Rhythmicity, randomness and synchrony in climbing fiber signals
... spikes recorded from a Purkinje cell with ‘typical rhythmicity’ in an awake rat [13]. A significant peak at 100 ms shows that complex spikes sometimes occur in doublets at an interval of w100 ms. A single complex spike evokes only one or two spikes [38] in a Purkinje cell axon that descends to the c ...
... spikes recorded from a Purkinje cell with ‘typical rhythmicity’ in an awake rat [13]. A significant peak at 100 ms shows that complex spikes sometimes occur in doublets at an interval of w100 ms. A single complex spike evokes only one or two spikes [38] in a Purkinje cell axon that descends to the c ...
Neuromodulation of in Layer II Medial Entorhinal Cortex I
... Pian et al., 2007). However, since h channel composition is a function of the expression of several possible combinations of HCN (hyperpolarization-activated/cyclic nucleotide) subunits and regulatory subunits, it is not possible to predict the effect of ...
... Pian et al., 2007). However, since h channel composition is a function of the expression of several possible combinations of HCN (hyperpolarization-activated/cyclic nucleotide) subunits and regulatory subunits, it is not possible to predict the effect of ...
J. Comp. Physiol. A
... Römer 1985; Römer et al. 1988; Stumpner 1997, 1999a, 1999b). While some interneurons with restricted frequency responses seem to connect only to a limited number of sensory cells (e.g. Römer 1985; Römer et al. 1988), others receive frequency-specific inhibitions (Römer 1987; Schul 1997; Stumpner ...
... Römer 1985; Römer et al. 1988; Stumpner 1997, 1999a, 1999b). While some interneurons with restricted frequency responses seem to connect only to a limited number of sensory cells (e.g. Römer 1985; Römer et al. 1988), others receive frequency-specific inhibitions (Römer 1987; Schul 1997; Stumpner ...
NVCC Bio 212
... Actions of Amino Acid-Derived Hormones • hormone (first messenger) binds to receptor on cell membrane • adenylate cyclase activated • ATP converted to cAMP • cAMP (second messenger) promotes a series of reactions leading to cellular changes ...
... Actions of Amino Acid-Derived Hormones • hormone (first messenger) binds to receptor on cell membrane • adenylate cyclase activated • ATP converted to cAMP • cAMP (second messenger) promotes a series of reactions leading to cellular changes ...
Psychology
... Nerve impulses are responsible for the way information is transmitted from one neuron to another throughout the nervous system in a rapid manner. Neurons are able to communicate through bodily chemicals called neurotransmitters which are released at connection points called synapses. When neurotrans ...
... Nerve impulses are responsible for the way information is transmitted from one neuron to another throughout the nervous system in a rapid manner. Neurons are able to communicate through bodily chemicals called neurotransmitters which are released at connection points called synapses. When neurotrans ...
Article - Dynamic Connectome Lab
... of individual neurons, and extracellular recordings using single or multiple electrodes (Brette and Destexhe 2012). While each modality provides some information about the system’s dynamics, it is not always clear how this information is related to the underlying neuronal activity. Intracellular rec ...
... of individual neurons, and extracellular recordings using single or multiple electrodes (Brette and Destexhe 2012). While each modality provides some information about the system’s dynamics, it is not always clear how this information is related to the underlying neuronal activity. Intracellular rec ...
the axon hillock and the initial segment
... membrane by a clear interval of about 30 A (Figs. 3 and 5). As its margins are not distinct, these measurements cannot be precise. The undercoating extends from the narrow beginning of the axon to the onset of the myelin sheath, where it ceases as abruptly as it began. In unmyelinated axons the unde ...
... membrane by a clear interval of about 30 A (Figs. 3 and 5). As its margins are not distinct, these measurements cannot be precise. The undercoating extends from the narrow beginning of the axon to the onset of the myelin sheath, where it ceases as abruptly as it began. In unmyelinated axons the unde ...
muscular system
... poison blocks nerve signals from the spinal cord to the muscles, causing severe muscle spasms. The spasms can be so powerful that they tear the muscles or cause fractures of the spine. The time between infection and the first sign of symptoms is typically 7 to 21 days. Most cases of tetanus in the U ...
... poison blocks nerve signals from the spinal cord to the muscles, causing severe muscle spasms. The spasms can be so powerful that they tear the muscles or cause fractures of the spine. The time between infection and the first sign of symptoms is typically 7 to 21 days. Most cases of tetanus in the U ...
Copyright 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
... End of Chapter 12 Copyright 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted in section 117 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without express permission of the copyright owner is unlawful. Request for further information should b ...
... End of Chapter 12 Copyright 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted in section 117 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without express permission of the copyright owner is unlawful. Request for further information should b ...
Chapter 2
... • Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): all nerves & neurons connecting CNS to the rest of the body – PNS is subdivided into the somatic & autonomic nervous systems – Autonomic nervous system subdivided into sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems ...
... • Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): all nerves & neurons connecting CNS to the rest of the body – PNS is subdivided into the somatic & autonomic nervous systems – Autonomic nervous system subdivided into sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems ...
PSYB1 Biopsychology Short Qs JM09 December
... Phenotype should be defined in terms of actual/observable characteristics possessed by an individual. AO2 One mark for an explicit reference to a distinction between the two terms, eg genotype never changes; phenotype can change over time. Two further marks for an example applied to each term. For e ...
... Phenotype should be defined in terms of actual/observable characteristics possessed by an individual. AO2 One mark for an explicit reference to a distinction between the two terms, eg genotype never changes; phenotype can change over time. Two further marks for an example applied to each term. For e ...
MSH-induced inhibition of oxytocin cells
... and peristimulus time histograms (PSTH) were constructed to quantify the responses. For each cell, the responses to trains were analyzed by constructing PSTHs for 1,000 s (200 trains, 250 bins of 20 ms) in control conditions and during and after drug application by retrodialysis to the SON. The PSTH ...
... and peristimulus time histograms (PSTH) were constructed to quantify the responses. For each cell, the responses to trains were analyzed by constructing PSTHs for 1,000 s (200 trains, 250 bins of 20 ms) in control conditions and during and after drug application by retrodialysis to the SON. The PSTH ...
Structural Changes in AMPA-Receptive Neurons in the Nucleus of
... hypertension by examining GluR1 in the NTS of young, normotensive SHRs and by examining regions of the NTS that do not receive cardiovascular afferents. We found changes in both the morphology and AMPA receptor content ...
... hypertension by examining GluR1 in the NTS of young, normotensive SHRs and by examining regions of the NTS that do not receive cardiovascular afferents. We found changes in both the morphology and AMPA receptor content ...
The Nervous System
... increase in heart and respiratory rate, slows down the GI system, and dilates pupils. The sympathetic system also controls constriction of blood vessels. The parasympathetic system prepares the body for resting and digesting. It releases acetylcholine, which slows heart and respiratory rates, constr ...
... increase in heart and respiratory rate, slows down the GI system, and dilates pupils. The sympathetic system also controls constriction of blood vessels. The parasympathetic system prepares the body for resting and digesting. It releases acetylcholine, which slows heart and respiratory rates, constr ...
REVIEW Reticular formation and spinal cord injury
... simple contraction of a single muscle works in the following highly coordinative way. 1. Contraction needs a complex mechanism of sensory inputs to trigger it. 2. The contraction itself involves a series of complex physiological processes. 3. The antagonist muscle must relax. 4. The arterial supply ...
... simple contraction of a single muscle works in the following highly coordinative way. 1. Contraction needs a complex mechanism of sensory inputs to trigger it. 2. The contraction itself involves a series of complex physiological processes. 3. The antagonist muscle must relax. 4. The arterial supply ...
2320lecture22
... • Since attention has a profound effect on perception, one would expect it to have some measurable effect on the brain • This has been confirmed with a variety of techniques: EEG, fMRI/PET, Unit Recordings ...
... • Since attention has a profound effect on perception, one would expect it to have some measurable effect on the brain • This has been confirmed with a variety of techniques: EEG, fMRI/PET, Unit Recordings ...
Parthenogenetic dopamine neurons from primate embryonic stem
... including forebrain neurons (Yan et al., 2005) and neural crest derivatives (Lee et al., 2007; Elkabetz et al., 2008). Some of these TH+ neurons produce DA but have different axonal connectivity and physiology from those in the midbrain substantia nigra (SN) that are lost in Parkinson’s disease. Par ...
... including forebrain neurons (Yan et al., 2005) and neural crest derivatives (Lee et al., 2007; Elkabetz et al., 2008). Some of these TH+ neurons produce DA but have different axonal connectivity and physiology from those in the midbrain substantia nigra (SN) that are lost in Parkinson’s disease. Par ...
PDF
... The analogy between the basal ganglia and actor – critic models builds on the strong resemblance between DA neuron activity and the TD prediction error signal, and between DA-dependent long-term synaptic plasticity in the striatum (Calabresi et al., 2000; Wickens, Begg, & Arbuthnott, 1996) and learn ...
... The analogy between the basal ganglia and actor – critic models builds on the strong resemblance between DA neuron activity and the TD prediction error signal, and between DA-dependent long-term synaptic plasticity in the striatum (Calabresi et al., 2000; Wickens, Begg, & Arbuthnott, 1996) and learn ...
identification of cell types in brain slices of the inferior colliculus
... of the dendritic tree. 9,22,25,33,51 The principal neuron is discshaped (called the ¯at neuron in rats) with dendrites that parallel the ®bro-dendritic laminae. A second, less common neuron with a different dendritic morphology is also found in all species studied (e.g. the less-¯at neuron in the ra ...
... of the dendritic tree. 9,22,25,33,51 The principal neuron is discshaped (called the ¯at neuron in rats) with dendrites that parallel the ®bro-dendritic laminae. A second, less common neuron with a different dendritic morphology is also found in all species studied (e.g. the less-¯at neuron in the ra ...
introduction - HAL
... responses to stress and in establishing cognitive functions (2). The classical nuclear MR is involved in ...
... responses to stress and in establishing cognitive functions (2). The classical nuclear MR is involved in ...
(B) rosiglitazone
... d, Double immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization detecting b-endorphin protein and Ucp2 mRNA, respectively, in coronal sections from wild-type mice. Arrows indicate the presence of b-endorphin neurons co-localized with Ucp2 mRNA. 3V, third ventricle. ...
... d, Double immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization detecting b-endorphin protein and Ucp2 mRNA, respectively, in coronal sections from wild-type mice. Arrows indicate the presence of b-endorphin neurons co-localized with Ucp2 mRNA. 3V, third ventricle. ...
The Nervous System - Learning on the Loop
... nervous system and autonomic nervous system. 29.14 Explain the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system. 29.15 Describe the causes, signs and symptoms, and treatments of various diseases and disorders of the nervous system. ...
... nervous system and autonomic nervous system. 29.14 Explain the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system. 29.15 Describe the causes, signs and symptoms, and treatments of various diseases and disorders of the nervous system. ...
Chapter 2 - TC Online
... Major excitatory neurotransmitter; involved in learning, memory formation, nervous system development, and synaptic plasticity ...
... Major excitatory neurotransmitter; involved in learning, memory formation, nervous system development, and synaptic plasticity ...
A AP Biology
... Illustrative Examples: Plant defenses against pathogens that trigger infected and adjacent cells to limit spread of infection. ...
... Illustrative Examples: Plant defenses against pathogens that trigger infected and adjacent cells to limit spread of infection. ...
Acetylcholine - American College of Neuropsychopharmacology
... source of cholinergic innervation to the telencephalon (Fig. 1.1), was thought to be involved in arousal or sleep regulation. Either lesions or electric stimulation of subregions of the basal forebrain can facilitate sleep and synchronize the EEG, and cholinergic drugs regulate EEG synchrony (33). M ...
... source of cholinergic innervation to the telencephalon (Fig. 1.1), was thought to be involved in arousal or sleep regulation. Either lesions or electric stimulation of subregions of the basal forebrain can facilitate sleep and synchronize the EEG, and cholinergic drugs regulate EEG synchrony (33). M ...
Stimulus (physiology)
In physiology, a stimulus (plural stimuli) is a detectable change in the internal or external environment. The ability of an organism or organ to respond to external stimuli is called sensitivity. When a stimulus is applied to a sensory receptor, it normally elicits or influences a reflex via stimulus transduction. These sensory receptors can receive information from outside the body, as in touch receptors found in the skin or light receptors in the eye, as well as from inside the body, as in chemoreceptors and mechanorceptors. An internal stimulus is often the first component of a homeostatic control system. External stimuli are capable of producing systemic responses throughout the body, as in the fight-or-flight response. In order for a stimulus to be detected with high probability, its level must exceed the absolute threshold; if a signal does reach threshold, the information is transmitted to the central nervous system (CNS), where it is integrated and a decision on how to react is made. Although stimuli commonly cause the body to respond, it is the CNS that finally determines whether a signal causes a reaction or not.