Examples of well-written lab reports, by section
... priming contributed to significantly altering the response time. An experiment published a few years ago showed that for long term auditory memory, priming does lead to a decreased reaction time (Schweinberger 1997). Other studies have demonstrated the positive effect of prompts on complicated tasks ...
... priming contributed to significantly altering the response time. An experiment published a few years ago showed that for long term auditory memory, priming does lead to a decreased reaction time (Schweinberger 1997). Other studies have demonstrated the positive effect of prompts on complicated tasks ...
Oxytocin Influence on the Nucleus of the Solitary Tract
... attenuated by coadministration of a selective oxytocin receptor antagonist [Peters et al. (2008), their Fig. 4]. Importantly, this effect was selective to approximately half of the second-order NTS neurons identified within a mixed distribution of oxytocin-sensitive and oxytocin-resistant neurons. T ...
... attenuated by coadministration of a selective oxytocin receptor antagonist [Peters et al. (2008), their Fig. 4]. Importantly, this effect was selective to approximately half of the second-order NTS neurons identified within a mixed distribution of oxytocin-sensitive and oxytocin-resistant neurons. T ...
Vision in Drosophila - University of Queensland
... measures were often necessarily simple. Much of what is known of developmental pathways was based on disrupting highly regular structures, such as patterns of cells in the eye. Similarly, reliable visual behaviors such as phototaxis and motion responses provided a solid foundation for dissecting vis ...
... measures were often necessarily simple. Much of what is known of developmental pathways was based on disrupting highly regular structures, such as patterns of cells in the eye. Similarly, reliable visual behaviors such as phototaxis and motion responses provided a solid foundation for dissecting vis ...
No Direct Projection is Observed from the Substantia Nigra to the
... sends motor signals to the DMV. The vagal parasympathetic motor fibers originating in the DMV regulate GI motility. Our previous data suggest that gastric motor function is impaired in both digestive and interdigestive phases in 6-OHDA rats [12], consistent with reports from clinical studies [19]. C ...
... sends motor signals to the DMV. The vagal parasympathetic motor fibers originating in the DMV regulate GI motility. Our previous data suggest that gastric motor function is impaired in both digestive and interdigestive phases in 6-OHDA rats [12], consistent with reports from clinical studies [19]. C ...
18-1 PITUITARY GLAND AND HYPOTHALAMUS 1. The pituitary
... 2. The pituitary gland was once considered the "master" gland because hormones released from the pituitary control other endocrine glands and many body functions. It is now known that the regulation of release of hormones from the pituitary is controlled by the hypothalamus. Thus the endocrine syste ...
... 2. The pituitary gland was once considered the "master" gland because hormones released from the pituitary control other endocrine glands and many body functions. It is now known that the regulation of release of hormones from the pituitary is controlled by the hypothalamus. Thus the endocrine syste ...
Are mesopontine cholinergic neurons either necessary or sufficient
... REM sleep.20-22 Such data appeared to be consistent with experiments demonstrating powerful inhibitory effects of both serotonin23,24 and noradrenaline25 upon identified mesopontine cholinergic neurons in brain slices. Given that noradrenergic and serotonergic neurons are at their most active during ...
... REM sleep.20-22 Such data appeared to be consistent with experiments demonstrating powerful inhibitory effects of both serotonin23,24 and noradrenaline25 upon identified mesopontine cholinergic neurons in brain slices. Given that noradrenergic and serotonergic neurons are at their most active during ...
Fluids & Electrolytes Part 1
... a drop to drink” If you are thirsty, you cannot drink salt water ...
... a drop to drink” If you are thirsty, you cannot drink salt water ...
Brain Electrical Activity During Waking and Sleep States
... * Desynchronization is an improper term to characterize active state since cognitive operations are associated with fast frequency (gamma) synchronized oscillations in large scale networks. ...
... * Desynchronization is an improper term to characterize active state since cognitive operations are associated with fast frequency (gamma) synchronized oscillations in large scale networks. ...
Differential Characteristics of Face Neuron Responses Within the
... responses within the anterior superior temporal sulcus of macaques. J Neurophysiol 94: 1252–1266, 2005. doi:10.1152/jn.00949.2004. The anterior superior temporal sulcus (STS) of macaque monkeys is thought to be involved in the analysis of incoming perceptual information for face recognition or ident ...
... responses within the anterior superior temporal sulcus of macaques. J Neurophysiol 94: 1252–1266, 2005. doi:10.1152/jn.00949.2004. The anterior superior temporal sulcus (STS) of macaque monkeys is thought to be involved in the analysis of incoming perceptual information for face recognition or ident ...
Probability of Transmitter Release at Neocortical
... Figure 3 shows two typical examples of the MK-801 blocking function at temperatures ⬎32°C. The amplitude of EPSCs remained stable in the control but decayed gradually after MK-801 was washed in to the final concentration of 20 M. After ⬃50 – 60 stimuli in the presence of the MK-801, the EPSCs were ...
... Figure 3 shows two typical examples of the MK-801 blocking function at temperatures ⬎32°C. The amplitude of EPSCs remained stable in the control but decayed gradually after MK-801 was washed in to the final concentration of 20 M. After ⬃50 – 60 stimuli in the presence of the MK-801, the EPSCs were ...
Identified nerve cells and insect behavior
... Studies of insect identified neurons over the past 25 years have provided some of the very best data on sensorimotor integration; tracing information flow from sensory to motor networks. General principles have emerged that have increased the sophistication with which we now understand both sensory ...
... Studies of insect identified neurons over the past 25 years have provided some of the very best data on sensorimotor integration; tracing information flow from sensory to motor networks. General principles have emerged that have increased the sophistication with which we now understand both sensory ...
Impact of thousand-and-one amino acid 2 kinase
... cue semaphorin 3A (Sema3A), and they have delineated a pathway from these results whereby Sema3A and Nrp1 transduce signals through TAOK2 and c-Jun N-Terminal kinase (JNK) to regulate basal dendrite development in cortical neurons.[20] The pyramidal neurons, which are abundant in brain regions assoc ...
... cue semaphorin 3A (Sema3A), and they have delineated a pathway from these results whereby Sema3A and Nrp1 transduce signals through TAOK2 and c-Jun N-Terminal kinase (JNK) to regulate basal dendrite development in cortical neurons.[20] The pyramidal neurons, which are abundant in brain regions assoc ...
The hippocampo-cortical loop: Spatio
... receives connections from both the hippocampus and the mPFC. Bilateral connections exist between the BG and mPFC (Groenewegen, Wright, & Uylings, 1997). In the CA1 and CA3 subregions of the hippocampus, pyramidal neurons called place cells show location-specific firing (O’Keefe & Dostrovsky, 1971). ...
... receives connections from both the hippocampus and the mPFC. Bilateral connections exist between the BG and mPFC (Groenewegen, Wright, & Uylings, 1997). In the CA1 and CA3 subregions of the hippocampus, pyramidal neurons called place cells show location-specific firing (O’Keefe & Dostrovsky, 1971). ...
PDF
... However, the brain pays more attention to some stimuli—such as those that signal rewards or warn of potential threats—than to others. These stimuli receive extra attention because they activate a structure deep within the brain called the amygdala. The amygdala, which is named after the Greek word f ...
... However, the brain pays more attention to some stimuli—such as those that signal rewards or warn of potential threats—than to others. These stimuli receive extra attention because they activate a structure deep within the brain called the amygdala. The amygdala, which is named after the Greek word f ...
Recording Electrical Signals from Human Muscle
... a) Electrical impulses (= action potentials) are initiated in specific subsets of interneurons within the pre-motor and motor cortex regions of your cerebrum (Figure 12.2). b) Some of these interneurons in the motor cortex, referred to as “upper motor neurons,” have axons that project down the spina ...
... a) Electrical impulses (= action potentials) are initiated in specific subsets of interneurons within the pre-motor and motor cortex regions of your cerebrum (Figure 12.2). b) Some of these interneurons in the motor cortex, referred to as “upper motor neurons,” have axons that project down the spina ...
In 1978 Mountcastle hypothesized that the smallest functional unit of
... (“mosaic”) made up of discrete place-defined macrocolumns – “segregates”– in the region of cat and monkey somatosensory cortex which receives input from forelimb skin, also proposed that discrete place-defined macrocolumns are a common mode of topographic organization throughout somatosensory cortex ...
... (“mosaic”) made up of discrete place-defined macrocolumns – “segregates”– in the region of cat and monkey somatosensory cortex which receives input from forelimb skin, also proposed that discrete place-defined macrocolumns are a common mode of topographic organization throughout somatosensory cortex ...
Print
... synthetic efforts, it became possible to explore directly the existence of cannabinoid receptors by using standard radioligand binding techniques. In 1988, Howlett and her co-workers (84, 167) described the presence of high-affinity binding sites for cannabinoid agents in brain membranes and showed ...
... synthetic efforts, it became possible to explore directly the existence of cannabinoid receptors by using standard radioligand binding techniques. In 1988, Howlett and her co-workers (84, 167) described the presence of high-affinity binding sites for cannabinoid agents in brain membranes and showed ...
Optimal Sizes of Dendritic and Axonal Arbors
... Quantitative comparison is complicated because the projection is not strictly twodimensional: Purkinje dendrites stacked next to each other add up to a significant third dimension. Naively, given that the dendritic arbor size is about 400ILm Eq.4 predicts axonal arbor of about 7 ILm. This is close t ...
... Quantitative comparison is complicated because the projection is not strictly twodimensional: Purkinje dendrites stacked next to each other add up to a significant third dimension. Naively, given that the dendritic arbor size is about 400ILm Eq.4 predicts axonal arbor of about 7 ILm. This is close t ...
Food Addiction - College of Literature, Science, and the Arts
... cognition, and/or to ameliorate mood (e.g., relief of negative affect). Thus, highly processed foods containing high concentrations of refined macronutrients are no longer viewed solely from the angle of homeostatic energy regulation. Some refined ingredients, such as sugars, are now also viewed as ...
... cognition, and/or to ameliorate mood (e.g., relief of negative affect). Thus, highly processed foods containing high concentrations of refined macronutrients are no longer viewed solely from the angle of homeostatic energy regulation. Some refined ingredients, such as sugars, are now also viewed as ...
Open-loop organization of thalamic reticular nucleus and dorsal
... synapse, since this synapse induces large postsynaptic currents but is highly depressing (Chung et al. 2002; Gil et al. 1999; Stratford et al. 1996), a burst of action potentials arriving after a period of quiescence (as required by the voltage- and time sensitivity of T-type calcium channels) would ...
... synapse, since this synapse induces large postsynaptic currents but is highly depressing (Chung et al. 2002; Gil et al. 1999; Stratford et al. 1996), a burst of action potentials arriving after a period of quiescence (as required by the voltage- and time sensitivity of T-type calcium channels) would ...
Responses of primate frontal cortex neurons during natural vocal
... vocal signal perception, vocal-motor production, and any related sensory-motor interactions within individual neurons during the same behavior. During these vocal interactions, marmosets only produce phee calls (Miller and Wang 2006; Takahashi et al. 2013), making it possible to directly compare neu ...
... vocal signal perception, vocal-motor production, and any related sensory-motor interactions within individual neurons during the same behavior. During these vocal interactions, marmosets only produce phee calls (Miller and Wang 2006; Takahashi et al. 2013), making it possible to directly compare neu ...
New Features of Connectivity in Piriform Cortex Visualized by
... Piriform cortex has long been considered as “primary” olfactory cortex because it is the largest area that receives direct input from the olfactory bulb (OB), the structure that monosynaptically relays input from olfactory receptor neurons. However, physiological and anatomical studies suggest that ...
... Piriform cortex has long been considered as “primary” olfactory cortex because it is the largest area that receives direct input from the olfactory bulb (OB), the structure that monosynaptically relays input from olfactory receptor neurons. However, physiological and anatomical studies suggest that ...
Axon Initiation and Growth Cone Turning on Bound Protein Gradients Cellular/Molecular Junyu Mai,
... Extracellular gradients of secreted guidance factors are known to guide axon pathfinding and neuronal migration. These factors are likely to bind to cell surfaces or extracellular matrix, but whether and how they may act in bound gradients remains mostly unclear. In this study, we have developed a n ...
... Extracellular gradients of secreted guidance factors are known to guide axon pathfinding and neuronal migration. These factors are likely to bind to cell surfaces or extracellular matrix, but whether and how they may act in bound gradients remains mostly unclear. In this study, we have developed a n ...
Time Course and Time–Distance Relationships for Surround
... frequency of a sine wave grating at 100% contrast that drifted for 2– 4 sec behind a circular aperture chosen to approximate the CRF. We then used the smallest patch of optimal grating that provided a reliable response to find the center of the RF. Next, we presented stimuli in an interleaved manner ...
... frequency of a sine wave grating at 100% contrast that drifted for 2– 4 sec behind a circular aperture chosen to approximate the CRF. We then used the smallest patch of optimal grating that provided a reliable response to find the center of the RF. Next, we presented stimuli in an interleaved manner ...
Cell migration in the developing rodent olfactory system
... smell, and the vomeronasal system (VNS; also called the accessory olfactory system), which is essential for pheromone-based communication [16, 17]. These systems are tuned to discriminate between a variety of distinct odors and can do so at very low concentrations [18, 19]. Such efficient informatio ...
... smell, and the vomeronasal system (VNS; also called the accessory olfactory system), which is essential for pheromone-based communication [16, 17]. These systems are tuned to discriminate between a variety of distinct odors and can do so at very low concentrations [18, 19]. Such efficient informatio ...
Stimulus (physiology)
In physiology, a stimulus (plural stimuli) is a detectable change in the internal or external environment. The ability of an organism or organ to respond to external stimuli is called sensitivity. When a stimulus is applied to a sensory receptor, it normally elicits or influences a reflex via stimulus transduction. These sensory receptors can receive information from outside the body, as in touch receptors found in the skin or light receptors in the eye, as well as from inside the body, as in chemoreceptors and mechanorceptors. An internal stimulus is often the first component of a homeostatic control system. External stimuli are capable of producing systemic responses throughout the body, as in the fight-or-flight response. In order for a stimulus to be detected with high probability, its level must exceed the absolute threshold; if a signal does reach threshold, the information is transmitted to the central nervous system (CNS), where it is integrated and a decision on how to react is made. Although stimuli commonly cause the body to respond, it is the CNS that finally determines whether a signal causes a reaction or not.