Trigeminal pathways handout
... 1. Outline the two pathways for facial sensation from the head. 2. Contrast facial sensation from the head and somatic sensation from the body. In what ways are they similar? Different? Try drawing this on the Haines atlas diagram at the end of the lecture. 3. Diagram the corneal reflex: the afferen ...
... 1. Outline the two pathways for facial sensation from the head. 2. Contrast facial sensation from the head and somatic sensation from the body. In what ways are they similar? Different? Try drawing this on the Haines atlas diagram at the end of the lecture. 3. Diagram the corneal reflex: the afferen ...
The Role of Neurotrophins in Neurotransmitter Release
... high-frequency synaptic transmission, synapses may use two alternative modes of synaptic vesicle retrieval, the conventional slow endosomal recycling or a faster rapid retrieval at the active zone, referred to as “kiss-and-run.” By modulating Ca2+ microdomains associated with voltage-gated Ca2+ chan ...
... high-frequency synaptic transmission, synapses may use two alternative modes of synaptic vesicle retrieval, the conventional slow endosomal recycling or a faster rapid retrieval at the active zone, referred to as “kiss-and-run.” By modulating Ca2+ microdomains associated with voltage-gated Ca2+ chan ...
NIH Public Access
... Serotonergic neurons within the raphe, especially the dorsal raphe, project to diverse forebrain regions, including the key corticolimbic structures involved in the regulation of stress, such as the mPFC, septum, extended amygdala, and hippocampus. Within the DRN, further topological organization su ...
... Serotonergic neurons within the raphe, especially the dorsal raphe, project to diverse forebrain regions, including the key corticolimbic structures involved in the regulation of stress, such as the mPFC, septum, extended amygdala, and hippocampus. Within the DRN, further topological organization su ...
Chapter 29 - krigolson teaching
... But this cannot be true, for there are instances in which vision is quite clear during a saccade. An object can be seen during a saccade if it is moving as fast as the eye and in the same direction, as occurs for example during a saccade in the direction of a car passing the observer in a train. Wha ...
... But this cannot be true, for there are instances in which vision is quite clear during a saccade. An object can be seen during a saccade if it is moving as fast as the eye and in the same direction, as occurs for example during a saccade in the direction of a car passing the observer in a train. Wha ...
14. Development and Plasticity
... “When an axon of a cell A is near enough to excite cell B or repeatedly or persistently takes part in firing it, some growth or metabolic change takes place in both cells such that A’s efficiency, as one of the cells firing B, is increased.” Brain mechanisms and how they can be related to behavi ...
... “When an axon of a cell A is near enough to excite cell B or repeatedly or persistently takes part in firing it, some growth or metabolic change takes place in both cells such that A’s efficiency, as one of the cells firing B, is increased.” Brain mechanisms and how they can be related to behavi ...
Phase IIB / PHGY 825 Organization of the Brain Stem Organization
... adjacent ventral tegmental area (A8-A10). The mesostriatal pathways is important in the initiation of motor responses, whereas the mesocortical and mesolimbic pathways are thought to be implicated in emotion and cognition. ...
... adjacent ventral tegmental area (A8-A10). The mesostriatal pathways is important in the initiation of motor responses, whereas the mesocortical and mesolimbic pathways are thought to be implicated in emotion and cognition. ...
Modeling Visual Cognition
... The visual system has a limited number of processing resources, which must be allocated optimally when we encode visual stimuli. In Kyllingsbæk, Valla, Vanrie, and Bundesen (2007), we manipulated the spatial separation between several stimulus letters in whole report while keeping the eccentricity o ...
... The visual system has a limited number of processing resources, which must be allocated optimally when we encode visual stimuli. In Kyllingsbæk, Valla, Vanrie, and Bundesen (2007), we manipulated the spatial separation between several stimulus letters in whole report while keeping the eccentricity o ...
Distributed Modular Architectures Linking Basal Ganglia
... synapses, and a pattern of innervation favoring the convergence of diverse afferents onto individual neurons. Each Purkinje cell is contacted by approximately 200,000 different parallel fibers (Ito, 1984), and each spiny neuron is contacted by about 10,000 different corticostriatal afferents (Wilso ...
... synapses, and a pattern of innervation favoring the convergence of diverse afferents onto individual neurons. Each Purkinje cell is contacted by approximately 200,000 different parallel fibers (Ito, 1984), and each spiny neuron is contacted by about 10,000 different corticostriatal afferents (Wilso ...
What in the brain tells us that this is pain - HAL
... To be considered specific for nociception, a cortical region should (a) have plausible connections with ascending nociceptive pathways; (b) be activated by noxious stimuli; (c) trigger nociceptive sensations if directly stimulated, and (d) tone down nociception when injured. In addition, lesions in ...
... To be considered specific for nociception, a cortical region should (a) have plausible connections with ascending nociceptive pathways; (b) be activated by noxious stimuli; (c) trigger nociceptive sensations if directly stimulated, and (d) tone down nociception when injured. In addition, lesions in ...
Author`s personal copy
... in SIP development have been related to behavioral and neurochemical differences linked to the dopaminergic system. SIP acquisition is associated with faster learning of an active avoidance task and less freezing in a defeat test compared to rats that do not develop SIP [5]. SIP acquisition also cor ...
... in SIP development have been related to behavioral and neurochemical differences linked to the dopaminergic system. SIP acquisition is associated with faster learning of an active avoidance task and less freezing in a defeat test compared to rats that do not develop SIP [5]. SIP acquisition also cor ...
BIO 210 Anatomy and Physiology Homework #4: Chs. 10
... B) It would make the muscles less excitable. C) It would cause spastic paralysis (muscles are contracted and unable to relax). D) It would cause flaccid paralysis (muscles are relaxed and unable to contract). E) It would produce muscle weakness. 44) The freedom of movement is relatively greater in t ...
... B) It would make the muscles less excitable. C) It would cause spastic paralysis (muscles are contracted and unable to relax). D) It would cause flaccid paralysis (muscles are relaxed and unable to contract). E) It would produce muscle weakness. 44) The freedom of movement is relatively greater in t ...
Cerebellum
... only from the trunk and the lower extremities and ends in the corresponding parts of the spinocerebellum. The same kind of information from the upper extremities is mediated through the external cuneate nucleus, located laterally in the medulla oblongata. The ventral spinocerebellar tract originate ...
... only from the trunk and the lower extremities and ends in the corresponding parts of the spinocerebellum. The same kind of information from the upper extremities is mediated through the external cuneate nucleus, located laterally in the medulla oblongata. The ventral spinocerebellar tract originate ...
Interplay of environmental signals and progenitor diversity on fate
... the two most abundant classes of cortical interneurons with non-overlapping molecular identities and relatively large cell bodies (>20µm; DeFelipe, 1993, 1997; Kawaguchi and Kondo, 2002). GABAergic interneurons expressing PV make up ∼40% of all cortical interneurons of which basket and chandelier ce ...
... the two most abundant classes of cortical interneurons with non-overlapping molecular identities and relatively large cell bodies (>20µm; DeFelipe, 1993, 1997; Kawaguchi and Kondo, 2002). GABAergic interneurons expressing PV make up ∼40% of all cortical interneurons of which basket and chandelier ce ...
Papazian Lab Homepage Electrical excitability in the brain
... Electrical activity underlies most aspects of brain function. Our research focuses on the voltage-gated ion channels that confer electrical excitability on neurons and the consequences of changes in channel activity for neuronal firing, circuit function, behavior, and neuronal viability during deve ...
... Electrical activity underlies most aspects of brain function. Our research focuses on the voltage-gated ion channels that confer electrical excitability on neurons and the consequences of changes in channel activity for neuronal firing, circuit function, behavior, and neuronal viability during deve ...
The role of the hypothalamic dorsomedial nucleus in the central
... of the nucleus of the solitary tract, as well. In contrast, PrRP-ir cell bodies in the most caudal part of the DMH did not co-express TH suggesting that PrRP-TH double labeled fibers in the DMH are of medullary origin. After emanating from a portion of A2 noradrenaline cells situated in the caudal p ...
... of the nucleus of the solitary tract, as well. In contrast, PrRP-ir cell bodies in the most caudal part of the DMH did not co-express TH suggesting that PrRP-TH double labeled fibers in the DMH are of medullary origin. After emanating from a portion of A2 noradrenaline cells situated in the caudal p ...
A Biologically Inspired Visuo-Motor Control Model based on a Deflationary
... between goal-oriented actions and actions without a goal. Moreover, we concord with Stamenov (2002) about MSys’ agency blindness: from the analysis of MSys’ activity, during action observation and execution, there is no evidence that this system is able to distinguish agent and observer and then to ...
... between goal-oriented actions and actions without a goal. Moreover, we concord with Stamenov (2002) about MSys’ agency blindness: from the analysis of MSys’ activity, during action observation and execution, there is no evidence that this system is able to distinguish agent and observer and then to ...
PDF
... columns (termed ‘ocular dominance columns’), and left and right eye-dominated columns alternated across the cortex (Wiesel and Hubel, 1963). The relationship between orientation columns and ocular dominance columns was summarized in their classic icecube diagram, in which thin orientation slabs cut ...
... columns (termed ‘ocular dominance columns’), and left and right eye-dominated columns alternated across the cortex (Wiesel and Hubel, 1963). The relationship between orientation columns and ocular dominance columns was summarized in their classic icecube diagram, in which thin orientation slabs cut ...
The Neural Fate of Consciously Perceived and Missed Events in the
... leading them to classify trials for which they were uncertain about the presence of a scene as Miss. Since this bias is not reflected in the activity of the frontal cortex, where decision making is thought to be more prevalent than in visual cortex (Gold and Shadlen, 2001; Schall, 2001), it is unlik ...
... leading them to classify trials for which they were uncertain about the presence of a scene as Miss. Since this bias is not reflected in the activity of the frontal cortex, where decision making is thought to be more prevalent than in visual cortex (Gold and Shadlen, 2001; Schall, 2001), it is unlik ...
Axonal morphometry of hippocampal pyramidal neurons semi
... scans are rescanned if the scanner was not in use for more than 2 h. The resulting digital picture is manually renamed with the sheet alphanumerical designation within that particular slice (for example, if the paper sheet is labeled N20, its output scan is saved as N20.jpg). All images belonging to ...
... scans are rescanned if the scanner was not in use for more than 2 h. The resulting digital picture is manually renamed with the sheet alphanumerical designation within that particular slice (for example, if the paper sheet is labeled N20, its output scan is saved as N20.jpg). All images belonging to ...
Linköping University Post Print the developmental age of the cells
... (Glut3) expression is reduced with increasing neuronal age (Fattoretti et al. 2001). Patel and Brewer (2003) found that the rate of glucose uptake in cultured embryonic neurons was threefold greater than in neurons taken from middle-aged and old donor rats. Thus, it is possible that the age of neuro ...
... (Glut3) expression is reduced with increasing neuronal age (Fattoretti et al. 2001). Patel and Brewer (2003) found that the rate of glucose uptake in cultured embryonic neurons was threefold greater than in neurons taken from middle-aged and old donor rats. Thus, it is possible that the age of neuro ...
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM NEURONAL MIGRATION
... protein may function in the formation of the cortical laminae. In the cerebellum, the gene is proposed to act on the Purkinje cell. Reelin is a large extracellular protein secreted by cells in the marginal zone of the cerebellar anlage and of the cortex (Sheppard & Pearlman 1997). Reelin has homolog ...
... protein may function in the formation of the cortical laminae. In the cerebellum, the gene is proposed to act on the Purkinje cell. Reelin is a large extracellular protein secreted by cells in the marginal zone of the cerebellar anlage and of the cortex (Sheppard & Pearlman 1997). Reelin has homolog ...
Proprioceptive Eye Position Signals Are Still Missing a Sensory
... ceptors. In species where muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs are found in EOMs, those sensory receptors are generally poorly developed (Maier et al., 1974; Donaldson, 2000). However, mammalian EOMs possess a unique structure, the palisade endings, which have long been posited to serve proprioce ...
... ceptors. In species where muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs are found in EOMs, those sensory receptors are generally poorly developed (Maier et al., 1974; Donaldson, 2000). However, mammalian EOMs possess a unique structure, the palisade endings, which have long been posited to serve proprioce ...
J Neurophysiol - University of Connecticut
... of the STRF indicate that stimulus energy at that frequency and time tends to increase the neuron’s firing rate, and negative regions indicate where the stimulus envelope induces a decrease in firing rate (Fig. 1A). In all locations, the STRF procedure was performed on the typically dominant, contra ...
... of the STRF indicate that stimulus energy at that frequency and time tends to increase the neuron’s firing rate, and negative regions indicate where the stimulus envelope induces a decrease in firing rate (Fig. 1A). In all locations, the STRF procedure was performed on the typically dominant, contra ...
Intracellular and extracellular signatures of action potentials
... why mammalian neurons often have characteristically sharp onset in the somatic recordings of action potentials. Until recently, researchers debated on the causes of this so-called ‘kink’. We tested different hypotheses by means of computational modelling. We show that the Critical Resistive Coupling ...
... why mammalian neurons often have characteristically sharp onset in the somatic recordings of action potentials. Until recently, researchers debated on the causes of this so-called ‘kink’. We tested different hypotheses by means of computational modelling. We show that the Critical Resistive Coupling ...
Stimulus (physiology)
In physiology, a stimulus (plural stimuli) is a detectable change in the internal or external environment. The ability of an organism or organ to respond to external stimuli is called sensitivity. When a stimulus is applied to a sensory receptor, it normally elicits or influences a reflex via stimulus transduction. These sensory receptors can receive information from outside the body, as in touch receptors found in the skin or light receptors in the eye, as well as from inside the body, as in chemoreceptors and mechanorceptors. An internal stimulus is often the first component of a homeostatic control system. External stimuli are capable of producing systemic responses throughout the body, as in the fight-or-flight response. In order for a stimulus to be detected with high probability, its level must exceed the absolute threshold; if a signal does reach threshold, the information is transmitted to the central nervous system (CNS), where it is integrated and a decision on how to react is made. Although stimuli commonly cause the body to respond, it is the CNS that finally determines whether a signal causes a reaction or not.