A Neurodynamical cortical model of visual attention and
... feature biases this competition in favour of neurons that respond to the location of or the features in the attended stimulus. This attentional effect is produced by generating signals in areas outside the visual cortical areas which are then fed back to extrastriate areas, where they bias the compet ...
... feature biases this competition in favour of neurons that respond to the location of or the features in the attended stimulus. This attentional effect is produced by generating signals in areas outside the visual cortical areas which are then fed back to extrastriate areas, where they bias the compet ...
Tenascin-C Contains Distinct Adhesive, Anti
... carboxy-terminal fibrinogen homology region TNfog using recombinant proteins (Spring et al., 1989; Prieto et al., 1992, 1993; Aukhil et al., 1993; Joshi et al., 1993). In contrast, anti-adhesive activities for flbroblasts have been mapped to the EGF-type repeats (TNegf) and TNfn7-8 (Spring et al., 1 ...
... carboxy-terminal fibrinogen homology region TNfog using recombinant proteins (Spring et al., 1989; Prieto et al., 1992, 1993; Aukhil et al., 1993; Joshi et al., 1993). In contrast, anti-adhesive activities for flbroblasts have been mapped to the EGF-type repeats (TNegf) and TNfn7-8 (Spring et al., 1 ...
Paper - Wharton Marketing
... a significant negative slope in 10 (average β = −0.09) and no signi ficant slope in the remainder (P > 0.05, n = 43, average β = 0.041). The 49 neurons with positive slopes constitute the focus of subsequent ana lyses (Supplementary Data 7 and Supplementary Figs. 7 and 8). We next performed the ...
... a significant negative slope in 10 (average β = −0.09) and no signi ficant slope in the remainder (P > 0.05, n = 43, average β = 0.041). The 49 neurons with positive slopes constitute the focus of subsequent ana lyses (Supplementary Data 7 and Supplementary Figs. 7 and 8). We next performed the ...
Local functions for FMRP in axon growth cone motility and activity
... (Fig. 3A), as done by others (Prange and Murphy, 2001), since it is difficult during this stage of development in culture (2 weeks) to unequivocally distinguish spines from filopodium based solely on morphologic criteria. This is because filopodia are abundant and many spines have an ambiguous morph ...
... (Fig. 3A), as done by others (Prange and Murphy, 2001), since it is difficult during this stage of development in culture (2 weeks) to unequivocally distinguish spines from filopodium based solely on morphologic criteria. This is because filopodia are abundant and many spines have an ambiguous morph ...
The NEURON Simulation Environment
... traces of prior synaptic activation. The firing rate is ~ i / τm if i >> 1 and τs >> τm. While IntFire2 can emulate a wide range of relationships between input pattern and firing rate, all inputs produce responses with the same kinetics regardless of whether they are excitatory or inhibitory. The fa ...
... traces of prior synaptic activation. The firing rate is ~ i / τm if i >> 1 and τs >> τm. While IntFire2 can emulate a wide range of relationships between input pattern and firing rate, all inputs produce responses with the same kinetics regardless of whether they are excitatory or inhibitory. The fa ...
Central mechanisms of osmosensation and systemic osmoregulation
... 15 minutes56. Osmoreceptors in these areas can therefore detect the osmotic strength of ingested materials and, through afferent connections to the CNS (FIG. 3), induce anticipatory responses that might buffer the potential impact of ingestion-related osmotic perturbations61. Indeed, water intake ca ...
... 15 minutes56. Osmoreceptors in these areas can therefore detect the osmotic strength of ingested materials and, through afferent connections to the CNS (FIG. 3), induce anticipatory responses that might buffer the potential impact of ingestion-related osmotic perturbations61. Indeed, water intake ca ...
Nervous System - Neuron and Nerve Impulse PowerPoint
... The Moving Impulse – A nerve impulse is self-propagating; that is, the flow of ions at the point of the impulse causes sodium channels just ahead of it to open. This allows the impulse to move rapidly along the axon. – The flow of an impulse can be compared to the fall of a row of dominoes. As each ...
... The Moving Impulse – A nerve impulse is self-propagating; that is, the flow of ions at the point of the impulse causes sodium channels just ahead of it to open. This allows the impulse to move rapidly along the axon. – The flow of an impulse can be compared to the fall of a row of dominoes. As each ...
A dendritic disinhibitory circuit mechanism for pathway
... istinct classes of inhibitory interneurons form cell-typespecific connections among themselves and with pyramidal neurons in the cortex1,2. Interneurons expressing parvalbumin (PV) specifically target the perisomatic area of pyramidal neurons. Interneurons expressing somatostatin (SOM) specifically tar ...
... istinct classes of inhibitory interneurons form cell-typespecific connections among themselves and with pyramidal neurons in the cortex1,2. Interneurons expressing parvalbumin (PV) specifically target the perisomatic area of pyramidal neurons. Interneurons expressing somatostatin (SOM) specifically tar ...
Cholinergic Deafferentation of the Entorhinal Cortex in Rats
... within-subjects replication of the effects of novel stimuli. Testing continued with each list of novel stimuli being reordered for each session and lists alternated each day over 8 additional days. A retest of the presurgical familiar odors was performed for one session. The following dependent meas ...
... within-subjects replication of the effects of novel stimuli. Testing continued with each list of novel stimuli being reordered for each session and lists alternated each day over 8 additional days. A retest of the presurgical familiar odors was performed for one session. The following dependent meas ...
Dopamine is produced in the rat spinal cord and regulates
... Fig. 1. Cartoon illustrating various urodynamic parameters measured during bladder cystometry. In both naïve (A) and complete SCI (B) rats, the voiding amplitudes of intravesical pressure (VA) are always calculated from the peak of voiding onset to the baseline of bladder activity. The voiding inter ...
... Fig. 1. Cartoon illustrating various urodynamic parameters measured during bladder cystometry. In both naïve (A) and complete SCI (B) rats, the voiding amplitudes of intravesical pressure (VA) are always calculated from the peak of voiding onset to the baseline of bladder activity. The voiding inter ...
PRIMARY VISUAL CORTEX NEURONS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO
... ends presented outside the CRF could not provide unambiguous global directional cues. Consequently, with this masking, the responses of the two neurons in Fig. 2 were statistically indistinguishable among the different global directions of the bar movement (1-ANOVA, P⬎0.05; gray curve with solid tri ...
... ends presented outside the CRF could not provide unambiguous global directional cues. Consequently, with this masking, the responses of the two neurons in Fig. 2 were statistically indistinguishable among the different global directions of the bar movement (1-ANOVA, P⬎0.05; gray curve with solid tri ...
Role of Feedforward and Feedback Projections in Figure
... (Polat et al., 1998). In contrast, when the flanked lines differ in their orientation or are not collinearly aligned suppression of neural activity to the target line is observed (Kapadia et al., 2000). For drifting gratings, surround influence is mainly suppressive and suppression tends to be stron ...
... (Polat et al., 1998). In contrast, when the flanked lines differ in their orientation or are not collinearly aligned suppression of neural activity to the target line is observed (Kapadia et al., 2000). For drifting gratings, surround influence is mainly suppressive and suppression tends to be stron ...
Early Neural Patterning •Neural induction
... -At embryonic day 14, the growth cone of motor neuron is finding its way to developing muscle mass -Within 4 hours, the ACh receptors (which are initially spread all over the muscle mass) reorganise themselves to form clusters underneath the axon process -At postnatal day 1, the motor endplate becom ...
... -At embryonic day 14, the growth cone of motor neuron is finding its way to developing muscle mass -Within 4 hours, the ACh receptors (which are initially spread all over the muscle mass) reorganise themselves to form clusters underneath the axon process -At postnatal day 1, the motor endplate becom ...
Feeding Stimulants Activate an Identified Dopaminergic Interneuron
... Multiple patterns of motor neuron activity responsible for the expression of distinct rhythmic oral behaviors are produced by the buccal CPG in Helisoma (Arnett 1996; Quinlan and Murphy 1996). The CPG is composed of three interactive interneuronal subunits, named S1, S2, and S3, that ...
... Multiple patterns of motor neuron activity responsible for the expression of distinct rhythmic oral behaviors are produced by the buccal CPG in Helisoma (Arnett 1996; Quinlan and Murphy 1996). The CPG is composed of three interactive interneuronal subunits, named S1, S2, and S3, that ...
MS word - University of Kentucky
... phase-out their response when the source of the stimulus (i.e. the CNS) continues the stimulation in an unchanged manner. Thus, they may fire a burst of signals initially, but quickly decrease their signals over time until no further signals are sent. In contrast, tonic-type neurons adapt slowly (if ...
... phase-out their response when the source of the stimulus (i.e. the CNS) continues the stimulation in an unchanged manner. Thus, they may fire a burst of signals initially, but quickly decrease their signals over time until no further signals are sent. In contrast, tonic-type neurons adapt slowly (if ...
Vertebrate brains and evolutionary connectomics: on the origins of
... of phylogeny? Are they shared between widely differing species and classes of vertebrates? In what ways have they changed over course of evolution in different species? To varying degrees of precision, these questions have been a recurrent theme among students of the evolution of brains for more tha ...
... of phylogeny? Are they shared between widely differing species and classes of vertebrates? In what ways have they changed over course of evolution in different species? To varying degrees of precision, these questions have been a recurrent theme among students of the evolution of brains for more tha ...
Otxl and Otx2 Define Layers and Regions in Developing Cerebral
... of pattern in addition to lamination. Each of these structures is also divided along the plane tangential to the pial surface into functionally distinct areas or regions. The cerebral cortex is composed of areas that subserve functions ranging from the processing of incoming sensory information to t ...
... of pattern in addition to lamination. Each of these structures is also divided along the plane tangential to the pial surface into functionally distinct areas or regions. The cerebral cortex is composed of areas that subserve functions ranging from the processing of incoming sensory information to t ...
Neuroimaging of cognitive functions in human parietal cortex Jody C
... network of areas responds more to overt saccades than covert attentional shifts [62]. Nevertheless, eye movement factors cannot account for all attentional activations in the parietal lobes. Foveal attention tasks that have little or no spatial component and do not involve the making, planning or su ...
... network of areas responds more to overt saccades than covert attentional shifts [62]. Nevertheless, eye movement factors cannot account for all attentional activations in the parietal lobes. Foveal attention tasks that have little or no spatial component and do not involve the making, planning or su ...
Hippocampus – Why is it studied so frequently?
... cortex. Entorhinal cortex The cells of the entorhinal cortex serve as the main interface between the hippocampus and other parts of the brain. There are four cellular (II, III, V and VI) and two acellular or plexiform (I and IV) layers. Layer II contains stellate cells grouped in clusters which caud ...
... cortex. Entorhinal cortex The cells of the entorhinal cortex serve as the main interface between the hippocampus and other parts of the brain. There are four cellular (II, III, V and VI) and two acellular or plexiform (I and IV) layers. Layer II contains stellate cells grouped in clusters which caud ...
Inhibition of central neurons is reduced following acoustic trauma
... the threshold audiogram, where the edge is defined as the center of the steepest-slope segment of the audiogram. For this calculation, the threshold functions in Fig. 1A were shifted to align them on the steepest slope. The shifted threshold functions are shown in Fig. 1B. Four of the experiments ha ...
... the threshold audiogram, where the edge is defined as the center of the steepest-slope segment of the audiogram. For this calculation, the threshold functions in Fig. 1A were shifted to align them on the steepest slope. The shifted threshold functions are shown in Fig. 1B. Four of the experiments ha ...
Study Guides/Part_4
... Example: left lesion- cannot generate any leftward conjugate eye movement (left eye is missing direct activation of LR); can generate rightward movements in right eye Intact convergence feeding directly into the oculomotor nuclei Strabismus: misalignment of the visual axis with respect to an object ...
... Example: left lesion- cannot generate any leftward conjugate eye movement (left eye is missing direct activation of LR); can generate rightward movements in right eye Intact convergence feeding directly into the oculomotor nuclei Strabismus: misalignment of the visual axis with respect to an object ...
Electron microscopical reconstruction of the anterior sensory
... of the ciliated sensory neurons in each of the six inner labial sensilla makes direct chemical synapses onto a muscle making these sensory-motor neurons. The anatomy of four isogenic animals was compared in detail and found to be largely invariant. The anatomy of juveniles is nearly identical to tha ...
... of the ciliated sensory neurons in each of the six inner labial sensilla makes direct chemical synapses onto a muscle making these sensory-motor neurons. The anatomy of four isogenic animals was compared in detail and found to be largely invariant. The anatomy of juveniles is nearly identical to tha ...
Multimodal imaging and the neural basis of EEG and fMRI
... noise caused by the MRI gradient system are all factors altering the experimental effects. Study of spontaneous (paradigm-free) brain activity, such as natural variations in EEG background (alpha rhythm), wakefulness, or activity during resting state EEG–fMRI is one strategy that can ascribe the tim ...
... noise caused by the MRI gradient system are all factors altering the experimental effects. Study of spontaneous (paradigm-free) brain activity, such as natural variations in EEG background (alpha rhythm), wakefulness, or activity during resting state EEG–fMRI is one strategy that can ascribe the tim ...
Sympathetic Chain
... • Cervical Part Ganglia Superior Cervical ganglia Middle Cervical Ganglia Inferior Cervical ganglia Sometimes Inferior cervical and first Thoracic fuse to form a Cervico-Thoracic or Stellate Ganglia ...
... • Cervical Part Ganglia Superior Cervical ganglia Middle Cervical Ganglia Inferior Cervical ganglia Sometimes Inferior cervical and first Thoracic fuse to form a Cervico-Thoracic or Stellate Ganglia ...