
Brodmann-Detail
... spatial imagery. Clinical observation demonstrates that the damage in the left superior parietal lobe is associated with ideomotor apraxia (loss of the ability to produce purposeful, skilled movements as the result of brain pathology not caused by weakness, paralysis, lack of coordination, or sensor ...
... spatial imagery. Clinical observation demonstrates that the damage in the left superior parietal lobe is associated with ideomotor apraxia (loss of the ability to produce purposeful, skilled movements as the result of brain pathology not caused by weakness, paralysis, lack of coordination, or sensor ...
From/To LTM - Ohio University
... Spatio-temporal memories are fundamental to self-organization and learning in bio-inspired systems. Short term memory (STM) and long term memory (LTM): two major types of memories in neurobiological research of human brain. They occupy different regions of the human brain, have different structu ...
... Spatio-temporal memories are fundamental to self-organization and learning in bio-inspired systems. Short term memory (STM) and long term memory (LTM): two major types of memories in neurobiological research of human brain. They occupy different regions of the human brain, have different structu ...
The Autonomic Nervous System
... ANS structures in the PNS – ganglionic neurons, the adrenal medulla, and all autonomic ganglia – derive from the neural crest ...
... ANS structures in the PNS – ganglionic neurons, the adrenal medulla, and all autonomic ganglia – derive from the neural crest ...
directory of functions - Stress Therapy Solutions
... several studies. Usually it is accepted that SMA participates in initiating, maintaining, coordinating and planning complex sequences of movements performed in a particular order. Stimulation of the left SMA has been related to arrest of speech, and its damage to a particular type of language disord ...
... several studies. Usually it is accepted that SMA participates in initiating, maintaining, coordinating and planning complex sequences of movements performed in a particular order. Stimulation of the left SMA has been related to arrest of speech, and its damage to a particular type of language disord ...
Self-Organizing Feature Maps with Lateral Connections: Modeling
... The primary visual cortex, like many other regions of the neocortex, is a topographic map, and is organized such that adjacent neurons respond to adjacent regions of the retina. This retinotopic map, as well as ner structures within it such as ocular dominance columns, forms by the self-organizatio ...
... The primary visual cortex, like many other regions of the neocortex, is a topographic map, and is organized such that adjacent neurons respond to adjacent regions of the retina. This retinotopic map, as well as ner structures within it such as ocular dominance columns, forms by the self-organizatio ...
Hippocampus, hippocampal sclerosis and epilepsy
... in neuronal response to rarely used and weak stimulation of a small area in the brain. A stimulus of a subliminal intensity after a certain time causes epileptic discharges at the place of stimulation. If the stimulus is repeated, a process of progressive change begins: first the stimulation causes ...
... in neuronal response to rarely used and weak stimulation of a small area in the brain. A stimulus of a subliminal intensity after a certain time causes epileptic discharges at the place of stimulation. If the stimulus is repeated, a process of progressive change begins: first the stimulation causes ...
Cranial Nerve VII
... substance of the parotid gland and divide to form the temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular, and cervical branches to innervate the muscles of facial expression. ...
... substance of the parotid gland and divide to form the temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular, and cervical branches to innervate the muscles of facial expression. ...
Deep Brain Stimulation Does Not Silence Neurons in Subthalamic
... that lesioning or otherwise inactivating the STN is effective in treating Parkinson’s disease symptoms (Follett 2000; Levy et al. 2001; Walter and Vitek 2004). Electrical stimulation was thus inferred to mimic a lesion by suppressing output from the STN. The functional lesion hypothesis received sup ...
... that lesioning or otherwise inactivating the STN is effective in treating Parkinson’s disease symptoms (Follett 2000; Levy et al. 2001; Walter and Vitek 2004). Electrical stimulation was thus inferred to mimic a lesion by suppressing output from the STN. The functional lesion hypothesis received sup ...
Physiology of the Striate Cortex
... • Analysis of fine objects • Small receptive fields, sustained ...
... • Analysis of fine objects • Small receptive fields, sustained ...
Action-based language: A theory of language acquisition
... language. More relevant data have been produced by using imaging and TMS procedures. For example, it has been shown in humans that the observation of actions done with different effectors (hand, foot, and mouth) recruits the same motor representations active during the actual execution of those same ...
... language. More relevant data have been produced by using imaging and TMS procedures. For example, it has been shown in humans that the observation of actions done with different effectors (hand, foot, and mouth) recruits the same motor representations active during the actual execution of those same ...
May 11, 04copy.doc
... Pioneer studies on the adult monkey’s visual system showed that depriving visual input from one eye results in decreases of both GABA and its synthesizing enzyme GAD in the deprived cortical neurons (Hendry and Jones, 1986). In the SI cortex of adult rodents, similar effects of deprivation have been ...
... Pioneer studies on the adult monkey’s visual system showed that depriving visual input from one eye results in decreases of both GABA and its synthesizing enzyme GAD in the deprived cortical neurons (Hendry and Jones, 1986). In the SI cortex of adult rodents, similar effects of deprivation have been ...
Spinal Cord
... the same level. The second order neurons exit from the dorsal nucleus and ascend in the Dorsal Spinocerebellar Tract. 1b. Fibers that enter above C8 ascend in the Fasciculus Cuneatus (as a first order neuron) to the lower Medulla and synapse in Accessory (Lateral) Cuneate Nucleus. This system is cal ...
... the same level. The second order neurons exit from the dorsal nucleus and ascend in the Dorsal Spinocerebellar Tract. 1b. Fibers that enter above C8 ascend in the Fasciculus Cuneatus (as a first order neuron) to the lower Medulla and synapse in Accessory (Lateral) Cuneate Nucleus. This system is cal ...
Title - HAL
... Neuronal dendrites display an astonishing diversity in shape. This part of the nerve cells is important for several reasons. Firstly, it strongly influences the information processing performed by the cell, though how this influence is exercised is still debated. Secondly, the shape of dendritic arb ...
... Neuronal dendrites display an astonishing diversity in shape. This part of the nerve cells is important for several reasons. Firstly, it strongly influences the information processing performed by the cell, though how this influence is exercised is still debated. Secondly, the shape of dendritic arb ...
bupropion and the autonomic nervous system
... presynaptic cell can affect many postsynaptic cells. And it was thought to be a rule that there was only one neurotransmitter produced and released by an axon. Now we know that there can be more than one; in which case they are called cotransmitters. Receptors are another important control point for ...
... presynaptic cell can affect many postsynaptic cells. And it was thought to be a rule that there was only one neurotransmitter produced and released by an axon. Now we know that there can be more than one; in which case they are called cotransmitters. Receptors are another important control point for ...
- Wiley Online Library
... pattern similar to that of neuronal markers, such as TUJ1 and MAP2, in the human embryo during human embryonic days 20–32, suggesting that Rufy3 might be expressed in the human developing nervous system (Figure S1) (Fang et al. 2010). In addition, its ortholog was detected in the rat brain (Mori et ...
... pattern similar to that of neuronal markers, such as TUJ1 and MAP2, in the human embryo during human embryonic days 20–32, suggesting that Rufy3 might be expressed in the human developing nervous system (Figure S1) (Fang et al. 2010). In addition, its ortholog was detected in the rat brain (Mori et ...
Zwicker Tone Illusion and Noise Reduction in the Auditory System
... the asymmetric inhibition is taken to be 0.8 octaves. Let us now consider a pure tone at a low-pass noise edge; see Fig. 1(e). The pure tone habituates the neurons in its tonotopic surroundings even more than noise alone does. With asymmetric inhibition, a Zwicker tone is therefore bound to be above ...
... the asymmetric inhibition is taken to be 0.8 octaves. Let us now consider a pure tone at a low-pass noise edge; see Fig. 1(e). The pure tone habituates the neurons in its tonotopic surroundings even more than noise alone does. With asymmetric inhibition, a Zwicker tone is therefore bound to be above ...
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF VISUAL AREA MT
... Gestalt map of major routes into MT in the manner of Felleman & Van Essen (1991). Line thickness is roughly proportional to the magnitude of the inputs, on the basis of a combination of projection neuron numbers and, where data are available, the characteristics of their axon terminals (see Figure 3 ...
... Gestalt map of major routes into MT in the manner of Felleman & Van Essen (1991). Line thickness is roughly proportional to the magnitude of the inputs, on the basis of a combination of projection neuron numbers and, where data are available, the characteristics of their axon terminals (see Figure 3 ...
Dopamine-Independent Locomotion Following Blockade of N
... Substance P, ionotropic glutamate (NMDA, AMPA, and kainate subtypes), and GABAA receptors (for review, see Kalivas, 1993). In all instances, the motor stimulant response has been shown to be blocked by dopamine receptor antagonists and/or associated with enhanced dopamine transmission in the nucleus ...
... Substance P, ionotropic glutamate (NMDA, AMPA, and kainate subtypes), and GABAA receptors (for review, see Kalivas, 1993). In all instances, the motor stimulant response has been shown to be blocked by dopamine receptor antagonists and/or associated with enhanced dopamine transmission in the nucleus ...
Some Analogies Between Visual Cortical and Genetic Maps
... In contrast to the linear maps of amino-acid sequences in the base code sequences of the DNA, the representations of the visual field in the vi sual cortex are two-dimensional. The mapping of the visual cortex began earlier, but has proceeded more slowly than the mapping of the genetic material. In ...
... In contrast to the linear maps of amino-acid sequences in the base code sequences of the DNA, the representations of the visual field in the vi sual cortex are two-dimensional. The mapping of the visual cortex began earlier, but has proceeded more slowly than the mapping of the genetic material. In ...
Assembly and Function of Spinal Circuits for Motor Control
... family of transcription factors to regulate the expression profile of two classes of homeodomain (HD) transcription factors (Class I/Class II) in the ventral spinal cord (Shirasaki & Pfaff 2002). Shh induces expression of the more ventrally expressed Class II protein genes, whereas genes encoding Cl ...
... family of transcription factors to regulate the expression profile of two classes of homeodomain (HD) transcription factors (Class I/Class II) in the ventral spinal cord (Shirasaki & Pfaff 2002). Shh induces expression of the more ventrally expressed Class II protein genes, whereas genes encoding Cl ...
Neural correlates for perception of 3d surface orientation from texture
... could thus correctly perform the crossmatching of texture and disparity gradients even with novel orientations (tests 1 and 3) and patterns (tests 2 and 3) without training. Monkeys regarded texture and disparity gradients as equivalent depth cues, and they perceived a 3D surface orientation from te ...
... could thus correctly perform the crossmatching of texture and disparity gradients even with novel orientations (tests 1 and 3) and patterns (tests 2 and 3) without training. Monkeys regarded texture and disparity gradients as equivalent depth cues, and they perceived a 3D surface orientation from te ...
RHS 332-chap 2 part
... 6, 8,1,2 , area 3,and also area 5,but with connection with other subcortical areas : basal ganglia, reticular formation, vestibular nuclei, red-nuclei and olivary nuclei. ...
... 6, 8,1,2 , area 3,and also area 5,but with connection with other subcortical areas : basal ganglia, reticular formation, vestibular nuclei, red-nuclei and olivary nuclei. ...