Chapter 12
... Function of Cerebellum Error Control Device - Monitor, Quality Control – Monitors outputs to muscles from motor cortex and sensory signals from receptors – Compares the efferent project plan with execution at motor action site – Considers related factors and makes adjustments ...
... Function of Cerebellum Error Control Device - Monitor, Quality Control – Monitors outputs to muscles from motor cortex and sensory signals from receptors – Compares the efferent project plan with execution at motor action site – Considers related factors and makes adjustments ...
9 Propagated Signaling: The Action Potential
... NERVE CELLS ARE ABLE TO carry signals over long distances because of their ability to generate an action potential—a regenerative electrical signal whose amplitude does not attenuate as it moves down the axon. In Chapter 7 we saw how an action potential arises from sequential changes in the membrane ...
... NERVE CELLS ARE ABLE TO carry signals over long distances because of their ability to generate an action potential—a regenerative electrical signal whose amplitude does not attenuate as it moves down the axon. In Chapter 7 we saw how an action potential arises from sequential changes in the membrane ...
A COMMON REFERENCE FRAME FOR MOVEMENT PLANS IN
... activated by a visual stimulus. Although these two reference frames are often used interchangeably, they are not always the same. Double-saccade tasks, for example, show how the location of the second visual target is coded relative to current and desired eye positions (eyecentred reference frame), ...
... activated by a visual stimulus. Although these two reference frames are often used interchangeably, they are not always the same. Double-saccade tasks, for example, show how the location of the second visual target is coded relative to current and desired eye positions (eyecentred reference frame), ...
Here - Statistical Analysis of Neuronal Data
... Recent work has shown that primary motor cortical (MI) activity traverses through a lowdimensional neural state space across time. These neural trajectories have been fruitfully used to predict motor output, both in the form of movement kinematics and muscle activity. And yet, these models have not ...
... Recent work has shown that primary motor cortical (MI) activity traverses through a lowdimensional neural state space across time. These neural trajectories have been fruitfully used to predict motor output, both in the form of movement kinematics and muscle activity. And yet, these models have not ...
Down - 서울대 Biointelligence lab
... Fig. 4.13 Some sources of nonlinear (modulatory) effects between synapses as modeled by sigma-pi nodes. (A) shunting (divisive) inhibition, which is often recorded as the effect of inhibitory synapses on the cell body. (B) The effect of simultaneously activated voltage-gated excitatory synapses that ...
... Fig. 4.13 Some sources of nonlinear (modulatory) effects between synapses as modeled by sigma-pi nodes. (A) shunting (divisive) inhibition, which is often recorded as the effect of inhibitory synapses on the cell body. (B) The effect of simultaneously activated voltage-gated excitatory synapses that ...
Gene expression and specificity in the mature zone of the lobster
... mammalian olfactory epithelium (26) by modifying and maintaining the environment around the dendrites of olfactory sensory neurons. The wealth of physiological and biochemical data generated from the lobster olfactory organ has made it an attractive system to investigate underlying molecular events. ...
... mammalian olfactory epithelium (26) by modifying and maintaining the environment around the dendrites of olfactory sensory neurons. The wealth of physiological and biochemical data generated from the lobster olfactory organ has made it an attractive system to investigate underlying molecular events. ...
Spatial and Temporal Structure of Receptive Fields in Primate
... features to be transmitted to the skin. Control studies showed that the firing rates, response structures, and RFs of most area 3b neurons were unaffected by the latex intermediate (J. J. DiC arlo and K . O. Johnson, unpublished observations). RFs estimated in the same scanning direction with and wi ...
... features to be transmitted to the skin. Control studies showed that the firing rates, response structures, and RFs of most area 3b neurons were unaffected by the latex intermediate (J. J. DiC arlo and K . O. Johnson, unpublished observations). RFs estimated in the same scanning direction with and wi ...
IN CONTROL: NERVOUS SYSTEM OUR BRAIN AND
... number of things. Students can test their own short-term memory. Make a number of different "shopping lists" of common objects. The shortest list might have only 4 or 5 things. The longest list might have 12 to 15. Divide the class into pairs and have the students in each pair quiz each other on the ...
... number of things. Students can test their own short-term memory. Make a number of different "shopping lists" of common objects. The shortest list might have only 4 or 5 things. The longest list might have 12 to 15. Divide the class into pairs and have the students in each pair quiz each other on the ...
Neural Correlates of Knowledge: Stable Representation of Stimulus
... the subject must identify the stimulus that has been paired with the cue (e.g., an umbrella). To perform correctly the subject must access their knowledge of the stimulus pairing at some time between when the cue is presented and the choice is made. Using the PA task, previous studies have shown tha ...
... the subject must identify the stimulus that has been paired with the cue (e.g., an umbrella). To perform correctly the subject must access their knowledge of the stimulus pairing at some time between when the cue is presented and the choice is made. Using the PA task, previous studies have shown tha ...
Presumptions about the Mechanics and Causes of
... aggravated the nervous system. Warm colors were said to be calming, while colors of lesser intensity were soothing. Cold colors were to be avoided and color combinations, taken into account [2]. Science has since shifted from a speculative form of providing relief to one based on controlled scientif ...
... aggravated the nervous system. Warm colors were said to be calming, while colors of lesser intensity were soothing. Cold colors were to be avoided and color combinations, taken into account [2]. Science has since shifted from a speculative form of providing relief to one based on controlled scientif ...
Spinal Cord - eCurriculum
... remain within the spinal cord) and projection neurons (whose axons collect into long ascending sensory pathways). 2. Ventral horn (motor): contains cell bodies of large motor neurons that supply skeletal muscle. These occur in groups or clusters related to specific muscles. ...
... remain within the spinal cord) and projection neurons (whose axons collect into long ascending sensory pathways). 2. Ventral horn (motor): contains cell bodies of large motor neurons that supply skeletal muscle. These occur in groups or clusters related to specific muscles. ...
Connectivity and circuitry in a dish versus in a brain
... demonstrated that some microorganisms known for being able to produce visible light-gated proteins that directly regulate the flow of ions across the plasma membrane (channelrhodopsin, bacteriorhodopsin and halorhodopsin) are capable of turning neurons on or off, rapidly and safely, in response to d ...
... demonstrated that some microorganisms known for being able to produce visible light-gated proteins that directly regulate the flow of ions across the plasma membrane (channelrhodopsin, bacteriorhodopsin and halorhodopsin) are capable of turning neurons on or off, rapidly and safely, in response to d ...
Anatomy of the Ear
... 5. Organs of corti contain receptor cells (hair cells) that deform from vibrations 6. Impulses sent to the vestibulocochlear nerve 7. Auditory cortex of the temporal lobe interprets sensory impulses 8. Round window dissipates vibrations within the cochlea ...
... 5. Organs of corti contain receptor cells (hair cells) that deform from vibrations 6. Impulses sent to the vestibulocochlear nerve 7. Auditory cortex of the temporal lobe interprets sensory impulses 8. Round window dissipates vibrations within the cochlea ...
TheEar - WordPress.com
... 5. Organs of corti contain receptor cells (hair cells) that deform from vibrations 6. Impulses sent to the vestibulocochlear nerve 7. Auditory cortex of the temporal lobe interprets sensory impulses 8. Round window dissipates vibrations within the cochlea ...
... 5. Organs of corti contain receptor cells (hair cells) that deform from vibrations 6. Impulses sent to the vestibulocochlear nerve 7. Auditory cortex of the temporal lobe interprets sensory impulses 8. Round window dissipates vibrations within the cochlea ...
Regulation of rCBF by Diffusible Signals: An Analysis of Constraints
... the interstitial space that diffuse to local blood vessels and produce vasodilation. Many substances have been proposed as mediators of the local vascular response to neural activity [see Iadecola, 1993, for a review]. The most recent candidate is Nitric Oxide (NO) [Gally et al., 19901. The current ...
... the interstitial space that diffuse to local blood vessels and produce vasodilation. Many substances have been proposed as mediators of the local vascular response to neural activity [see Iadecola, 1993, for a review]. The most recent candidate is Nitric Oxide (NO) [Gally et al., 19901. The current ...
chapter 12 - cerebellum
... Function of Cerebellum Error Control Device - Monitor, Quality Control – Monitors outputs to muscles from motor cortex and sensory signals from receptors – Compares the efferent project plan with execution at motor action site – Considers related factors and makes adjustments ...
... Function of Cerebellum Error Control Device - Monitor, Quality Control – Monitors outputs to muscles from motor cortex and sensory signals from receptors – Compares the efferent project plan with execution at motor action site – Considers related factors and makes adjustments ...
Corticosteroid–serotonin interactions in the
... Stress, originally defined by Hans Selye as a ‘‘non-specific response of the body to a demand’’, may also be described as any environmental change, either internal or external, that disturbs the maintenance of homeostasis (Leonard, 2005). The term ‘‘stress’’ can be used in two ways: either to identify ...
... Stress, originally defined by Hans Selye as a ‘‘non-specific response of the body to a demand’’, may also be described as any environmental change, either internal or external, that disturbs the maintenance of homeostasis (Leonard, 2005). The term ‘‘stress’’ can be used in two ways: either to identify ...
Cortical modulation of pain
... with tissue injury, generally called nociception, is transduced by peripheral nerve endings and carried to the CNS by axons with characteristic morphology, ion channels and neurochemical signature. The pathways and structures subserving somatic sensation are well established and can be found in stan ...
... with tissue injury, generally called nociception, is transduced by peripheral nerve endings and carried to the CNS by axons with characteristic morphology, ion channels and neurochemical signature. The pathways and structures subserving somatic sensation are well established and can be found in stan ...
Motivation
... the same rate that fat is being stored in those cells—the more fat storage, the more leptin in the blood stream. Hypothalamus monitors levels of leptin and very slowly inhibits eating as levels increase and probably activates eating as the levels drop. Thus, the hypothalamus seems to work to maintai ...
... the same rate that fat is being stored in those cells—the more fat storage, the more leptin in the blood stream. Hypothalamus monitors levels of leptin and very slowly inhibits eating as levels increase and probably activates eating as the levels drop. Thus, the hypothalamus seems to work to maintai ...
Attitudes and Evaluation 1 Attitudes and Evaluation
... emotion, whether there are separate neural correlates of positively and negatively valenced stimuli, the possibility that the same neural systems flexibly process positive and negative stimuli depending on motivational goals, and how ambivalence is reflected in brain activity. Attitudes and Emotion ...
... emotion, whether there are separate neural correlates of positively and negatively valenced stimuli, the possibility that the same neural systems flexibly process positive and negative stimuli depending on motivational goals, and how ambivalence is reflected in brain activity. Attitudes and Emotion ...
Properties and Functional Role of Voltage
... 200 msec) with both fast (time constant, 15–20 msec) and slow (300 – 400 msec) components. Inactivating and noninactivating components were both blocked potently by external tetraethylammonium (half-block by 150 M) and 4-aminopyridine (half-block by 110 M). The voltage dependence, kinetics, and ph ...
... 200 msec) with both fast (time constant, 15–20 msec) and slow (300 – 400 msec) components. Inactivating and noninactivating components were both blocked potently by external tetraethylammonium (half-block by 150 M) and 4-aminopyridine (half-block by 110 M). The voltage dependence, kinetics, and ph ...
Noradrenergic Suppression of Synaptic Transmission May Influence Cortical Signal-to-Noise Ratio
... a previously developed software package written in C by Dr. Linster. The network contains populations of neurons representing pyramidal cells and interneurons in the piriform cortex. This model draws on extensive previous anatomic and physiological research on the olfactory cortex (see Haberly 1985; ...
... a previously developed software package written in C by Dr. Linster. The network contains populations of neurons representing pyramidal cells and interneurons in the piriform cortex. This model draws on extensive previous anatomic and physiological research on the olfactory cortex (see Haberly 1985; ...
Introduction to Psychology
... Discuss the importance of association areas, and describe how damage to several different cortical areas can impair language functioning. Discuss the capacity of the brain to reorganize following injury or illness. Describe research on the split brain, and discuss what is reveals about normal brain ...
... Discuss the importance of association areas, and describe how damage to several different cortical areas can impair language functioning. Discuss the capacity of the brain to reorganize following injury or illness. Describe research on the split brain, and discuss what is reveals about normal brain ...
Cell Type-Specific, Presynaptic LTP of Inhibitory Synapses on Fast
... LTP induction. IPSPs of GABAergic neurons in layer II/III of visual cortical slices were elicited by test stimulation at 0.05 Hz through a concentric bipolar stimulating electrode (125 m diameter, FHC) positioned in the same layer of the cortex (about 100 m from the recording electrode). The inten ...
... LTP induction. IPSPs of GABAergic neurons in layer II/III of visual cortical slices were elicited by test stimulation at 0.05 Hz through a concentric bipolar stimulating electrode (125 m diameter, FHC) positioned in the same layer of the cortex (about 100 m from the recording electrode). The inten ...
Stimulus (physiology)
In physiology, a stimulus (plural stimuli) is a detectable change in the internal or external environment. The ability of an organism or organ to respond to external stimuli is called sensitivity. When a stimulus is applied to a sensory receptor, it normally elicits or influences a reflex via stimulus transduction. These sensory receptors can receive information from outside the body, as in touch receptors found in the skin or light receptors in the eye, as well as from inside the body, as in chemoreceptors and mechanorceptors. An internal stimulus is often the first component of a homeostatic control system. External stimuli are capable of producing systemic responses throughout the body, as in the fight-or-flight response. In order for a stimulus to be detected with high probability, its level must exceed the absolute threshold; if a signal does reach threshold, the information is transmitted to the central nervous system (CNS), where it is integrated and a decision on how to react is made. Although stimuli commonly cause the body to respond, it is the CNS that finally determines whether a signal causes a reaction or not.