The Nervous System in Lumbriculus variegatus
... The giant nerve fibers form two functionally different pathways, as shown in Figure 3. The medial giant fiber (or MGF) is excited by touch sensory stimuli to anterior segments. Once excited, the MGF conducts impulses along the ventral nerve cord and excites segmental motor neurons which, in turn, ex ...
... The giant nerve fibers form two functionally different pathways, as shown in Figure 3. The medial giant fiber (or MGF) is excited by touch sensory stimuli to anterior segments. Once excited, the MGF conducts impulses along the ventral nerve cord and excites segmental motor neurons which, in turn, ex ...
ANATOMY OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
... The giant nerve fibers form two functionally different pathways, as shown in Figure 3. The medial giant fiber (or MGF) is excited by touch sensory stimuli to anterior segments. Once excited, the MGF conducts impulses along the ventral nerve cord and excites segmental motor neurons which, in turn, ex ...
... The giant nerve fibers form two functionally different pathways, as shown in Figure 3. The medial giant fiber (or MGF) is excited by touch sensory stimuli to anterior segments. Once excited, the MGF conducts impulses along the ventral nerve cord and excites segmental motor neurons which, in turn, ex ...
07 Blood Press Vital Sign
... Mean arterial pressure (MAP) is not a simple average of the two pressures, because the duration of diastole is twice that of systole. MAP is used by emergency room and intensive care unit personnel as a measure of the adequacy of blood supplied to vital tissues (such as the brain, heart, and kidneys ...
... Mean arterial pressure (MAP) is not a simple average of the two pressures, because the duration of diastole is twice that of systole. MAP is used by emergency room and intensive care unit personnel as a measure of the adequacy of blood supplied to vital tissues (such as the brain, heart, and kidneys ...
Planar cell polarity signaling in neural development
... Celsr2–3 in brain maturation. This ‘dual’ system was investigated during caudal migration of facial branchiomotor (FBM) neurons from rhombomere (r)4, where they are generated, to r6 where they settle and form nucleus VII. Loss of function of Celsr1 in NSC results into abnormal migration of daughter ...
... Celsr2–3 in brain maturation. This ‘dual’ system was investigated during caudal migration of facial branchiomotor (FBM) neurons from rhombomere (r)4, where they are generated, to r6 where they settle and form nucleus VII. Loss of function of Celsr1 in NSC results into abnormal migration of daughter ...
Time-Dependent Activation of Feed-Forward Inhibition in
... Experiments were done on adult locusts (mostly female) taken from the laboratory colony 3– 4 wk after their final molt. Animals were mounted dorsal side up on a custom-designed polycarbonate holder that allowed us to reproducibly align the stimulated eye with the stimulation apparatus. For extracell ...
... Experiments were done on adult locusts (mostly female) taken from the laboratory colony 3– 4 wk after their final molt. Animals were mounted dorsal side up on a custom-designed polycarbonate holder that allowed us to reproducibly align the stimulated eye with the stimulation apparatus. For extracell ...
Oscillatory Neural Fields for Globally Optimal Path Planning
... reflections. When the activity waves reach the neuron mapping onto the robot's current position, the STA oscillations were turned off. The LTA distribution resulting from this particular simulation run is shown in figure 2. In this figure, light regions denote areas of large LTA state and dark regio ...
... reflections. When the activity waves reach the neuron mapping onto the robot's current position, the STA oscillations were turned off. The LTA distribution resulting from this particular simulation run is shown in figure 2. In this figure, light regions denote areas of large LTA state and dark regio ...
Physiologically-Inspired Model for the Visual Tuning Properties of
... large body of results on the recognition of static shapes suggests that the visual system might not reconstruct the full 3D structure of recognized objects. Instead, it seems to base recognition on an integration of information extracted from two-dimensional views of objects [12], [13], [14], [15]. ...
... large body of results on the recognition of static shapes suggests that the visual system might not reconstruct the full 3D structure of recognized objects. Instead, it seems to base recognition on an integration of information extracted from two-dimensional views of objects [12], [13], [14], [15]. ...
The Nervous System
... Nervous System Communication • This influx of ions at an initial point on the axon triggers reactions that cause the adjacent portion of the axonal membrane to initiate the same influx of ions. • Thus, a conducted nerve impulse, called an action potential, moves down the entire axon in a set of lin ...
... Nervous System Communication • This influx of ions at an initial point on the axon triggers reactions that cause the adjacent portion of the axonal membrane to initiate the same influx of ions. • Thus, a conducted nerve impulse, called an action potential, moves down the entire axon in a set of lin ...
Prefrontal Neurons Coding Suppression of Specific Saccades
... saccade. Some neurons in the FEF are activated specifically for stimuli under no-go conditions (Sommer and Wurtz, 2001). Both of these mechanisms can be considered aspects of global suppression: the monkey is instructed not to make any saccade at all. However, in the real world most choices are not ...
... saccade. Some neurons in the FEF are activated specifically for stimuli under no-go conditions (Sommer and Wurtz, 2001). Both of these mechanisms can be considered aspects of global suppression: the monkey is instructed not to make any saccade at all. However, in the real world most choices are not ...
Representation of Movement
... This model highlights the idea that motion-sensitive neurons are filters tuned along a set of stimulus dimensions such as spatial and temporal frequency, rather than simply feature detectors, as suggested by the model in Figure 1(a). With only two input channels, it is obvious that an ‘apparent moti ...
... This model highlights the idea that motion-sensitive neurons are filters tuned along a set of stimulus dimensions such as spatial and temporal frequency, rather than simply feature detectors, as suggested by the model in Figure 1(a). With only two input channels, it is obvious that an ‘apparent moti ...
NEURAL NETWORK DYNAMICS
... input. In mathematical terms, we need to understand how a system can reconcile a rich internal state structure with a high degree of sensitivity to external variables. This problem is far from solved, but here we review progress that has been made in recent years. Rather than surveying a large numbe ...
... input. In mathematical terms, we need to understand how a system can reconcile a rich internal state structure with a high degree of sensitivity to external variables. This problem is far from solved, but here we review progress that has been made in recent years. Rather than surveying a large numbe ...
Malformations - Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge
... Malformations of the nervous system result from different causes including genetic and environmental factors that may act at different target stages of embryonic or fetal development Genetic factors are usually the consequence of point mutations, and malformations are inherited as autosomal dominant ...
... Malformations of the nervous system result from different causes including genetic and environmental factors that may act at different target stages of embryonic or fetal development Genetic factors are usually the consequence of point mutations, and malformations are inherited as autosomal dominant ...
The 18th European Conference on Artificial - CEUR
... the input net, and they are clamped on when the particular word is being processed. The subnets involved follow Jackendoff’s Tripartite theory, with NLP broken into three main systems, lexicon, syntax and semantics, and the systems communicate via subsystems. Stackless parsing is done by activation ...
... the input net, and they are clamped on when the particular word is being processed. The subnets involved follow Jackendoff’s Tripartite theory, with NLP broken into three main systems, lexicon, syntax and semantics, and the systems communicate via subsystems. Stackless parsing is done by activation ...
An Optogenetic Approach to Understanding the Neural Circuits of Fear
... known to be activated during specific time periods of fear conditioning (example, CS or US periods), but in most cases, their temporally limited, functional role in behavior and neural processing is unknown. In addition, within specific areas of the fear circuit, there are neuronal subpopulations (s ...
... known to be activated during specific time periods of fear conditioning (example, CS or US periods), but in most cases, their temporally limited, functional role in behavior and neural processing is unknown. In addition, within specific areas of the fear circuit, there are neuronal subpopulations (s ...
Non-Cell-Autonomous Effect of Human SOD1G37R
... in vitro that expressed postmitotic motor neuron markers, made neuromuscular junctions, and fired action potentials. Subsequently, we cocultured the human embryonic stem cell (hESC)derived motor neurons with human primary astrocytes expressing either the wild-type or the mutated form of SOD1 protein ...
... in vitro that expressed postmitotic motor neuron markers, made neuromuscular junctions, and fired action potentials. Subsequently, we cocultured the human embryonic stem cell (hESC)derived motor neurons with human primary astrocytes expressing either the wild-type or the mutated form of SOD1 protein ...
A mathematical model on REM-NREM cycle
... synaptic potentials produced through those synapses determine whether it fires an action potential as OUTPUT. When the sum of all its synaptic potential equals or exceeds the threshold, the neuron will fire an action potential along its axon. The action potential will travel until it reaches the ch ...
... synaptic potentials produced through those synapses determine whether it fires an action potential as OUTPUT. When the sum of all its synaptic potential equals or exceeds the threshold, the neuron will fire an action potential along its axon. The action potential will travel until it reaches the ch ...
PDF
... The AN was stimulated with a bipolar stainless steel electrode inserted into the nerve stump. The stimulation protocol consisted of presenting rectangular (monophasic or biphasic) electrical pulses of 0.2-ms duration in 50-ms trains with pulse rates of 100, 200, 300, 500, 800 and 1000 pps. The time ...
... The AN was stimulated with a bipolar stainless steel electrode inserted into the nerve stump. The stimulation protocol consisted of presenting rectangular (monophasic or biphasic) electrical pulses of 0.2-ms duration in 50-ms trains with pulse rates of 100, 200, 300, 500, 800 and 1000 pps. The time ...
Spinal cord
... vertebral column, deep muscles of the back & overlying skin. Posterior root ganglia: Sensory, unipolar with satellite cells. Anterior (ventral) root: Supplies the remaining areas: anterior & lateral regions of the trunk and limbs ...
... vertebral column, deep muscles of the back & overlying skin. Posterior root ganglia: Sensory, unipolar with satellite cells. Anterior (ventral) root: Supplies the remaining areas: anterior & lateral regions of the trunk and limbs ...
Ultrastructure of Glial Cells in the Nervous System of Grillotia
... wrapped in glial cells, and lack perikarya of neurons. Each of the 4 bulbar nerves contains 2 giant axons of up to 12.5 µm and one middle-sized axon neighbor to the giant ones. Thinner fibers are arranged in lobes and glomerules and are tightly adjacent to each other (Biserova, 2002). Giant axons ha ...
... wrapped in glial cells, and lack perikarya of neurons. Each of the 4 bulbar nerves contains 2 giant axons of up to 12.5 µm and one middle-sized axon neighbor to the giant ones. Thinner fibers are arranged in lobes and glomerules and are tightly adjacent to each other (Biserova, 2002). Giant axons ha ...
Preparation for the Dissertation report
... It is reasonable to consider that modeling the brain is fundamental for conceiving engineering systems with similar functionalities. In fact, as stated by Haykin [2], “the brain is the living proof that fault tolerant parallel computing is not only physically possible, but also fast and powerful. It ...
... It is reasonable to consider that modeling the brain is fundamental for conceiving engineering systems with similar functionalities. In fact, as stated by Haykin [2], “the brain is the living proof that fault tolerant parallel computing is not only physically possible, but also fast and powerful. It ...
Form representation in monkey inferotemporal cortex is virtually
... retina, often in a task that does not require stimulus identification (for example, refs. 3–7). It is not clear if neuronal activity would differ in conditions that more closely approximate the animal’s natural behavior. During natural visual exploration (that is, ‘active vision’8), animals are moti ...
... retina, often in a task that does not require stimulus identification (for example, refs. 3–7). It is not clear if neuronal activity would differ in conditions that more closely approximate the animal’s natural behavior. During natural visual exploration (that is, ‘active vision’8), animals are moti ...
Spontaneous Spike Activity of Spinoreticular Tract Neurons During
... moderate level of EMG activity, and little or no EOG and PGO wave activity (Figures 2, 3). The group mean spontaneous spike rate for the same SRT neurons measured 19.1 spikes/s±3.5 (range: 5.2-41.4) and did not significantly differ from values obtained during quiet wakefulness, (p>0.05). The state o ...
... moderate level of EMG activity, and little or no EOG and PGO wave activity (Figures 2, 3). The group mean spontaneous spike rate for the same SRT neurons measured 19.1 spikes/s±3.5 (range: 5.2-41.4) and did not significantly differ from values obtained during quiet wakefulness, (p>0.05). The state o ...
Forward Processing of Long-Term Associative Memory in Monkey
... Figure 2. Stimulus-selective responses to both paired associates of two representative A36 neurons (A and B for one neuron; C and D for the other neuron). A, C, Raster displays and PSTHs in the optimal (optimal, thick black line) and pair ( pair, thick gray line) trials. The trials were aligned at t ...
... Figure 2. Stimulus-selective responses to both paired associates of two representative A36 neurons (A and B for one neuron; C and D for the other neuron). A, C, Raster displays and PSTHs in the optimal (optimal, thick black line) and pair ( pair, thick gray line) trials. The trials were aligned at t ...
the reason of discrepancy of known theories of ageing
... The hydra (Cnidaria vulgaris) concerns to one of most close situated at the root basis of a phylogenetic tree of group of multicellular animals: - coelenterates. Brien (Brien, 1953) informed for the first time about potential immortality of this organism and the fact of potential immortality has pro ...
... The hydra (Cnidaria vulgaris) concerns to one of most close situated at the root basis of a phylogenetic tree of group of multicellular animals: - coelenterates. Brien (Brien, 1953) informed for the first time about potential immortality of this organism and the fact of potential immortality has pro ...
Stimulus (physiology)
In physiology, a stimulus (plural stimuli) is a detectable change in the internal or external environment. The ability of an organism or organ to respond to external stimuli is called sensitivity. When a stimulus is applied to a sensory receptor, it normally elicits or influences a reflex via stimulus transduction. These sensory receptors can receive information from outside the body, as in touch receptors found in the skin or light receptors in the eye, as well as from inside the body, as in chemoreceptors and mechanorceptors. An internal stimulus is often the first component of a homeostatic control system. External stimuli are capable of producing systemic responses throughout the body, as in the fight-or-flight response. In order for a stimulus to be detected with high probability, its level must exceed the absolute threshold; if a signal does reach threshold, the information is transmitted to the central nervous system (CNS), where it is integrated and a decision on how to react is made. Although stimuli commonly cause the body to respond, it is the CNS that finally determines whether a signal causes a reaction or not.