The Role of Mirror Neurons in Movement
... performing a similar action. Some premotor (F5) mirror neurons have also been shown to be corticospinal neurons, meaning that spinal targets are also influenced during action observation. Simultaneous electromyography (EMG) recordings from hand and arm muscles provide important evidence that the act ...
... performing a similar action. Some premotor (F5) mirror neurons have also been shown to be corticospinal neurons, meaning that spinal targets are also influenced during action observation. Simultaneous electromyography (EMG) recordings from hand and arm muscles provide important evidence that the act ...
The role of the basal ganglia in reinforcement learning
... demonstrate the additional complexity of the network compared to the classical view. The basal ganglia neuro-modulators adjust activity along the main axis by regulation of plasticity at the corticostriatal synapses (21, 22). The primary basal ganglia neuromodulators are dopamine (from midbrain dopa ...
... demonstrate the additional complexity of the network compared to the classical view. The basal ganglia neuro-modulators adjust activity along the main axis by regulation of plasticity at the corticostriatal synapses (21, 22). The primary basal ganglia neuromodulators are dopamine (from midbrain dopa ...
Neuropathological Characteristics of Brachial Plexus Avulsion Injury
... ChAT-positive motor neurons were counted on both the intact and lesioned side of the C5, C6, and C7 spinal segments. Because ChAT immunoreactivity may be changed as a consequence of injury, serials sections stained with CV were also used to quantify the motor neurons as an independent marker. Only C ...
... ChAT-positive motor neurons were counted on both the intact and lesioned side of the C5, C6, and C7 spinal segments. Because ChAT immunoreactivity may be changed as a consequence of injury, serials sections stained with CV were also used to quantify the motor neurons as an independent marker. Only C ...
Inhibitory Gating of Basolateral Amygdala Inputs to the Prefrontal
... including parvalbumin (PV) and somatostatin (SOM) expressing interneurons (Kawaguchi and Kubota, 1997, 1998; Marlin and Carter, 2014). In principle, BLA inputs are well positioned to synapse onto these interneurons to drive local inhibition in the circuit. In deeper layers, interneurons have been fo ...
... including parvalbumin (PV) and somatostatin (SOM) expressing interneurons (Kawaguchi and Kubota, 1997, 1998; Marlin and Carter, 2014). In principle, BLA inputs are well positioned to synapse onto these interneurons to drive local inhibition in the circuit. In deeper layers, interneurons have been fo ...
Vagal Ischemia Induced Lung Immune Component Infarct Following
... was a relationship between vagal complex ischemia and lung immune complexes occupying the lymph node infarct in SAH. MaterIal and Methods: Thirty-two rabbits were divided into three groups: Control (n=5), SHAM (n=5) and SAH group (n=22). SAH was created by autologous blood injection into the cistern ...
... was a relationship between vagal complex ischemia and lung immune complexes occupying the lymph node infarct in SAH. MaterIal and Methods: Thirty-two rabbits were divided into three groups: Control (n=5), SHAM (n=5) and SAH group (n=22). SAH was created by autologous blood injection into the cistern ...
NIH Public Access
... FM-FM neurons in all bats are responsive to the combination of a bat's emitted pulse and returning echo with particular time delays. What differs among bats is the relationship between the spectra of the pulse and echo that activate the delay-tuned response. In bats that primarily use FM signals in ...
... FM-FM neurons in all bats are responsive to the combination of a bat's emitted pulse and returning echo with particular time delays. What differs among bats is the relationship between the spectra of the pulse and echo that activate the delay-tuned response. In bats that primarily use FM signals in ...
location and function of serotonin in the central and peripheral
... identified, first histochemically (Schooneveld 1970), and later immunohistochemically, with polyclonal antisera to vertebrate and invertebrate peptides (Veenstra and Schooneveld 1984; Veenstra et al. 1985) and with monoclonal antibodies (Schooneveld et al. 1989; Schooneveld and Smid 1990; Smid and S ...
... identified, first histochemically (Schooneveld 1970), and later immunohistochemically, with polyclonal antisera to vertebrate and invertebrate peptides (Veenstra and Schooneveld 1984; Veenstra et al. 1985) and with monoclonal antibodies (Schooneveld et al. 1989; Schooneveld and Smid 1990; Smid and S ...
Understanding the process of multisensory integration
... Chapter 3 describes the most recent work, in which the focus has been on how this process develops. Neurons in the brain do not integrate cues "by default"; rather, multisensory integration capabilities must be developed postnatally. This development is contingent on experience with cross-modal cues ...
... Chapter 3 describes the most recent work, in which the focus has been on how this process develops. Neurons in the brain do not integrate cues "by default"; rather, multisensory integration capabilities must be developed postnatally. This development is contingent on experience with cross-modal cues ...
Ethanol Potentiation of Glycine-Induced Responses in Dissociated
... Whole-cell current decays were fit by a Chebychev algorithm (pCLAMP). Statistical analyses of concentration-response data were performed using a nonlinear curve-fitting program (Sigma Plot; Jandel Scientific, San Rafael, CA). Data were statistically compared using Student’s t test at a significance ...
... Whole-cell current decays were fit by a Chebychev algorithm (pCLAMP). Statistical analyses of concentration-response data were performed using a nonlinear curve-fitting program (Sigma Plot; Jandel Scientific, San Rafael, CA). Data were statistically compared using Student’s t test at a significance ...
The Development of Ocular Dominance Columns
... are fonned during nonnal development in large part by the rearrangement of initial connections whose pattern is much more diffuse. The cortical network reorganizes itself under the influence of its own neural activity. The notion that the visual cortex is a self-organizing biological system has prom ...
... are fonned during nonnal development in large part by the rearrangement of initial connections whose pattern is much more diffuse. The cortical network reorganizes itself under the influence of its own neural activity. The notion that the visual cortex is a self-organizing biological system has prom ...
JAMA SIDS
... receptor binding in the medullae of infants dying from sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) were identified, suggesting that medullary 5-HT dysfunction may be responsible for a subset of SIDS cases. Objective To investigate cellular defects associated with altered 5-HT receptor binding in the 5-HT pa ...
... receptor binding in the medullae of infants dying from sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) were identified, suggesting that medullary 5-HT dysfunction may be responsible for a subset of SIDS cases. Objective To investigate cellular defects associated with altered 5-HT receptor binding in the 5-HT pa ...
The Cellular Basis of a Corollary Discharge
... thoracic ganglion, and spikes in CDI elicited IPSPs and PADs in both the left- and right-side ON1s and afferents. Paired recordings of CDI in its dendrite and prothoracic axon showed that CDI spikes take 2.8 ms to reach the auditory neuropil (n 0 4) (Fig. 2, H and I), which leaves less than 1 ms fro ...
... thoracic ganglion, and spikes in CDI elicited IPSPs and PADs in both the left- and right-side ON1s and afferents. Paired recordings of CDI in its dendrite and prothoracic axon showed that CDI spikes take 2.8 ms to reach the auditory neuropil (n 0 4) (Fig. 2, H and I), which leaves less than 1 ms fro ...
Processing of Interaural Intensity Differences in the LSO: Role of
... that produced a 50% reduction in response rate. One of the problems encountered when studying IE neurons concerns the choice of a feature that uniquely describes the unit’s sensitivity to IIDs. Spike count is an unstable index because the spike count depends on factors other than the IID, such as st ...
... that produced a 50% reduction in response rate. One of the problems encountered when studying IE neurons concerns the choice of a feature that uniquely describes the unit’s sensitivity to IIDs. Spike count is an unstable index because the spike count depends on factors other than the IID, such as st ...
PDF
... a variable-length delay period ensued before the 50 ms presentation of a barely-perceptible target in the same location as one of the two cues. The monkeys completed the trial correctly (a ‘hit’) by making a saccadic eye movement to the location of the target within 600 ms. Generally, ‘miss’ trials ...
... a variable-length delay period ensued before the 50 ms presentation of a barely-perceptible target in the same location as one of the two cues. The monkeys completed the trial correctly (a ‘hit’) by making a saccadic eye movement to the location of the target within 600 ms. Generally, ‘miss’ trials ...
THESIS D - Krishikosh
... I express my sincere thanks to Mr. S. N. Gawande. University Librarian, MAFSU, Nagpur. I also offer my sincere thanks to Mr. Dinesh Patil, Assistant Professors of Statistics, Department of Veterinary Genetics, Nagpur Veterinary College, Nagpur for their suggestions and guidance as and when required ...
... I express my sincere thanks to Mr. S. N. Gawande. University Librarian, MAFSU, Nagpur. I also offer my sincere thanks to Mr. Dinesh Patil, Assistant Professors of Statistics, Department of Veterinary Genetics, Nagpur Veterinary College, Nagpur for their suggestions and guidance as and when required ...
Frontal Eye Field Sends Delay Activity Related to Movement
... 800 –1200 ms later by the instruction. In the other half of the trials (Fig. 1D), the order was reversed so that the instruction appeared first. The instruction took the form of a color change of the foveated spot from blue either to green (Go instruction) or red (Nogo instruction). In all trials, a ...
... 800 –1200 ms later by the instruction. In the other half of the trials (Fig. 1D), the order was reversed so that the instruction appeared first. The instruction took the form of a color change of the foveated spot from blue either to green (Go instruction) or red (Nogo instruction). In all trials, a ...
Operant conditioning and motor cortex - D
... PRIMATE MOTOR CORTEX Andrew S. Whitford, PhD University of Pittsburgh, 2016 ...
... PRIMATE MOTOR CORTEX Andrew S. Whitford, PhD University of Pittsburgh, 2016 ...
A transcription factor network controls cell migration
... The relative numbers of neuronal cell types produced during pineal complex development are very consistent across embryos, suggesting the existence of a robust molecular mechanism that governs cell specification in the pineal complex. Indeed, within the pineal organ, BMP and Notch activities regulat ...
... The relative numbers of neuronal cell types produced during pineal complex development are very consistent across embryos, suggesting the existence of a robust molecular mechanism that governs cell specification in the pineal complex. Indeed, within the pineal organ, BMP and Notch activities regulat ...
View PDF - MRC BNDU - University of Oxford
... co-expression of different markers was determined as follows: first, neurons that showed the DAB-brown precipitate in the soma and primary dendrites were considered positive and counted. Second, neurons showing dense accumulation of black silver granules that followed the shape of the cell soma and ...
... co-expression of different markers was determined as follows: first, neurons that showed the DAB-brown precipitate in the soma and primary dendrites were considered positive and counted. Second, neurons showing dense accumulation of black silver granules that followed the shape of the cell soma and ...
Neurobiological Mechanisms Underlying Oestradiol Negative and
... available transgenic models. Second, GnRH neurones from different cycle stages would be exposed to different levels of oestradiol for different durations. Third, other ovarian hormones also change in a cyclical manner, further adding to the number of variables that must be accounted for in data inte ...
... available transgenic models. Second, GnRH neurones from different cycle stages would be exposed to different levels of oestradiol for different durations. Third, other ovarian hormones also change in a cyclical manner, further adding to the number of variables that must be accounted for in data inte ...
Thomas C. Südhof - Nobel Lecture Slides
... described a candidate Ca2+-sensor for fusion HOWEVER: Many doubted that SNARE & SM proteins ‘do’ membrane fusion, others suggested that synaptotagmin is a scaffold but NOT a Ca2+-sensor for fusion, and we had no idea how Ca2+-influx is localized to the site of vesicle fusion ...
... described a candidate Ca2+-sensor for fusion HOWEVER: Many doubted that SNARE & SM proteins ‘do’ membrane fusion, others suggested that synaptotagmin is a scaffold but NOT a Ca2+-sensor for fusion, and we had no idea how Ca2+-influx is localized to the site of vesicle fusion ...
Wnt/Planar Cell Polarity Signaling Controls the Anterior–Posterior
... using a Carl Zeiss Axioskop 2 microscope. in M. A, In E12.5 wild-type (WT) embryos, axons in the ascending 5-HT population emanate from the floor plate (FP) and strictly grow Then, using Carl Zeiss Axiovision software, an- anterior toward the brain (arrows). In contrast, Fzd3⫺/⫺ (B) or Lp/Lp (C) mic ...
... using a Carl Zeiss Axioskop 2 microscope. in M. A, In E12.5 wild-type (WT) embryos, axons in the ascending 5-HT population emanate from the floor plate (FP) and strictly grow Then, using Carl Zeiss Axiovision software, an- anterior toward the brain (arrows). In contrast, Fzd3⫺/⫺ (B) or Lp/Lp (C) mic ...
Ectopic Expression of the Neuropeptide Pigment
... virtually all neurons when it was under control of the elav promotor as revealed by in situ hybridization with complementary pdf mRNA (data not shown). In contrast to this, the mature peptide revealed by PDH immunohistochemistry was found in many but not in all neurons (see Comparison of GFP express ...
... virtually all neurons when it was under control of the elav promotor as revealed by in situ hybridization with complementary pdf mRNA (data not shown). In contrast to this, the mature peptide revealed by PDH immunohistochemistry was found in many but not in all neurons (see Comparison of GFP express ...
Local network regulation of orexin neurons in the lateral hypothalamus
... will preferentially release glutamate and increase the excitability of postsynaptic orexin neurons. With higher firing frequencies, glutamate release becomes depressed (133), while peptide release would be favored. This will initially induce an inhibitory postsynaptic response due to the inhibitory ...
... will preferentially release glutamate and increase the excitability of postsynaptic orexin neurons. With higher firing frequencies, glutamate release becomes depressed (133), while peptide release would be favored. This will initially induce an inhibitory postsynaptic response due to the inhibitory ...