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... uninterrupted into the caudal part of the hindbrain, and since this caudal part of the hindbrain is needed for generating sustained locomotion (Li et al., 2006), we have included it in what we refer to as the spinal cord connectome. To model the connectome of the young tadpole spinal cord, we have u ...
... uninterrupted into the caudal part of the hindbrain, and since this caudal part of the hindbrain is needed for generating sustained locomotion (Li et al., 2006), we have included it in what we refer to as the spinal cord connectome. To model the connectome of the young tadpole spinal cord, we have u ...
Autonomic Nervous System
... • AKA craniosacral division Long preganglionic fibers synapse in terminal or intramural ganglia (w/in wall of effector) ...
... • AKA craniosacral division Long preganglionic fibers synapse in terminal or intramural ganglia (w/in wall of effector) ...
Dopaminergic Transmission and Wake
... but little is known about them with regards to control of the sleep-wake cycle. One study suggested increased activity of the A11 cell group during REM sleep deprivation suggesting they are wake-active (Leger et al. 2010). Dopaminecontaining neurons are also located in the retina and olfactory bulb. ...
... but little is known about them with regards to control of the sleep-wake cycle. One study suggested increased activity of the A11 cell group during REM sleep deprivation suggesting they are wake-active (Leger et al. 2010). Dopaminecontaining neurons are also located in the retina and olfactory bulb. ...
Regional and laminar distribution of the vesicular glutamate
... parabelt region. This density gradient reflects progressive reductions in both staining density and width of the IIIb/IV band along the core–belt–parabelt axis. Although the functional significance of these anatomical gradients is not well understood, it is reasonable to suppose that they contribute t ...
... parabelt region. This density gradient reflects progressive reductions in both staining density and width of the IIIb/IV band along the core–belt–parabelt axis. Although the functional significance of these anatomical gradients is not well understood, it is reasonable to suppose that they contribute t ...
Position of Larval Tapeworms, Polypocephalus sp., in the Ganglia of
... 2009). Thus, this shrimp-tapeworm system is a potential case of parasite-induced trophic transmission (Lafferty 1999). How tapeworms influence the shrimps’ behavior is not clear, but given that specific functions often are localized in particular regions of the nervous system, it is reasonable to hy ...
... 2009). Thus, this shrimp-tapeworm system is a potential case of parasite-induced trophic transmission (Lafferty 1999). How tapeworms influence the shrimps’ behavior is not clear, but given that specific functions often are localized in particular regions of the nervous system, it is reasonable to hy ...
Stereotyped responses of Drosophila peptidergic neuronal
... behavior? Molecules called neuropeptides are thought to play a key role in these decisions. Neuropeptides are produced by organs throughout the body and also by the nervous system itself. When neuropeptides act on neurons responsible for a particular behavior – such as feeding – they can inform thos ...
... behavior? Molecules called neuropeptides are thought to play a key role in these decisions. Neuropeptides are produced by organs throughout the body and also by the nervous system itself. When neuropeptides act on neurons responsible for a particular behavior – such as feeding – they can inform thos ...
Chapter 2
... nucleus and surrounding structures differ in this regard. One way to address the possible functional differences is through the study of IC microanatomy, our second topic. Within the central nucleus the microanatomical arrangements suggest that the inputs may create modules with specific combination ...
... nucleus and surrounding structures differ in this regard. One way to address the possible functional differences is through the study of IC microanatomy, our second topic. Within the central nucleus the microanatomical arrangements suggest that the inputs may create modules with specific combination ...
Sir Charles Scott Sherrington English Neurophysiologist 1857
... Sir Charles Scott Sherrington was an English neurophysiologist who was instrumental in researching the role and function of reflexes. If fact, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1932 for “discoveries regarding the functions of neurons.” Born in London in 1857, Sherrington’s ...
... Sir Charles Scott Sherrington was an English neurophysiologist who was instrumental in researching the role and function of reflexes. If fact, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1932 for “discoveries regarding the functions of neurons.” Born in London in 1857, Sherrington’s ...
Towards the integration of neural mechanisms and cognition in
... neural circuits and the robot; it is the control interface and it implements how the neural activity is translated in actuation. The Neural lattice layer is the brain model and it is fairly composed by at least two sublayers: the neural circuits and the cognition. The neural circuits layer contains ...
... neural circuits and the robot; it is the control interface and it implements how the neural activity is translated in actuation. The Neural lattice layer is the brain model and it is fairly composed by at least two sublayers: the neural circuits and the cognition. The neural circuits layer contains ...
Local Field Potentials Related to Bimanual Movements in the
... We recorded local field potentials (LFP) in primary (MI) and supplementary (SMA) motor areas of rhesus monkey cortex in order to compare movement-evoked LFP (meLFP) in bimanual and unimanual movements with single unit activity recorded concurrently. The meLFP, like the single units, was often differ ...
... We recorded local field potentials (LFP) in primary (MI) and supplementary (SMA) motor areas of rhesus monkey cortex in order to compare movement-evoked LFP (meLFP) in bimanual and unimanual movements with single unit activity recorded concurrently. The meLFP, like the single units, was often differ ...
Chapter 14 - MDC Faculty Home Pages
... • Motor (descending) pathways – Control effectors such as skeletal muscles – Start in brain and include at least two neurons o Upper motor neuron in motor cortex, cerebral nucleus or brainstem nucleus; contacts lower motor neuron o Lower motor neuron in cranial nerve nucleus or spinal cord anterior ...
... • Motor (descending) pathways – Control effectors such as skeletal muscles – Start in brain and include at least two neurons o Upper motor neuron in motor cortex, cerebral nucleus or brainstem nucleus; contacts lower motor neuron o Lower motor neuron in cranial nerve nucleus or spinal cord anterior ...
Vertical Organization of r=Aminobutyric Acid
... Figure 2. Photomicrographs of a [3H]GABA injection and retrograde cell labeling in motor cortex of a monkey pretreated with amino-oxyacetic acid. The injection of [3H]GABA is in layers I to IIIA (A). Many labeled cells are found around the injection and, at some distance, in layer V. Bar = 200 pm. / ...
... Figure 2. Photomicrographs of a [3H]GABA injection and retrograde cell labeling in motor cortex of a monkey pretreated with amino-oxyacetic acid. The injection of [3H]GABA is in layers I to IIIA (A). Many labeled cells are found around the injection and, at some distance, in layer V. Bar = 200 pm. / ...
High baseline activity in inferior temporal cortex
... Spontaneous firing is a ubiquitous property of neural activity in the brain. Recent literature suggests that this baseline activity plays a key role in perception. However, it is not known how the baseline activity contributes to neural coding and behavior. Here, by recording from the single neurons ...
... Spontaneous firing is a ubiquitous property of neural activity in the brain. Recent literature suggests that this baseline activity plays a key role in perception. However, it is not known how the baseline activity contributes to neural coding and behavior. Here, by recording from the single neurons ...
FOREFRONT REVIEW WHAT IS THE MAMMALIAN DENTATE GYRUS GOOD FOR?
... zinc, that appear to duplicate, in terms of the information they convey, what CA3 cells already receive from entorhinal cortex layer II cells, which project both to the DG and to CA3. Computational models have hypothesized that the function of the MF is to enforce a new, well-separated pattern of ac ...
... zinc, that appear to duplicate, in terms of the information they convey, what CA3 cells already receive from entorhinal cortex layer II cells, which project both to the DG and to CA3. Computational models have hypothesized that the function of the MF is to enforce a new, well-separated pattern of ac ...
Brain Part
... In most people, the left hemisphere is dominant. b. The other hemisphere (non-dominant) controls orientation in space, art and musical appreciation and emotions. Memory Memory is the consequence of learning. Whereas learning is the acquisition of new knowledge, memory is the persistence of that lear ...
... In most people, the left hemisphere is dominant. b. The other hemisphere (non-dominant) controls orientation in space, art and musical appreciation and emotions. Memory Memory is the consequence of learning. Whereas learning is the acquisition of new knowledge, memory is the persistence of that lear ...
Spike Train SIMilarity Space (SSIMS): A Framework for Single
... the deletion of a spike, or the shifting of a spike in time. Each of these operations is assigned a cost; the distance between the two spike trains is defined as the (minimum) summed cost of the operations needed to transform one into the other. The cost of spike insertion or deletion is set to 1, w ...
... the deletion of a spike, or the shifting of a spike in time. Each of these operations is assigned a cost; the distance between the two spike trains is defined as the (minimum) summed cost of the operations needed to transform one into the other. The cost of spike insertion or deletion is set to 1, w ...
Implications on visual apperception: energy, duration
... equilibrium (Qian and Beard, 2005) that make possible to pick up extreme weak different information from the outside world. The sensory systems, which are results of nonlinear biochemical processes of cells, have extreme sensitivity to pick up diverse information from the external world. Blindsight ...
... equilibrium (Qian and Beard, 2005) that make possible to pick up extreme weak different information from the outside world. The sensory systems, which are results of nonlinear biochemical processes of cells, have extreme sensitivity to pick up diverse information from the external world. Blindsight ...
Thalamic POm projections to the dorsolateral striatum of rats
... In all experiments, a data acquisition system (SciWorks, ver. 6.0; DataWave Technologies, Broomfield, CO) provided on-line ECoG displays to indicate the anesthetic state of the rat (Friedberg 1999). Activity recorded from the dural surface of the frontal cortex was amplified, filtered (0.3–300 Hz), ...
... In all experiments, a data acquisition system (SciWorks, ver. 6.0; DataWave Technologies, Broomfield, CO) provided on-line ECoG displays to indicate the anesthetic state of the rat (Friedberg 1999). Activity recorded from the dural surface of the frontal cortex was amplified, filtered (0.3–300 Hz), ...
Pathophysiology of Paresthesia
... nerves sprouting from dorsal root ganglia, whereas C fibers make up to almost 20% of the primary afferents. Moreover, the activation threshold of Aδ fibers is higher than that of C fibers. On the molecular level, specific receptor distribution seems to be important for the various functions of senso ...
... nerves sprouting from dorsal root ganglia, whereas C fibers make up to almost 20% of the primary afferents. Moreover, the activation threshold of Aδ fibers is higher than that of C fibers. On the molecular level, specific receptor distribution seems to be important for the various functions of senso ...
Arterial Blood Supply to the Auditory Cortex of the Chinchilla
... tion of all major cerebral arteries, as shown in Fig. 2. Viewed from the ventral direction (lower panel), the anatomy of the arterial circle and its associated major vessels can be seen. The general plan (from caudal to rostral) of vertebral arteries converging to form the basilar artery, which in t ...
... tion of all major cerebral arteries, as shown in Fig. 2. Viewed from the ventral direction (lower panel), the anatomy of the arterial circle and its associated major vessels can be seen. The general plan (from caudal to rostral) of vertebral arteries converging to form the basilar artery, which in t ...
Relative timing: from behaviour to neurons
... In addition to interpreting our sensory environment, encoding relative timing is critical for higher cognitive functions. An important example is our ability to draw causal inferences. In assessing whether two events might be ‘cause’ and ‘effect’, the philosopher David Hume proposed eight criteria, ...
... In addition to interpreting our sensory environment, encoding relative timing is critical for higher cognitive functions. An important example is our ability to draw causal inferences. In assessing whether two events might be ‘cause’ and ‘effect’, the philosopher David Hume proposed eight criteria, ...
Cytoarchitecture of the canine perirhinal and postrhinal cortex
... have shown that the perirhinal cortex has numerous reciprocal connections with a number of cortical areas in the temporal, parietal, occipital and frontal cortex, both sensory and associative in function. Thus, it is a site of polymodal convergence where particular sensory systems can be introduced ...
... have shown that the perirhinal cortex has numerous reciprocal connections with a number of cortical areas in the temporal, parietal, occipital and frontal cortex, both sensory and associative in function. Thus, it is a site of polymodal convergence where particular sensory systems can be introduced ...
NMDA Receptors Contribute to Primary Visceral Afferent
... that very likely affect many NTS neurons. Thus although microinjection studies provide crucial data regarding the functional significance of non-NMDA and NMDA receptors on NTS neurons for full expression of various autonomic reflex responses, they cannot determine with certainty the extent to which ...
... that very likely affect many NTS neurons. Thus although microinjection studies provide crucial data regarding the functional significance of non-NMDA and NMDA receptors on NTS neurons for full expression of various autonomic reflex responses, they cannot determine with certainty the extent to which ...
Hypocretin-2-Saporin Lesions of the Lateral Hypothalamus Produce
... determine whether there was a change in the amplitude of the diurnal rhythm of sleep, the ratio of sleep during the light-on period versus the light-off period was calculated (Table 1). ␦ power (0.5– 4 Hz) was calculated using the ICELUS software system (M. Opp, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, M ...
... determine whether there was a change in the amplitude of the diurnal rhythm of sleep, the ratio of sleep during the light-on period versus the light-off period was calculated (Table 1). ␦ power (0.5– 4 Hz) was calculated using the ICELUS software system (M. Opp, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, M ...
Tenascin-C Contains Distinct Adhesive, Anti
... carboxy-terminal fibrinogen homology region TNfog using recombinant proteins (Spring et al., 1989; Prieto et al., 1992, 1993; Aukhil et al., 1993; Joshi et al., 1993). In contrast, anti-adhesive activities for flbroblasts have been mapped to the EGF-type repeats (TNegf) and TNfn7-8 (Spring et al., 1 ...
... carboxy-terminal fibrinogen homology region TNfog using recombinant proteins (Spring et al., 1989; Prieto et al., 1992, 1993; Aukhil et al., 1993; Joshi et al., 1993). In contrast, anti-adhesive activities for flbroblasts have been mapped to the EGF-type repeats (TNegf) and TNfn7-8 (Spring et al., 1 ...