found that in flight, 3D hippocampal place cells had nearly spherical
... flight maneuvers resulted in dense and rather uniform coverage of the environment's 3D volume (figs. S5 and S6). Single-unit activity was recorded from freely flying bats, using a tetrode-based microdrive and a custom lightweight four-channel neural telemetry system designed for flying bats (Fig. 1, ...
... flight maneuvers resulted in dense and rather uniform coverage of the environment's 3D volume (figs. S5 and S6). Single-unit activity was recorded from freely flying bats, using a tetrode-based microdrive and a custom lightweight four-channel neural telemetry system designed for flying bats (Fig. 1, ...
Stahl_3rd_ch19_Part2..
... since injection of the combination of buprenorphine plus naloxone results in no high and may even precipitate withdrawal. L-alpha-acetylmethodol acetate (LAAM) is a long-acting orally active opiate with pharmacological properties similar to those of methadone, but it is rarely used because of concer ...
... since injection of the combination of buprenorphine plus naloxone results in no high and may even precipitate withdrawal. L-alpha-acetylmethodol acetate (LAAM) is a long-acting orally active opiate with pharmacological properties similar to those of methadone, but it is rarely used because of concer ...
BI_231_Laboratory_Package winter2011
... your instructor. Read labels on dropper bottles provided for an experiment, they will indicate the need for gloves or goggles, etc. Upon request, detailed written information is available on every chemical used (MSDS). Ask your instructor. 5. No pen or pencil is to be used at any time on any model o ...
... your instructor. Read labels on dropper bottles provided for an experiment, they will indicate the need for gloves or goggles, etc. Upon request, detailed written information is available on every chemical used (MSDS). Ask your instructor. 5. No pen or pencil is to be used at any time on any model o ...
MARMORATAl - Journal of Neuroscience
... antigens are first expressed and the order in which they are expressed by different cells or tissues. Three of the mAbs produced by Zipser and McKay (Zipser, B., and R. McKay (1981) Nature 289: 549-554) were screened: Lan3-1, Lan3-5, and Lan3-6. Each mAb shows a different pattern of labeling in the ...
... antigens are first expressed and the order in which they are expressed by different cells or tissues. Three of the mAbs produced by Zipser and McKay (Zipser, B., and R. McKay (1981) Nature 289: 549-554) were screened: Lan3-1, Lan3-5, and Lan3-6. Each mAb shows a different pattern of labeling in the ...
RESOURCE - Synthetic Neurobiology Group
... intrinsic limitations. They can result in incomplete coverage of neurons within the region, which may limit experiments requiring complete labeling (for example, neural silencing), and can result in variable opsin expression levels across cells from the injection center out. The variability in the n ...
... intrinsic limitations. They can result in incomplete coverage of neurons within the region, which may limit experiments requiring complete labeling (for example, neural silencing), and can result in variable opsin expression levels across cells from the injection center out. The variability in the n ...
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
... Pathogenic changes in the nervous system are the two kinds of phenomena. The first of them the damage and destruction of the morphological structure, functional relationships and physiological systems. It is indicated by IP Pavlov as "damage" and is the result of the direct action of the pathogenic ...
... Pathogenic changes in the nervous system are the two kinds of phenomena. The first of them the damage and destruction of the morphological structure, functional relationships and physiological systems. It is indicated by IP Pavlov as "damage" and is the result of the direct action of the pathogenic ...
neural representation and the cortical code
... Contents of Representations The content of a neuronal signal is the message or information that the signal provides when decoded. This can be assessed using the classical approach based upon the tuning curve, or it can be assessed using more recent stimulus reconstruction methods. Studies of tuning ...
... Contents of Representations The content of a neuronal signal is the message or information that the signal provides when decoded. This can be assessed using the classical approach based upon the tuning curve, or it can be assessed using more recent stimulus reconstruction methods. Studies of tuning ...
Part d
... • Gender-specific areas appear in both brain and spinal cord, depending on presence or absence of fetal testosterone • Maternal exposure to radiation, drugs (e.g., alcohol and opiates), or infection can harm the developing CNS • Smoking decreases oxygen in the blood, which can lead to neuron death a ...
... • Gender-specific areas appear in both brain and spinal cord, depending on presence or absence of fetal testosterone • Maternal exposure to radiation, drugs (e.g., alcohol and opiates), or infection can harm the developing CNS • Smoking decreases oxygen in the blood, which can lead to neuron death a ...
Functional maps within a single neuron
... gence of the literature toward viewing dendrites and their ion channels as facilitators of the two conjoined goals of efficiently encoding incoming local information and maintaining homeostasis through this process. Functional maps across neurons constitute a common design principle in various regio ...
... gence of the literature toward viewing dendrites and their ion channels as facilitators of the two conjoined goals of efficiently encoding incoming local information and maintaining homeostasis through this process. Functional maps across neurons constitute a common design principle in various regio ...
Chapter 12 PowerPoint - Hillsborough Community College
... • Gender-specific areas appear in both brain and spinal cord, depending on presence or absence of fetal testosterone • Maternal exposure to radiation, drugs (e.g., alcohol and opiates), or infection can harm the developing CNS • Smoking decreases oxygen in the blood, which can lead to neuron death a ...
... • Gender-specific areas appear in both brain and spinal cord, depending on presence or absence of fetal testosterone • Maternal exposure to radiation, drugs (e.g., alcohol and opiates), or infection can harm the developing CNS • Smoking decreases oxygen in the blood, which can lead to neuron death a ...
Endocrine Physiology Posterior pituitary hormones
... Both hormones are produced in hypothalamic nuclei: - Supraoptic nucleus (ADH + 1/6 oxytocin) - Paraventricular nucleus (Oxytocin + 1/6 ADH) ...
... Both hormones are produced in hypothalamic nuclei: - Supraoptic nucleus (ADH + 1/6 oxytocin) - Paraventricular nucleus (Oxytocin + 1/6 ADH) ...
Anatomy And Physiology Of The kidney
... flows to muscle and heart change during exercise, and flow is not constant as it is in the brain. Oxygen uptake by heart, brain, splanchnic and skeletal muscle is in a greater amount than the kidney, even at rest. To clear the plasma does not require as high oxygen levels as does the nutritive and e ...
... flows to muscle and heart change during exercise, and flow is not constant as it is in the brain. Oxygen uptake by heart, brain, splanchnic and skeletal muscle is in a greater amount than the kidney, even at rest. To clear the plasma does not require as high oxygen levels as does the nutritive and e ...
Chapter 7 | Pigments and Minerals
... hemosiderin. There are chemical tricks to enhance the sensitivity, ...
... hemosiderin. There are chemical tricks to enhance the sensitivity, ...
Retinal ganglion cell synchronization by fixational eye movements
... largely reduced, however, because this system responds mainly to changes7,8. This is consistent with the observation that visual perception fades away when the image of an object is stabilized artificially on the retina9,10. Therefore, during normal fixation in a stationary visual world, relative im ...
... largely reduced, however, because this system responds mainly to changes7,8. This is consistent with the observation that visual perception fades away when the image of an object is stabilized artificially on the retina9,10. Therefore, during normal fixation in a stationary visual world, relative im ...
Neuronal basis of contrast discrimination
... Psychophysical contrast increment thresholds were compared with neuronal responses, inferred from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to test the hypothesis that contrast discrimination judgements are limited by neuronal signals in early visual cortical areas. FMRI was used to measure human ...
... Psychophysical contrast increment thresholds were compared with neuronal responses, inferred from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to test the hypothesis that contrast discrimination judgements are limited by neuronal signals in early visual cortical areas. FMRI was used to measure human ...
Joseph and Heberlein 1 Tissue-specific Activation of a
... positional aversion. In contrast, pharyngeal taste-cells mediate the egg-laying attraction to lobeline, as determined by analysis of mosaic flies in which subsets of Gr66a neurons were silenced. Finally, inactivating mushroom body neurons disrupted both aversive and attractive responses, suggesting ...
... positional aversion. In contrast, pharyngeal taste-cells mediate the egg-laying attraction to lobeline, as determined by analysis of mosaic flies in which subsets of Gr66a neurons were silenced. Finally, inactivating mushroom body neurons disrupted both aversive and attractive responses, suggesting ...
Thinking About Thinking
... condition for a following action. This serves to remind statisticians that brain function is highly governed by Markovian serial dependencies (see later coverage on such dependencies in trains of nerve impulses in Chap. 4). I will argue that “thoughts” are abstractions, represented as patterns of ne ...
... condition for a following action. This serves to remind statisticians that brain function is highly governed by Markovian serial dependencies (see later coverage on such dependencies in trains of nerve impulses in Chap. 4). I will argue that “thoughts” are abstractions, represented as patterns of ne ...
Cation-Chloride Cotransporters and Neuronal Function
... GABAA and glycine receptors, CCCs also show close interactions with glutamatergic signaling. A crosstalk among CCCs and trophic factors is important in short-term and long-term modification of neuronal properties. CCCs appear to be multifunctional proteins that are also involved in shaping neuronal ...
... GABAA and glycine receptors, CCCs also show close interactions with glutamatergic signaling. A crosstalk among CCCs and trophic factors is important in short-term and long-term modification of neuronal properties. CCCs appear to be multifunctional proteins that are also involved in shaping neuronal ...
resource - Fujisawa lab
... intrinsic limitations. They can result in incomplete coverage of neurons within the region, which may limit experiments requiring complete labeling (for example, neural silencing), and can result in variable opsin expression levels across cells from the injection center out. The variability in the n ...
... intrinsic limitations. They can result in incomplete coverage of neurons within the region, which may limit experiments requiring complete labeling (for example, neural silencing), and can result in variable opsin expression levels across cells from the injection center out. The variability in the n ...
Visual behaviour mediated by retinal projections directed to the
... of these projections, with concomitant reductions in visual ability11,12. However, a more fundamental issue, whether or how sensory inputs specify the perceptual modality of visual cortex, remains unexplored. Evidence from congenitally blind humans indicates the involvement of visual cortex in non-v ...
... of these projections, with concomitant reductions in visual ability11,12. However, a more fundamental issue, whether or how sensory inputs specify the perceptual modality of visual cortex, remains unexplored. Evidence from congenitally blind humans indicates the involvement of visual cortex in non-v ...
Rapid changes in protein synthesis and cell size in the cochlear
... exogenous substance, without physically destroying the presynaptic neuron. These manipulations are usually referred to as deprivation or enrichment. The subsequent postsynaptic changes depend exclusivelyon the presynaptic and postsynaptic events related to voltage-dependent activO ...
... exogenous substance, without physically destroying the presynaptic neuron. These manipulations are usually referred to as deprivation or enrichment. The subsequent postsynaptic changes depend exclusivelyon the presynaptic and postsynaptic events related to voltage-dependent activO ...
Chapter 8 – Perceiving Motion
... o Answer: as the stimulus sweeps across the retina, it activates directionally selective neurons in the cortex that respond to orientated bars that are moving in a specific direction The response of single directionally selective neuron does not provide sufficient information to indicate the direc ...
... o Answer: as the stimulus sweeps across the retina, it activates directionally selective neurons in the cortex that respond to orientated bars that are moving in a specific direction The response of single directionally selective neuron does not provide sufficient information to indicate the direc ...
Multiple Representation in Primate SI
... 3b leave Area 1 unresponsive, consistent with anatomy studies that show that Area 1 receives the bulk of its input from Area 3b. These findings suggest that direct thalamic inputs to Area 1 play either a weak or a modulatory role in cutaneous information processing (Garraghty et al., 1990). In compa ...
... 3b leave Area 1 unresponsive, consistent with anatomy studies that show that Area 1 receives the bulk of its input from Area 3b. These findings suggest that direct thalamic inputs to Area 1 play either a weak or a modulatory role in cutaneous information processing (Garraghty et al., 1990). In compa ...
Artificial Neural Network PPT
... The difference in concentrations of these two elements causes an electrical potential difference, which in turn causes a current to flow from outside the cell to inside the cell. This is how the neuron takes its inputs ...
... The difference in concentrations of these two elements causes an electrical potential difference, which in turn causes a current to flow from outside the cell to inside the cell. This is how the neuron takes its inputs ...
Stimulus (physiology)
In physiology, a stimulus (plural stimuli) is a detectable change in the internal or external environment. The ability of an organism or organ to respond to external stimuli is called sensitivity. When a stimulus is applied to a sensory receptor, it normally elicits or influences a reflex via stimulus transduction. These sensory receptors can receive information from outside the body, as in touch receptors found in the skin or light receptors in the eye, as well as from inside the body, as in chemoreceptors and mechanorceptors. An internal stimulus is often the first component of a homeostatic control system. External stimuli are capable of producing systemic responses throughout the body, as in the fight-or-flight response. In order for a stimulus to be detected with high probability, its level must exceed the absolute threshold; if a signal does reach threshold, the information is transmitted to the central nervous system (CNS), where it is integrated and a decision on how to react is made. Although stimuli commonly cause the body to respond, it is the CNS that finally determines whether a signal causes a reaction or not.