elaboration, remodeling and spatial organization of
... Identification of a small fourfold dendritic domain in the adult calyx Through analysis of series of coronal focal planes, we further identify a small fourfold spatial domain that receives dendritic inputs from all of the four MB clones at the adult stage (arrows in Fig. 2C, parts g,h). This unique ...
... Identification of a small fourfold dendritic domain in the adult calyx Through analysis of series of coronal focal planes, we further identify a small fourfold spatial domain that receives dendritic inputs from all of the four MB clones at the adult stage (arrows in Fig. 2C, parts g,h). This unique ...
A computational model of action selection in the basal ganglia. I. A
... using the terms `down state' and `up state', respectively, for these two modes of operation (Wilson 1995). The anatomical context of the basal ganglia is shown in Fig. 1b. Its principle input nuclei (striatum and STN) receive aerents from virtually the entire cerebral cortex, from the mid-line and ...
... using the terms `down state' and `up state', respectively, for these two modes of operation (Wilson 1995). The anatomical context of the basal ganglia is shown in Fig. 1b. Its principle input nuclei (striatum and STN) receive aerents from virtually the entire cerebral cortex, from the mid-line and ...
Chapter 29 - krigolson teaching
... much of the visual scene is ordinarily blurred by the speed of eye movement. But why does the blur not reach consciousness? Two underlying mechanisms in combination probably account for this perceptual omission. The first mechanism is visual masking, which is the effect one image has on another when ...
... much of the visual scene is ordinarily blurred by the speed of eye movement. But why does the blur not reach consciousness? Two underlying mechanisms in combination probably account for this perceptual omission. The first mechanism is visual masking, which is the effect one image has on another when ...
Laminar Differences in Dendritic Structure of Pyramidal Neurons in
... less spinous, than those of the granular prefrontal cortex (Lund et al. 1993; Elston et al. 2001; Jacobs et al. 2001; Elston and Rockland 2002; Elston et al. 2011; Bianchi et al. 2013; Oga et al. 2013). Regional variations in pyramidal cell structure have also been reported in mice, although a lower ...
... less spinous, than those of the granular prefrontal cortex (Lund et al. 1993; Elston et al. 2001; Jacobs et al. 2001; Elston and Rockland 2002; Elston et al. 2011; Bianchi et al. 2013; Oga et al. 2013). Regional variations in pyramidal cell structure have also been reported in mice, although a lower ...
View PDF - MRC Brain Network Dynamics Unit
... running Spike2 acquisition and analysis software (version 4; Cambridge Electronic Design, Cambridge, UK). Data from the recording session were first scrutinized for ECG and respiration artifacts. LFP data contaminated with ECG artifact were rejected. The occasional influence of a respiration artifac ...
... running Spike2 acquisition and analysis software (version 4; Cambridge Electronic Design, Cambridge, UK). Data from the recording session were first scrutinized for ECG and respiration artifacts. LFP data contaminated with ECG artifact were rejected. The occasional influence of a respiration artifac ...
as a PDF
... and POMC/CART neurons project to neighboring hypothalamic areas that control feeding and autonomic function, including the paraventricular nucleus and lateral hypothalamic area. Neurons located in these “downstream” areas process input from the ARC and appear to play a key role to transduce this inp ...
... and POMC/CART neurons project to neighboring hypothalamic areas that control feeding and autonomic function, including the paraventricular nucleus and lateral hypothalamic area. Neurons located in these “downstream” areas process input from the ARC and appear to play a key role to transduce this inp ...
Tutorial on Pattern Classification in Cell Recording
... information about different experimental conditions in order to better understand how the brain processes information. These procedures and algorithms are extensively used to quantitatively examine the responses of populations of neurons at the neurophysiological level (e.g., chapters 2, 3, 7, 10, 2 ...
... information about different experimental conditions in order to better understand how the brain processes information. These procedures and algorithms are extensively used to quantitatively examine the responses of populations of neurons at the neurophysiological level (e.g., chapters 2, 3, 7, 10, 2 ...
Gating of Sensory Input by Spontaneous Cortical Activity
... The cc measure. To quantify the fine temporal relationship between a neuron and population activity, we assessed the asymmetry of the spiketriggered MUA using a previously described measure, cc, defined as the mean spike time of spike-triggered MUA within a 100 ms time window, which is equivalent ...
... The cc measure. To quantify the fine temporal relationship between a neuron and population activity, we assessed the asymmetry of the spiketriggered MUA using a previously described measure, cc, defined as the mean spike time of spike-triggered MUA within a 100 ms time window, which is equivalent ...
Chapter 15
... • how can different autonomic neurons have different effects? constricting some vessels but dilating others – effects determined by types of neurotransmitters released and types of receptors found on target cells ...
... • how can different autonomic neurons have different effects? constricting some vessels but dilating others – effects determined by types of neurotransmitters released and types of receptors found on target cells ...
Interspike Intervals, Receptive Fields, and Information Encoding in
... To more prominently display the short-ISI features, we plot the same standard ISIH on a logarithmic time scale (Fig. 1, middle panel ). The similar shape of the initial peak and the differential secondary decay are clearly evident in this plot, as well. However, because the binning is relatively coa ...
... To more prominently display the short-ISI features, we plot the same standard ISIH on a logarithmic time scale (Fig. 1, middle panel ). The similar shape of the initial peak and the differential secondary decay are clearly evident in this plot, as well. However, because the binning is relatively coa ...
Stephen Hawking
... urged him to see a doctor. At age 21, Hawking was diagnosed with ALS. During the 1960’s his health worsened leading him to use crutches, he slowly lost the ability to write, and in 1969 he was confined to a wheelchair. In 1985, Hawking caught pneumonia and required tracheotomy, and would never speak ...
... urged him to see a doctor. At age 21, Hawking was diagnosed with ALS. During the 1960’s his health worsened leading him to use crutches, he slowly lost the ability to write, and in 1969 he was confined to a wheelchair. In 1985, Hawking caught pneumonia and required tracheotomy, and would never speak ...
Mental Set Alters Visibility of Moving Targets Mental Set
... the subject being informed before each block of the condition to follow. This alternation ensured that any systematic long-term effects (such as fatigue) would affect certainty and uncertainty trials to the same degree. To optimize the observer's performance (5), feedback was provided after each cor ...
... the subject being informed before each block of the condition to follow. This alternation ensured that any systematic long-term effects (such as fatigue) would affect certainty and uncertainty trials to the same degree. To optimize the observer's performance (5), feedback was provided after each cor ...
Neural Oscillations
... Oscillations allow to synchronize neurons across multiple brain regions: – Modulatory systems that set oscillatory patterns project to many brain areas simultaneously Oscillation-based models allow to consider individual spikes rather than firing rates: – Randomness is reduced or eliminated by synch ...
... Oscillations allow to synchronize neurons across multiple brain regions: – Modulatory systems that set oscillatory patterns project to many brain areas simultaneously Oscillation-based models allow to consider individual spikes rather than firing rates: – Randomness is reduced or eliminated by synch ...
Poster Example
... The study of neuron-specific factors requires pure neuronal cultures. However, the absence of glia can affect the physiology of neurons negatively. This study compared three different treatments of neuronal cultures in order to find a treatment that reversed the deleterious effects of removing glia ...
... The study of neuron-specific factors requires pure neuronal cultures. However, the absence of glia can affect the physiology of neurons negatively. This study compared three different treatments of neuronal cultures in order to find a treatment that reversed the deleterious effects of removing glia ...
Impact of prefrontal cortex in nicotine
... Mansvelder and McGehee, 2000; Mansvelder et al., 2002). Because the interaction between the VTA and other brain regions is interrupted in brain slices, studies in a more intact in vivo system are needed. Emerging evidence demonstrates that the mPFC plays an important role in controlling VTA DA neuro ...
... Mansvelder and McGehee, 2000; Mansvelder et al., 2002). Because the interaction between the VTA and other brain regions is interrupted in brain slices, studies in a more intact in vivo system are needed. Emerging evidence demonstrates that the mPFC plays an important role in controlling VTA DA neuro ...
Spinal Cord Motor Activity
... unit activity is the Golgi tendon organ. Golgi tendon organs are encapsulated endings located at the junction of the muscle and tendon. Each tendon organ is related to a single group Ib sensory axon (the Ib axons are slightly smaller than the Ia axons that innervate the muscle spindles). In contrast ...
... unit activity is the Golgi tendon organ. Golgi tendon organs are encapsulated endings located at the junction of the muscle and tendon. Each tendon organ is related to a single group Ib sensory axon (the Ib axons are slightly smaller than the Ia axons that innervate the muscle spindles). In contrast ...
Review The Neural Basis of Perceptual Learning
... encode more complex stimulus features, that such features can be encoded at earlier stages in sensory processing, or some combination of the two. The dependence of learning on position and orientation, which argues for the involvement of early cortical stages in visual processing, may seem to confli ...
... encode more complex stimulus features, that such features can be encoded at earlier stages in sensory processing, or some combination of the two. The dependence of learning on position and orientation, which argues for the involvement of early cortical stages in visual processing, may seem to confli ...
Effective connectivity of the subthalamic nucleus
... monoaminergic and other inputs with functions that are poorly understood. Although dopaminergic inputs to basal ganglia–thalamocortical circuits are important for controlling the activity patterns therein (Hammond et al. 2007), we did not include the connections of midbrain dopaminergic neurons in o ...
... monoaminergic and other inputs with functions that are poorly understood. Although dopaminergic inputs to basal ganglia–thalamocortical circuits are important for controlling the activity patterns therein (Hammond et al. 2007), we did not include the connections of midbrain dopaminergic neurons in o ...
Researchers inch closer to causes, cures for insomnia, narcolepsy
... It may signal the body to mistakenly kill orexin neurons too. “It makes sense disorders will undoubtedly lead to better that these cells die due to some kind of therapies, and maybe even preventions. inflammation,” says Aran, who collabo- More than that, though, scientists may rated with Mignot on t ...
... It may signal the body to mistakenly kill orexin neurons too. “It makes sense disorders will undoubtedly lead to better that these cells die due to some kind of therapies, and maybe even preventions. inflammation,” says Aran, who collabo- More than that, though, scientists may rated with Mignot on t ...
Region Specific Micromodularity in the Uppermost Layers in Primate
... In our preceeding rodent study (Ichinohe et al., 2003b), in order to visualize micromodularity at the border of layers 1 and 2, we used zinc, PV, MAP2 (for dendrites) and GABA receptor type A α1 subunit (GABAaα1; also for dendrites), VGluT2 (for TC terminations), glutamate receptor 2 and 3 (GluR2/3) ...
... In our preceeding rodent study (Ichinohe et al., 2003b), in order to visualize micromodularity at the border of layers 1 and 2, we used zinc, PV, MAP2 (for dendrites) and GABA receptor type A α1 subunit (GABAaα1; also for dendrites), VGluT2 (for TC terminations), glutamate receptor 2 and 3 (GluR2/3) ...
Sleep Mar 19 2013x - Lakehead University
... Synchronous activity: when a group of cells are simultaneously excited and the “mini” individual signals summate to generate one large surface signal Irregular activity: when a group of cells receives the same amount of excitation but do not respond simultaneously the summation does not amount to mu ...
... Synchronous activity: when a group of cells are simultaneously excited and the “mini” individual signals summate to generate one large surface signal Irregular activity: when a group of cells receives the same amount of excitation but do not respond simultaneously the summation does not amount to mu ...
The role of neuronal synchronization in selective attention
... change had occurred. This finding suggests that the processing or the signalling of a sensory change is more efficient when it is handled by an area that is engaged in enhanced gamma-band synchronization [6]. Importantly, the influence of local synchronization of behavioural responses was spatiall ...
... change had occurred. This finding suggests that the processing or the signalling of a sensory change is more efficient when it is handled by an area that is engaged in enhanced gamma-band synchronization [6]. Importantly, the influence of local synchronization of behavioural responses was spatiall ...
Afferent Input to Nucleus Submedius in Rats
... chosen because of the ability to restrict the size and spread of the injections (Schmued and Fallon, 1986; Pieribone and Aston-Jones, 1988). Glass micropipettes with tip diameters of approximately 10 pm were used. In each case, Fluoro-Gold was iontophoretically injected using approximately 48 PA-min ...
... chosen because of the ability to restrict the size and spread of the injections (Schmued and Fallon, 1986; Pieribone and Aston-Jones, 1988). Glass micropipettes with tip diameters of approximately 10 pm were used. In each case, Fluoro-Gold was iontophoretically injected using approximately 48 PA-min ...