Intracellular and extracellular signatures of action potentials
... why mammalian neurons often have characteristically sharp onset in the somatic recordings of action potentials. Until recently, researchers debated on the causes of this so-called ‘kink’. We tested different hypotheses by means of computational modelling. We show that the Critical Resistive Coupling ...
... why mammalian neurons often have characteristically sharp onset in the somatic recordings of action potentials. Until recently, researchers debated on the causes of this so-called ‘kink’. We tested different hypotheses by means of computational modelling. We show that the Critical Resistive Coupling ...
studying the isolated central nervous system
... Working in Physiology, together with Mike Laverack, I showed that tissue extracts from the snail had a cardio acceleratory activity in addition to that produced by 5 HT. I was also interested in the effect of sudden temperature changes on the nervous systems and, with Brian Taylor, showed that a sud ...
... Working in Physiology, together with Mike Laverack, I showed that tissue extracts from the snail had a cardio acceleratory activity in addition to that produced by 5 HT. I was also interested in the effect of sudden temperature changes on the nervous systems and, with Brian Taylor, showed that a sud ...
American Journal of Public Health Research
... gland and initiates a heavily regulated stress response pathway (O Connor et al., 2000). Amygdala which is situated bilaterally deep within the medial temporal lobes of the brain play vital roles in the processing of emotions by modulating stress response mechanisms particularly when feelings of anx ...
... gland and initiates a heavily regulated stress response pathway (O Connor et al., 2000). Amygdala which is situated bilaterally deep within the medial temporal lobes of the brain play vital roles in the processing of emotions by modulating stress response mechanisms particularly when feelings of anx ...
identification of a cell surface glycoprotein family of olfactory
... and Warren, 1982), as well as the reciprocal distribution (Vulliamy et al., 1981), to retinal photoreceptor cells (Barnstable, 1980), and to cat CNS neuronal subclasses (McKay and Hockfield, 1982). We have developed an Mab, 2B8, which binds to cell surface antigens on primary sensory neurons of the ...
... and Warren, 1982), as well as the reciprocal distribution (Vulliamy et al., 1981), to retinal photoreceptor cells (Barnstable, 1980), and to cat CNS neuronal subclasses (McKay and Hockfield, 1982). We have developed an Mab, 2B8, which binds to cell surface antigens on primary sensory neurons of the ...
Computational models of reinforcement learning
... may not be contingent upon actions taken by the agent. In most models, the output of this function is computed as the Temporal Difference (TD) error between estimated and actual rewards. (3) A policy function (also known as actor) which maps the agent states to possible actions, using the output of ...
... may not be contingent upon actions taken by the agent. In most models, the output of this function is computed as the Temporal Difference (TD) error between estimated and actual rewards. (3) A policy function (also known as actor) which maps the agent states to possible actions, using the output of ...
xiao-ying-lu-southeast-university
... Spontaneous electrical signal or induced signal can be detected from actue brain and heart slices placed on the MEA through MEA system. Then further research about neural system and autonomic nervous system could be carried out. ...
... Spontaneous electrical signal or induced signal can be detected from actue brain and heart slices placed on the MEA through MEA system. Then further research about neural system and autonomic nervous system could be carried out. ...
Can You Smell That? Anatomy and Physiology of Smell
... of the posterosuperior nose Covers roughly 1 cm² on each side Neuroepithelium is pseudostratified columnar epithelium Neurons exposed to the outside world through their dendrites and cilia Axons of these neurons synapse at the base of the brain in the olfactory bulb As least six morphologically and ...
... of the posterosuperior nose Covers roughly 1 cm² on each side Neuroepithelium is pseudostratified columnar epithelium Neurons exposed to the outside world through their dendrites and cilia Axons of these neurons synapse at the base of the brain in the olfactory bulb As least six morphologically and ...
The emerging framework of mammalian auditory hindbrain
... there, information is passed to the medial geniculate body (MGN), a thalamic area in the forebrain, before reaching the auditory cortex. Most data concerning the anatomy of the auditory pathway have been obtained in mammalian model systems such as rodents or cats. With respect to hearing disorders, ...
... there, information is passed to the medial geniculate body (MGN), a thalamic area in the forebrain, before reaching the auditory cortex. Most data concerning the anatomy of the auditory pathway have been obtained in mammalian model systems such as rodents or cats. With respect to hearing disorders, ...
Predictive Coding: A Possible Explanation of Filling
... connection. In response to this top-down information, lower area sends a residual error signal to the higher area, by feed-forward connection, to correct the next prediction. This idea is based on the anatomical architecture of the visual system which is hierarchically organized and reciprocally con ...
... connection. In response to this top-down information, lower area sends a residual error signal to the higher area, by feed-forward connection, to correct the next prediction. This idea is based on the anatomical architecture of the visual system which is hierarchically organized and reciprocally con ...
Regulation of thalamocortical axon branching by BDNF and synaptic vesicle cycling
... have contributed equally to this work. ...
... have contributed equally to this work. ...
The projection of the lateral geniculate nucleus to area 17 of the rat
... To reconstruct the forms of the dendrites receiving degenerating and synapsing geniculocortical afferents on their shafts, serial thin sections through layer IV of the visual cortex were prepared. The material used for serial sectioning was obtained from the animal designated earlier (Peters and Fel ...
... To reconstruct the forms of the dendrites receiving degenerating and synapsing geniculocortical afferents on their shafts, serial thin sections through layer IV of the visual cortex were prepared. The material used for serial sectioning was obtained from the animal designated earlier (Peters and Fel ...
International Union of Pharmacology. LI. Nomenclature and
... HCN1 is the fastest channel, followed by HCN2, HCN3, and HCN4. Unlike HCN2 and HCN4, whose activation curves are profoundly shifted by cAMP, HCN1 is only weakly affected by cAMP (Kaupp and Seifert, 2001; Biel et al., 2002; Robinson and Siegelbaum, 2003). HCN channels are found in neurons and heart c ...
... HCN1 is the fastest channel, followed by HCN2, HCN3, and HCN4. Unlike HCN2 and HCN4, whose activation curves are profoundly shifted by cAMP, HCN1 is only weakly affected by cAMP (Kaupp and Seifert, 2001; Biel et al., 2002; Robinson and Siegelbaum, 2003). HCN channels are found in neurons and heart c ...
Synchronisation hubs in the visual cortex may arise from strong
... responses, we computed the oscillation score, as described previously (Muresan et al., 2008). In brief, this measure is based on analysing the power spectrum of autocorrelation histograms (ACHs) computed with 1-ms resolution (see below). The oscillation score is defined as the ratio between the peak ...
... responses, we computed the oscillation score, as described previously (Muresan et al., 2008). In brief, this measure is based on analysing the power spectrum of autocorrelation histograms (ACHs) computed with 1-ms resolution (see below). The oscillation score is defined as the ratio between the peak ...
Saccade performance in the nasal and temporal
... smooth pursuit the eye tends to overshoot the target’s position and velocity but after a very short time the eye follows the target closely, even if the target disappears for a moment. When the target stops, the velocity of the eye declines and the duration of the negative acceleration is rather con ...
... smooth pursuit the eye tends to overshoot the target’s position and velocity but after a very short time the eye follows the target closely, even if the target disappears for a moment. When the target stops, the velocity of the eye declines and the duration of the negative acceleration is rather con ...
Human Reflexes Introductory Reading and
... Closed head injuries, such as bleeding in or around the brain, may be diagnosed by reflex testing. The oculomotor nerve stimulates the muscles in and around the eyes. If pressure increases in the cranium (such as from an increase in blood volume due to the brain bleeding), then the pressure exerted ...
... Closed head injuries, such as bleeding in or around the brain, may be diagnosed by reflex testing. The oculomotor nerve stimulates the muscles in and around the eyes. If pressure increases in the cranium (such as from an increase in blood volume due to the brain bleeding), then the pressure exerted ...
A behavioral switch: cGMP and PKC signaling in olfactory neurons
... repulsive chemicals sensed by neurons called AWB, ASH and ADL. The sensory neurons detect environmental chemicals using G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) encoded by ~1700 chemoreceptor genes, as well as other receptors (Robertson and Thomas, 2006). Each sensory neuron expresses many chemoreceptor ...
... repulsive chemicals sensed by neurons called AWB, ASH and ADL. The sensory neurons detect environmental chemicals using G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) encoded by ~1700 chemoreceptor genes, as well as other receptors (Robertson and Thomas, 2006). Each sensory neuron expresses many chemoreceptor ...
Lab 10 – Nervous Tissue Nervous Tissue
... layer of astrocyte foot processes known as the glial limitans (not seen in routine slide preparations) which acts as a barrier between the CNS neural tissue and surrounding non-neural tissue; as blood vessels penetrate into the CNS, they are initially surrounded by pia mater and the glial limitans, ...
... layer of astrocyte foot processes known as the glial limitans (not seen in routine slide preparations) which acts as a barrier between the CNS neural tissue and surrounding non-neural tissue; as blood vessels penetrate into the CNS, they are initially surrounded by pia mater and the glial limitans, ...
HB-GAM (pleiotrophin) reverses inhibition of neural
... HB-GAM alone, added in solution at the time of cell plating on uncoated tissue culture plastic, did not promote neurite outgrowth, but rather displayed some inhibitory effect (Fig. 1c). Conversely, when HB-GAM was added in solution with the cells on aggrecan-coated wells, a prominent neurite outgrow ...
... HB-GAM alone, added in solution at the time of cell plating on uncoated tissue culture plastic, did not promote neurite outgrowth, but rather displayed some inhibitory effect (Fig. 1c). Conversely, when HB-GAM was added in solution with the cells on aggrecan-coated wells, a prominent neurite outgrow ...
Document
... Adrenergic Neurons and Receptors Release norepinephrine (noradrenalin). Most sympathetic postganglionic neurons are adrenergic. Two types of receptors: Alpha receptorsBeta receptors ...
... Adrenergic Neurons and Receptors Release norepinephrine (noradrenalin). Most sympathetic postganglionic neurons are adrenergic. Two types of receptors: Alpha receptorsBeta receptors ...
Intelligent agents capable of developing memory of their environment
... information. In this case the terminal cells (nodes) point to the other trees. This encoding method can produce complex phenotypic networks from a compact genotype. Gruau called this method ”automatic definition of neural sub networks (ADNS)” [Gruau, 1994]. Karl Sims used a graph based GP approach t ...
... information. In this case the terminal cells (nodes) point to the other trees. This encoding method can produce complex phenotypic networks from a compact genotype. Gruau called this method ”automatic definition of neural sub networks (ADNS)” [Gruau, 1994]. Karl Sims used a graph based GP approach t ...
Temporal delays among place cells determine the frequency of
... A ¼ e − ðπcL=ð3 2Þf0 Þ (Eq. 6 and Eq. S1) and goes to zero for infinitely large place fields (corresponding to large L), with fixed single cell oscillation frequency f0 and compression factor c, because the phase-shifted oscillators average each other out. Furthermore, the phase shift between the oscil ...
... A ¼ e − ðπcL=ð3 2Þf0 Þ (Eq. 6 and Eq. S1) and goes to zero for infinitely large place fields (corresponding to large L), with fixed single cell oscillation frequency f0 and compression factor c, because the phase-shifted oscillators average each other out. Furthermore, the phase shift between the oscil ...
Stimulus (physiology)
In physiology, a stimulus (plural stimuli) is a detectable change in the internal or external environment. The ability of an organism or organ to respond to external stimuli is called sensitivity. When a stimulus is applied to a sensory receptor, it normally elicits or influences a reflex via stimulus transduction. These sensory receptors can receive information from outside the body, as in touch receptors found in the skin or light receptors in the eye, as well as from inside the body, as in chemoreceptors and mechanorceptors. An internal stimulus is often the first component of a homeostatic control system. External stimuli are capable of producing systemic responses throughout the body, as in the fight-or-flight response. In order for a stimulus to be detected with high probability, its level must exceed the absolute threshold; if a signal does reach threshold, the information is transmitted to the central nervous system (CNS), where it is integrated and a decision on how to react is made. Although stimuli commonly cause the body to respond, it is the CNS that finally determines whether a signal causes a reaction or not.