CLASSICAL AND INSTRUMENTAL CONDITIONING: THE
... This dichotomy between drive and consummatory response is also expressed in the defensive functions of the organism (Fig. 2). The consummatory UR consists of defensive responses to a painful or aversive stimulus (for instance, leg flexion in response to pinprick); while the fear-drive UR is manifest ...
... This dichotomy between drive and consummatory response is also expressed in the defensive functions of the organism (Fig. 2). The consummatory UR consists of defensive responses to a painful or aversive stimulus (for instance, leg flexion in response to pinprick); while the fear-drive UR is manifest ...
Latest Findings in the Mechanisms of Cortical `Arousal`: `Enabling
... the medical sense of being conscious of ones surroundings. While REM and waking states share some commonalities in terms of "phenomenal" experiences – "The dream seemed so real!" –, there are many "access" differences between REM and waking that affect the quality of the "phenomenal" experiences. So ...
... the medical sense of being conscious of ones surroundings. While REM and waking states share some commonalities in terms of "phenomenal" experiences – "The dream seemed so real!" –, there are many "access" differences between REM and waking that affect the quality of the "phenomenal" experiences. So ...
Experimental Brain Research 221(1)
... cortex near the junction of the dorsal parieto-occipital sulcus, POS) (Fattori et al. 2001, 2009a; Galletti et al. 2003) and a putative ‘parietal reach region’ (PRR) that straddles the boundary between MIP and V6A (Batista et al. 1999; Buneo et al. 2002; Chang et al. 2008; Andersen and Cui 2009). PR ...
... cortex near the junction of the dorsal parieto-occipital sulcus, POS) (Fattori et al. 2001, 2009a; Galletti et al. 2003) and a putative ‘parietal reach region’ (PRR) that straddles the boundary between MIP and V6A (Batista et al. 1999; Buneo et al. 2002; Chang et al. 2008; Andersen and Cui 2009). PR ...
Dynamics of Propofol-Induced Loss of Consciousness Across
... field potentials (LFPs) and EEG signals are often decoupled due to a variety of electrophysiological and anatomical variables (Musall et al., 2014). A widely used EEG monitor failed to reduce the incidence of intraoperative awareness (Avidan et al., 2011), highlighting the potential lack of sensitiv ...
... field potentials (LFPs) and EEG signals are often decoupled due to a variety of electrophysiological and anatomical variables (Musall et al., 2014). A widely used EEG monitor failed to reduce the incidence of intraoperative awareness (Avidan et al., 2011), highlighting the potential lack of sensitiv ...
View/Open
... Vertical Neuronal Columns in the Visual Cortex. The visual cortex is organized structurally into several million vertical columns of neuronal cells, each column having a diameter of 30 to 50 micrometers. The same vertical columnar organization is found throughout the cerebral cortex for the other s ...
... Vertical Neuronal Columns in the Visual Cortex. The visual cortex is organized structurally into several million vertical columns of neuronal cells, each column having a diameter of 30 to 50 micrometers. The same vertical columnar organization is found throughout the cerebral cortex for the other s ...
A monument of inefficiency: The presumed course of the recurrent
... anatomical evidence for vocal ability” in non−avian dino− saurs. In the absence of data, the most that can be said is that if sauropods produced or modulated sounds using their la− rynges, those activities were subject to relatively long physi− ological delays. This effect of large body size on nerv ...
... anatomical evidence for vocal ability” in non−avian dino− saurs. In the absence of data, the most that can be said is that if sauropods produced or modulated sounds using their la− rynges, those activities were subject to relatively long physi− ological delays. This effect of large body size on nerv ...
R eelin is expressed in the accessory olfactory system, but is not a
... towards the olfactory bulb. When the axons cross the main olfactory bulb they converge into two or three bundles that terminate in specific regions of the accessory olfactory bulb. In the reeler mice the vomeronasal sensory neuron projections are indistinguishable from the wild-type animals (Fig. 2A ...
... towards the olfactory bulb. When the axons cross the main olfactory bulb they converge into two or three bundles that terminate in specific regions of the accessory olfactory bulb. In the reeler mice the vomeronasal sensory neuron projections are indistinguishable from the wild-type animals (Fig. 2A ...
Topographically Specific Hippocampal Projections Target Functionally Distinct Prefrontal Areas in the
... CA1’ and CA1 fields rostrally, but originated in the subicular fields caudally. In contrast, labeled neurons which innervated orbital cortices were considerably more focal, emanating from the same relative position within a field throughout the rostrocaudal extent of the hippocampal formation. In ma ...
... CA1’ and CA1 fields rostrally, but originated in the subicular fields caudally. In contrast, labeled neurons which innervated orbital cortices were considerably more focal, emanating from the same relative position within a field throughout the rostrocaudal extent of the hippocampal formation. In ma ...
Latest Findings in the Mechanisms of Cortical `Arousal`: `Enabling
... the medical sense of being conscious of ones surroundings. While REM and waking states share some commonalities in terms of "phenomenal" experiences – "The dream seemed so real!" –, there are many "access" differences between REM and waking that affect the quality of the "phenomenal" experiences. So ...
... the medical sense of being conscious of ones surroundings. While REM and waking states share some commonalities in terms of "phenomenal" experiences – "The dream seemed so real!" –, there are many "access" differences between REM and waking that affect the quality of the "phenomenal" experiences. So ...
CONTROL OF RESPIRATION
... Respiratory Centers ‘Summary’ • Inspiratory center [DRG] – Inspiration (Pre-Botzinger complex, generates respiratory rhythm) • Expiratory center [VRG] – used during active/ forced Expiration • Pneumotaxic center – acts on inspiratory center to limit duration of inspiration,therefore regulates ins ...
... Respiratory Centers ‘Summary’ • Inspiratory center [DRG] – Inspiration (Pre-Botzinger complex, generates respiratory rhythm) • Expiratory center [VRG] – used during active/ forced Expiration • Pneumotaxic center – acts on inspiratory center to limit duration of inspiration,therefore regulates ins ...
hap6 - WordPress.com
... receptors that are stimulated by the neurotransmitter An action potential is started in the dendrite Slide 7.21 ...
... receptors that are stimulated by the neurotransmitter An action potential is started in the dendrite Slide 7.21 ...
Computational Constraints that may have Favoured the Lamination
... These patterns can be stored on recurrent collaterals in the cortex, and such memory can help substantially in the analysis of current sensory input. The simulation of a simplified network model demonstrates that a non-laminated patch of cortex must compromise between transmitting “where” informatio ...
... These patterns can be stored on recurrent collaterals in the cortex, and such memory can help substantially in the analysis of current sensory input. The simulation of a simplified network model demonstrates that a non-laminated patch of cortex must compromise between transmitting “where” informatio ...
asgn2a -- NERVOUS SYSTEM - Indiana University Bloomington
... (physicians who specialize in brain diseases) and psychologists have shown that through wires connected to an lesions (~damage) in different brain areas produce different disturbances in electrode in its hypothalamus. mental and behavioral function, as illustrated in Figure 4-2a. Link to the a websi ...
... (physicians who specialize in brain diseases) and psychologists have shown that through wires connected to an lesions (~damage) in different brain areas produce different disturbances in electrode in its hypothalamus. mental and behavioral function, as illustrated in Figure 4-2a. Link to the a websi ...
Chapter 15
... What cranial nerve is involved? What kind of a visual problem would this patient have? What can the patient do to compensate for the visual problem? Will this condition persist? In the long run, how will the brain compensate for this problem? Is it probable that the same lesion resulted in the visua ...
... What cranial nerve is involved? What kind of a visual problem would this patient have? What can the patient do to compensate for the visual problem? Will this condition persist? In the long run, how will the brain compensate for this problem? Is it probable that the same lesion resulted in the visua ...
Oxytocin Influence on the Nucleus of the Solitary Tract
... signaling from the viscera to CNS may play an important predisposing role in anxiety disorders (Watkins et al., 1998). The NTS receives afferent signals from viscera and immune system and transmits them to forebrain regions, such as the basal forebrain, a structure involved in regulating cortical pr ...
... signaling from the viscera to CNS may play an important predisposing role in anxiety disorders (Watkins et al., 1998). The NTS receives afferent signals from viscera and immune system and transmits them to forebrain regions, such as the basal forebrain, a structure involved in regulating cortical pr ...
Specific Projection of the Sensory Crypt Cells in
... 2000). Their ovoid shape and location within the apical layer of the olfactory epithelium make them easily distinguishable in both retrograde tracing experiments and TEM. Such cells can also be seen in scanning electron microscopy (SEM), in preparations of which lamellae are broken. However, we were ...
... 2000). Their ovoid shape and location within the apical layer of the olfactory epithelium make them easily distinguishable in both retrograde tracing experiments and TEM. Such cells can also be seen in scanning electron microscopy (SEM), in preparations of which lamellae are broken. However, we were ...
The Mirror System, Imitation, and the Evolution of Language
... Imitation involves, in part, seeing the instructor's dance as set of familiar movements of shoulders, arms, hands, belly and legs. Many constituents are variants of familiar actions, rather than familiar actions themselves. Thus one must not only observe actions and their composition, but also novel ...
... Imitation involves, in part, seeing the instructor's dance as set of familiar movements of shoulders, arms, hands, belly and legs. Many constituents are variants of familiar actions, rather than familiar actions themselves. Thus one must not only observe actions and their composition, but also novel ...
Orcokinin peptides in developing and adult crustacean
... desorption/ionization source, and positive-ion mass spectra were acquired using both linear and reflectron modes. Each representative mass spectrum shown is the smoothed average of 128 –256 laser pulses. Mass calibration was performed externally using a mixture of synthetic peptide standards (PE Bio ...
... desorption/ionization source, and positive-ion mass spectra were acquired using both linear and reflectron modes. Each representative mass spectrum shown is the smoothed average of 128 –256 laser pulses. Mass calibration was performed externally using a mixture of synthetic peptide standards (PE Bio ...
Modulation of brain activity by electrical stimulation and external
... examinations of patients with PD or Huntington disease. These examinations revealed pathological changes in the basal ganglia, which are believed to be the most important factor for the development of these diseases. The basal ganglia consist of four nuclei that lie deep within the brain, below the ...
... examinations of patients with PD or Huntington disease. These examinations revealed pathological changes in the basal ganglia, which are believed to be the most important factor for the development of these diseases. The basal ganglia consist of four nuclei that lie deep within the brain, below the ...
Synchronisation hubs in the visual cortex may arise from strong
... Neurons in the visual cortex exhibit heterogeneity in feature selectivity and the tendency to generate action potentials synchronously with other nearby neurons. By examining visual responses from cat area 17 we found that, during gamma oscillations, there was a positive correlation between each uni ...
... Neurons in the visual cortex exhibit heterogeneity in feature selectivity and the tendency to generate action potentials synchronously with other nearby neurons. By examining visual responses from cat area 17 we found that, during gamma oscillations, there was a positive correlation between each uni ...
Unit 1 SPPA 342
... According to Adamovich, Henderson, and Auerbach, (1984) as many as 400,000 head injuries occur in the United States each year. The severity of head injury has generally been classified as mild, moderate and severe. Mild head injury has been defined as concussion, while severe head injury means being ...
... According to Adamovich, Henderson, and Auerbach, (1984) as many as 400,000 head injuries occur in the United States each year. The severity of head injury has generally been classified as mild, moderate and severe. Mild head injury has been defined as concussion, while severe head injury means being ...
Document
... Research in Dr. Jaffe’s lab focuses on the hippocampal formation; a brain region important for certain aspects of learning and memory. It is also one of the first brain structures affected by Alzheimer's disease and medial temporal lobe epilepsy arises in the hippocampus, among other brain structure ...
... Research in Dr. Jaffe’s lab focuses on the hippocampal formation; a brain region important for certain aspects of learning and memory. It is also one of the first brain structures affected by Alzheimer's disease and medial temporal lobe epilepsy arises in the hippocampus, among other brain structure ...
Caffeine promotes glutamate and histamine release in the posterior
... Immunostaining of Adenosine Deaminase and c-Fos After 1 wk of handling, a separate group of rats was given caffeine intraperitoneally (25 mg/kg in 1 ml of sterile saline, n ⫽ 4) at 12:00 PM. A control group was similarly handled and received an equal volume of saline (n ⫽ 3). Ninety minutes after ca ...
... Immunostaining of Adenosine Deaminase and c-Fos After 1 wk of handling, a separate group of rats was given caffeine intraperitoneally (25 mg/kg in 1 ml of sterile saline, n ⫽ 4) at 12:00 PM. A control group was similarly handled and received an equal volume of saline (n ⫽ 3). Ninety minutes after ca ...
On the relevance of time in neural computation and learning
... (B) are wrong for all biological neural systems. There exists a large variety of di*erent biological neural systems, and some may very well satisfy Assumption (A) or (B). For example, recent recordings from the olfactory system of the locust demonstrate the existence of a stimulus-evoked oscillation ...
... (B) are wrong for all biological neural systems. There exists a large variety of di*erent biological neural systems, and some may very well satisfy Assumption (A) or (B). For example, recent recordings from the olfactory system of the locust demonstrate the existence of a stimulus-evoked oscillation ...
Fig. 2 - eNeuro
... M), which specifically binds with nicotinic receptors at the tadpole neuromuscular junctions (Li et al., 2004b; Li et al., 2014). After immobilization with ␣-bungarotoxin, the tadpole was re-pinned in the dissection bath and further cuts were made to remove ependymal cells from the inside of the hi ...
... M), which specifically binds with nicotinic receptors at the tadpole neuromuscular junctions (Li et al., 2004b; Li et al., 2014). After immobilization with ␣-bungarotoxin, the tadpole was re-pinned in the dissection bath and further cuts were made to remove ependymal cells from the inside of the hi ...