A dedicated circuit links direction-selective retinal
... shell/DSGC-RZ probably include thalamocortical relay neurons, but it was unclear whether they target specific V1 layers. To determine whether there is laminar specificity of mouse geniculocortical connections we injected retrograde tracers into different V1 ...
... shell/DSGC-RZ probably include thalamocortical relay neurons, but it was unclear whether they target specific V1 layers. To determine whether there is laminar specificity of mouse geniculocortical connections we injected retrograde tracers into different V1 ...
Table of Contents
... Hodgkin & Huxley (1952) - giant squid – Fluids inside and outside neuron – Electrically charged particles (ions) – Neuron at rest – negative charge on inside compared to outside – -70 millivolts – resting potential ...
... Hodgkin & Huxley (1952) - giant squid – Fluids inside and outside neuron – Electrically charged particles (ions) – Neuron at rest – negative charge on inside compared to outside – -70 millivolts – resting potential ...
PDF
... localized to the dorsal cortex of the MP2 precursor. We used confocal microscopy to document numb protein localization in the dividing MP2 precursor; MP2 was unambiguously identified by expression of the MP2-specific enhancer trap line AJ96. The stage of the cell cycle was assayed by staining for DN ...
... localized to the dorsal cortex of the MP2 precursor. We used confocal microscopy to document numb protein localization in the dividing MP2 precursor; MP2 was unambiguously identified by expression of the MP2-specific enhancer trap line AJ96. The stage of the cell cycle was assayed by staining for DN ...
PSNS 2nd Lecture 1433 - Home - KSU Faculty Member websites
... antiporter that removes protons (carrier B). This transporter can be blocked by vesamicol (cholinergic physiological antagonist) Release of ACh is dependent on extracellular Ca2+ and occurs when an action potential reaches the terminal and triggers sufficient influx of Ca2+ ions The increased Ca ...
... antiporter that removes protons (carrier B). This transporter can be blocked by vesamicol (cholinergic physiological antagonist) Release of ACh is dependent on extracellular Ca2+ and occurs when an action potential reaches the terminal and triggers sufficient influx of Ca2+ ions The increased Ca ...
Multiple dynamic representations in the motor cortex
... detect fluorescence events36 corresponding to small bursts of action potentials (.2 action potentials)34 (Supplementary Fig. 5 and Methods). Events were detected in 10.6% of neurons per session (Methods and Supplementary Table 1) (Fig. 2f). Of all neurons, 43% showed activity in at least one session ...
... detect fluorescence events36 corresponding to small bursts of action potentials (.2 action potentials)34 (Supplementary Fig. 5 and Methods). Events were detected in 10.6% of neurons per session (Methods and Supplementary Table 1) (Fig. 2f). Of all neurons, 43% showed activity in at least one session ...
Figure and Ground in the Visual Cortex: V2 Combines Stereoscopic
... A fraction of the orientation-selective neurons in macaque area V2 signal not only the location and orientation of luminance and color edges, but also the location of the figure to which an edge “belongs” (Zhou et al., 2000). Figure 2A illustrates a V2 neuron that responds more strongly to the botto ...
... A fraction of the orientation-selective neurons in macaque area V2 signal not only the location and orientation of luminance and color edges, but also the location of the figure to which an edge “belongs” (Zhou et al., 2000). Figure 2A illustrates a V2 neuron that responds more strongly to the botto ...
Goal-Directed Navigation based on Path Integration and Decoding
... provided by Bush et al (2015); as enumerated by them, several neural models have been proposed for decoding grid cell signals: Fiete et al (2008) consider the grid cell system to implement a residue number system, and propose that grid cells could be read out using a neural architecture earlier prop ...
... provided by Bush et al (2015); as enumerated by them, several neural models have been proposed for decoding grid cell signals: Fiete et al (2008) consider the grid cell system to implement a residue number system, and propose that grid cells could be read out using a neural architecture earlier prop ...
Ventral Intraparietal Area of the Macaque: Anatomic Location and
... as the physiologically defined VIP. In the present study we examined visual and oculomotor properties of neurons in VIP with stimuli and testing procedures designed to allow direct comparison with results obtained from previous recordings in area MT (Albright 1984; Maunsell and Van Essen 1983a). We ...
... as the physiologically defined VIP. In the present study we examined visual and oculomotor properties of neurons in VIP with stimuli and testing procedures designed to allow direct comparison with results obtained from previous recordings in area MT (Albright 1984; Maunsell and Van Essen 1983a). We ...
Use of an Amino-Cupric-Silver Technique for the Detection of Early
... stored in fixative for 2-3 days. Good results, however, have been obtained in sections that have been postfixed for only 25 h or at the other extreme for 2-3 months in a refrigerator (4°C). The postfixation eventually suppresses normal fiber staining; at 24 h some normal fibers will be stained, whil ...
... stored in fixative for 2-3 days. Good results, however, have been obtained in sections that have been postfixed for only 25 h or at the other extreme for 2-3 months in a refrigerator (4°C). The postfixation eventually suppresses normal fiber staining; at 24 h some normal fibers will be stained, whil ...
The mirror mechanism: recent findings and perspectives
... ventral premotor area F5 [1–3], and subsequently in the monkey inferior parietal area PFG [4,5]. Their discovery was preceded by a prolonged anatomical and functional investigation of the premotor areas that enabled our group to highlight a series of unexpected functions of these areas [6,7]. Among ...
... ventral premotor area F5 [1–3], and subsequently in the monkey inferior parietal area PFG [4,5]. Their discovery was preceded by a prolonged anatomical and functional investigation of the premotor areas that enabled our group to highlight a series of unexpected functions of these areas [6,7]. Among ...
Electrical stimulation of neural tissue to evoke behavioral responses
... 160 PA produced an abrupt increase in frequency threshold at short interpulse intervals. So in this case, a current of 160 PA activated axons 0.175 mm (0.35 mm/21 from the electrode tip. Assuming a squared current-distance relationship, Fouriezos and Wise calculated a minimum current-distance consta ...
... 160 PA produced an abrupt increase in frequency threshold at short interpulse intervals. So in this case, a current of 160 PA activated axons 0.175 mm (0.35 mm/21 from the electrode tip. Assuming a squared current-distance relationship, Fouriezos and Wise calculated a minimum current-distance consta ...
Morphology of Feedback Neurons in the Mushroom Body of the
... Wild-Polyvar microscope (Leica, Bensheim, Germany). For this study, 28 specimens were evaluated. Each consisted of 1–20 marked neurons; thus, more than 200 neurons were stained and analyzed. According to their branching patterns, the feedback neurons could be classified into different classes. Howev ...
... Wild-Polyvar microscope (Leica, Bensheim, Germany). For this study, 28 specimens were evaluated. Each consisted of 1–20 marked neurons; thus, more than 200 neurons were stained and analyzed. According to their branching patterns, the feedback neurons could be classified into different classes. Howev ...
Neurodynamical modeling of arbitrary visuomotor tasks
... In the introductory section, we give first a review of the literature of conditional visuomotor learning. We focus on the specific experiments used to study this paradigm. This view has not been extensively considered in the literature so far, but it is central to the manuscript presented in Chapter ...
... In the introductory section, we give first a review of the literature of conditional visuomotor learning. We focus on the specific experiments used to study this paradigm. This view has not been extensively considered in the literature so far, but it is central to the manuscript presented in Chapter ...
Corticofugal Modulation of Initial Sound
... onto glass slides and stained using the Nissl method. The electrolytic neurons were measured, two experimental protocols were applied to lesion was examined under a light microscope. An example is shown evaluate the influence of the cortex on the activities of CN neurons. in Figure 1, B and C. One e ...
... onto glass slides and stained using the Nissl method. The electrolytic neurons were measured, two experimental protocols were applied to lesion was examined under a light microscope. An example is shown evaluate the influence of the cortex on the activities of CN neurons. in Figure 1, B and C. One e ...
Poulet etal - Cornell University
... and Huber 1982) and bat detection during flight (Nolen and Hoy 1983). As expected from the whole nerve recordings, single auditory afferent neurons responded with bursts of spikes in response to each syllable (Fig. 2a). Additionally prior to the start of some of the quieter chirps, the axonal arborisa ...
... and Huber 1982) and bat detection during flight (Nolen and Hoy 1983). As expected from the whole nerve recordings, single auditory afferent neurons responded with bursts of spikes in response to each syllable (Fig. 2a). Additionally prior to the start of some of the quieter chirps, the axonal arborisa ...
Mirror Neurons Responding to Observation of Actions Made with
... Luppino, and Rizzolatti (1985). In Monkey 1, we investigated also part of medial F5. All neurons were tested for their responsiveness to monkey active movements and to visual stimuli (see also Methods). Testing motor properties mainly consisted in eliciting hand, arm, and mouth actions by presenting ...
... Luppino, and Rizzolatti (1985). In Monkey 1, we investigated also part of medial F5. All neurons were tested for their responsiveness to monkey active movements and to visual stimuli (see also Methods). Testing motor properties mainly consisted in eliciting hand, arm, and mouth actions by presenting ...
Neurons in the Most Superficial Lamina of the Mouse Superior
... ON–OFF direction-selective (DS) retinal ganglion cells (the DRD4 RGCs) was found to project exclusively into the upper SGS (Huberman et al., 2009). In contrast, the transient OFF ␣-RGCs project into the lower SGS (Huberman et al., 2008). Thus, these studies suggest that the visual layers of the SC m ...
... ON–OFF direction-selective (DS) retinal ganglion cells (the DRD4 RGCs) was found to project exclusively into the upper SGS (Huberman et al., 2009). In contrast, the transient OFF ␣-RGCs project into the lower SGS (Huberman et al., 2008). Thus, these studies suggest that the visual layers of the SC m ...
![Responses to Odors Mapped in Snail Tentacle and Brain by [14C]](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/017009313_1-932f7069dbfdd3fd3915bbe942d02b0f-300x300.png)
Responses to Odors Mapped in Snail Tentacle and Brain by [14C]
... 1983). The digit foci were often sharply circumscribed and, in some cases, only a portion of an otherwise homogeneous fiber bundle was labeled (Fig. 3E). Stimulus-dependent labeling in the tentacle. The effects of sensory stimulation upon 2-DG uptake in the tentacle are shown in Figure 4. These micr ...
... 1983). The digit foci were often sharply circumscribed and, in some cases, only a portion of an otherwise homogeneous fiber bundle was labeled (Fig. 3E). Stimulus-dependent labeling in the tentacle. The effects of sensory stimulation upon 2-DG uptake in the tentacle are shown in Figure 4. These micr ...
Olfactory modulation by dopamine in the context of aversive learning
... This task is made all the more difficult because most resources have patchy distributions and varying reward values. This variability establishes different behavioral contexts in which sensory information is encoded by the nervous system. The nervous system must therefore adjust its activity so that ...
... This task is made all the more difficult because most resources have patchy distributions and varying reward values. This variability establishes different behavioral contexts in which sensory information is encoded by the nervous system. The nervous system must therefore adjust its activity so that ...
ficient mice: Distinct effects in Finnish variant late infantile NCL
... nia and seizures culminating in an early death between 14 and 36 years (Santavuori et al., 1993; Santavuori et al., 1982). Although the function of the CLN5 protein has remained elusive, the consensus view is that its predominant form is a soluble lysosomal protein (Sleat et al., 2005). Several anim ...
... nia and seizures culminating in an early death between 14 and 36 years (Santavuori et al., 1993; Santavuori et al., 1982). Although the function of the CLN5 protein has remained elusive, the consensus view is that its predominant form is a soluble lysosomal protein (Sleat et al., 2005). Several anim ...
Modulation of Responses of Feline Ventral Spinocerebellar Tract
... once each) after a period of recovery. For interpretation of the effects of ionophoresis, it is important to verify that the effects seen are mediated by the drug itself and cannot merely be ascribed to the effects of H⫹ ions ejected by passing positive current (see Krnjevic and Phillis, 1963; Bras ...
... once each) after a period of recovery. For interpretation of the effects of ionophoresis, it is important to verify that the effects seen are mediated by the drug itself and cannot merely be ascribed to the effects of H⫹ ions ejected by passing positive current (see Krnjevic and Phillis, 1963; Bras ...
ALGORITHMICS - Universitatea de Vest din Timisoara
... Associative memories = the recall process is based on stored content not on an address Adaptive control = find a control signal which ensure a given output of a system ...
... Associative memories = the recall process is based on stored content not on an address Adaptive control = find a control signal which ensure a given output of a system ...
Memory, Learning, and Synaptic Plasticity
... he emerged from the surgery with irreparable damage: he appeared to have lost his ability to form new memories. He did not recognize doctors who saw him frequently. Within half an hour of eating lunch, he could not remember a single item he had eaten; in fact, he could not remember having eaten lunc ...
... he emerged from the surgery with irreparable damage: he appeared to have lost his ability to form new memories. He did not recognize doctors who saw him frequently. Within half an hour of eating lunch, he could not remember a single item he had eaten; in fact, he could not remember having eaten lunc ...
“left or right” Decision-making beyond
... simulate decision-making and related brain activity using computational models, naturally touches delicate philosophical issues. Yet, we will dismiss this matter here by confining our study to choices solely attributable to the sensory input to - and the assumed properties of - the decision-making u ...
... simulate decision-making and related brain activity using computational models, naturally touches delicate philosophical issues. Yet, we will dismiss this matter here by confining our study to choices solely attributable to the sensory input to - and the assumed properties of - the decision-making u ...