General Cortical and Special Prefrontal Connections: Principles
... and denser pathways emanate from neurons in the deep layers (5 and 6) of V2, and their axons terminate mostly in layer 1 of V1 (Rockland & Pandya 1979). These connections have been called feedforward and feedback, respectively, on the basis of direction in relation to the sensory periphery. Connecti ...
... and denser pathways emanate from neurons in the deep layers (5 and 6) of V2, and their axons terminate mostly in layer 1 of V1 (Rockland & Pandya 1979). These connections have been called feedforward and feedback, respectively, on the basis of direction in relation to the sensory periphery. Connecti ...
Complete morphologies of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons in
... extensive networks. Each neuron consists of a number of components: a cell body, which contains the nucleus; numerous short protrusions from the cell body called dendrites; and a long thin structure called an axon that carries the electrical signals generated in the cell body and the dendrites to th ...
... extensive networks. Each neuron consists of a number of components: a cell body, which contains the nucleus; numerous short protrusions from the cell body called dendrites; and a long thin structure called an axon that carries the electrical signals generated in the cell body and the dendrites to th ...
- D-Scholarship@Pitt
... the superficial SC from those inputs to the motor and multisensory layers deeper in the SC, two injections were placed to include the intermediate and deep layers of the SC. In another case, an injection was placed in the medial pulvinar, a nucleus not known to be strongly connected with visual cort ...
... the superficial SC from those inputs to the motor and multisensory layers deeper in the SC, two injections were placed to include the intermediate and deep layers of the SC. In another case, an injection was placed in the medial pulvinar, a nucleus not known to be strongly connected with visual cort ...
Emx1/2 and neocorticogenesis - Development
... The absence of the increase in cell number was, at first glance, dubious. Indeed, at E11.5, the number of cells present across the double mutant wall was nearly identical to that of wild type, but the number was approximately 60% that of the wild-type wall at E16.5 (Fig. 2B). This was most probably ...
... The absence of the increase in cell number was, at first glance, dubious. Indeed, at E11.5, the number of cells present across the double mutant wall was nearly identical to that of wild type, but the number was approximately 60% that of the wild-type wall at E16.5 (Fig. 2B). This was most probably ...
PNS and Reflexes
... Cerebellar and basal nuclei systems that: Regulate motor activity Precisely start or stop movements Coordinate movements with posture Block unwanted movements Monitor muscle tone ...
... Cerebellar and basal nuclei systems that: Regulate motor activity Precisely start or stop movements Coordinate movements with posture Block unwanted movements Monitor muscle tone ...
Visual Response Properties of Neurons in Four Extrastriate Visual
... estimated best value. When a unit responded well to a light- or dark-bar stimulus, the effect of varying the orientation and direction of a moving bar was studied first. The responses were displayed as they occurred on an oscilloscope as peristimulus time histograms. As soon as the five runs of the ...
... estimated best value. When a unit responded well to a light- or dark-bar stimulus, the effect of varying the orientation and direction of a moving bar was studied first. The responses were displayed as they occurred on an oscilloscope as peristimulus time histograms. As soon as the five runs of the ...
IBRO 2008
... feedforward cortical imprint of the local stimulus. The iso-orientation bias of remote cortical territories activated via long-range horizontal connectivity diminished progressively with ...
... feedforward cortical imprint of the local stimulus. The iso-orientation bias of remote cortical territories activated via long-range horizontal connectivity diminished progressively with ...
Neural Responses to Facial Expression and Face Identity in the
... MATLAB (The MathWorks, Natick, MA). Only trials in which the monkey maintained its gaze within the boundary of the stimulus images for the required time were included in the analysis. For each image presentation, two time intervals were considered: a baseline interval, 1 s immediately before the ons ...
... MATLAB (The MathWorks, Natick, MA). Only trials in which the monkey maintained its gaze within the boundary of the stimulus images for the required time were included in the analysis. For each image presentation, two time intervals were considered: a baseline interval, 1 s immediately before the ons ...
Mirror neuron functioning: an explanation for
... MNS (mirror neuron system) in human beings, for example with the use of functional magnetic resonance imaging. Iacoboni and colleagues (1999) performed an fMRI on subjects while they were watching someone else move their fingers and while performing finger movements of their own. During this action ...
... MNS (mirror neuron system) in human beings, for example with the use of functional magnetic resonance imaging. Iacoboni and colleagues (1999) performed an fMRI on subjects while they were watching someone else move their fingers and while performing finger movements of their own. During this action ...
BIo 218 Lecture Outline Tortora Ch18
... The spinal cord contains a core of gray matter, shaped like a butterfly when viewed in cross section, that is surrounded by white matter: a. the gray matter consists primarily of cell bodies of neurons, neuroglia, unmyelinated axons, and dendrites of interneurons and motor neurons b. the white matte ...
... The spinal cord contains a core of gray matter, shaped like a butterfly when viewed in cross section, that is surrounded by white matter: a. the gray matter consists primarily of cell bodies of neurons, neuroglia, unmyelinated axons, and dendrites of interneurons and motor neurons b. the white matte ...
Coincidence Detection or Temporal Integration?
... Alonso et al., 1996; Konig et al., 1996). Although some evidence indicates that synchronous excitation has a strong influence on the timing of cortical discharges (Softky and Koch, 1993; Stevens and Zador, 1998; Harsch and Robinson, 2000; Salinas and Sejnowski, 2000), other evidence suggests that co ...
... Alonso et al., 1996; Konig et al., 1996). Although some evidence indicates that synchronous excitation has a strong influence on the timing of cortical discharges (Softky and Koch, 1993; Stevens and Zador, 1998; Harsch and Robinson, 2000; Salinas and Sejnowski, 2000), other evidence suggests that co ...
Fine Gating Properties of Channels Responsible for Persistent
... only bursts of 10 ms in duration were selected for analysis (Fig. 1, arrows). This was done to exclude from our analysis late openings of brief duration that classical, fast Na channels can occasionally produce (Alzheimer et al., 1993). Analysis of Openings and Closings within Bursts ...
... only bursts of 10 ms in duration were selected for analysis (Fig. 1, arrows). This was done to exclude from our analysis late openings of brief duration that classical, fast Na channels can occasionally produce (Alzheimer et al., 1993). Analysis of Openings and Closings within Bursts ...
Column-Based Model of Electric Field Excitation of Cerebral Cortex
... TMS). The primary objective of the analysis was to determine the locations of the left hemisphere M1-hand response induced by TMS and that induced by finger movement both relative to sulcal anatomy and relative to standardized coordinates. A group SPI(z) (n ⫽ 11) was created for the finger-movement co ...
... TMS). The primary objective of the analysis was to determine the locations of the left hemisphere M1-hand response induced by TMS and that induced by finger movement both relative to sulcal anatomy and relative to standardized coordinates. A group SPI(z) (n ⫽ 11) was created for the finger-movement co ...
Module 5 – Spinal Cord and Peripheral Nerves The Spinal Cord
... o Lateral grey horns (thoracic and lumbar regions only) o Anterior (ventral) grey horns ...
... o Lateral grey horns (thoracic and lumbar regions only) o Anterior (ventral) grey horns ...
Contributions of cortical feedback to sensory processing in primary
... Given the fine-grained and retinotopic nature of V1, it is a candidate region for the maintenance of high-resolution information during working memory or reactivation during episodic memory. Spatially specific working memory representations in V1 have been demonstrated by the successful decoding of gr ...
... Given the fine-grained and retinotopic nature of V1, it is a candidate region for the maintenance of high-resolution information during working memory or reactivation during episodic memory. Spatially specific working memory representations in V1 have been demonstrated by the successful decoding of gr ...
May 21, 04copy.doc
... Pioneer studies on the adult monkey’s visual system showed that depriving visual input from one eye results in decreases of both GABA and its synthesizing enzyme GAD in the deprived cortical neurons (Hendry and Jones, 1986). In the SI cortex of adult rodents, similar effects of deprivation have been ...
... Pioneer studies on the adult monkey’s visual system showed that depriving visual input from one eye results in decreases of both GABA and its synthesizing enzyme GAD in the deprived cortical neurons (Hendry and Jones, 1986). In the SI cortex of adult rodents, similar effects of deprivation have been ...
Neural Integration I: Sensory Pathways and the Somatic Nervous
... efferent divisions of the nervous system, and explain what is meant by the somatic nervous system. • 15-2 Explain why receptors respond to specific stimuli, and how the organization of a receptor affects its sensitivity. • 15-3 Identify the receptors for the general senses, and describe how they fun ...
... efferent divisions of the nervous system, and explain what is meant by the somatic nervous system. • 15-2 Explain why receptors respond to specific stimuli, and how the organization of a receptor affects its sensitivity. • 15-3 Identify the receptors for the general senses, and describe how they fun ...
sympathetic division
... – megacolon – massive dilation of bowel accompanied by abdominal distension and chronic constipation ...
... – megacolon – massive dilation of bowel accompanied by abdominal distension and chronic constipation ...
Central circuitries for body temperature regulation and fever
... by increased skin blood flow through cutaneous vasodilation. Therefore, the thermosensory neural pathways from skin thermoreceptors to the POA are thought to mediate the feedforward signaling to elicit thermoregulatory responses to thermal disturbances from the environment (Fig. 1A) (64), as well as ...
... by increased skin blood flow through cutaneous vasodilation. Therefore, the thermosensory neural pathways from skin thermoreceptors to the POA are thought to mediate the feedforward signaling to elicit thermoregulatory responses to thermal disturbances from the environment (Fig. 1A) (64), as well as ...
Brainstem3_2009
... and inferior colliculus Superior olivary nucleus is also receiving input from contralateral cochlear nuclei Superior olivary nucleus projects to inferior colliculus Inferior colliculus projects to thalamus ...
... and inferior colliculus Superior olivary nucleus is also receiving input from contralateral cochlear nuclei Superior olivary nucleus projects to inferior colliculus Inferior colliculus projects to thalamus ...
Central circuitries for body temperature regulation and fever
... by increased skin blood flow through cutaneous vasodilation. Therefore, the thermosensory neural pathways from skin thermoreceptors to the POA are thought to mediate the feedforward signaling to elicit thermoregulatory responses to thermal disturbances from the environment (Fig. 1A) (64), as well as ...
... by increased skin blood flow through cutaneous vasodilation. Therefore, the thermosensory neural pathways from skin thermoreceptors to the POA are thought to mediate the feedforward signaling to elicit thermoregulatory responses to thermal disturbances from the environment (Fig. 1A) (64), as well as ...
Glycine Immunoreactivity of Multipolar Neurons in the Ventral
... and Young, 1980; Young et al., 1988). These local circuits, however, do not account for all of the response properties of DCN neurons. For example, type II units of the DCN are relatively unresponsive to broadband stimuli even when the stimuli contain energy within the excitatory response area of th ...
... and Young, 1980; Young et al., 1988). These local circuits, however, do not account for all of the response properties of DCN neurons. For example, type II units of the DCN are relatively unresponsive to broadband stimuli even when the stimuli contain energy within the excitatory response area of th ...