Striatal Plasticity and Basal Ganglia Circuit Function
... Malenka, 2005), which are released from MSNs and exert apparent presynaptic effects (Yin and Lovinger, 2006) that may account for some of the reported actions of dopamine on synaptic vesicle cycling (Bamford et al., 2004; Bamford et al., 2008). LTD at Excitatory Synapses on MSNs High-frequency stimu ...
... Malenka, 2005), which are released from MSNs and exert apparent presynaptic effects (Yin and Lovinger, 2006) that may account for some of the reported actions of dopamine on synaptic vesicle cycling (Bamford et al., 2004; Bamford et al., 2008). LTD at Excitatory Synapses on MSNs High-frequency stimu ...
Morphology and Physiology of the Cerebellar Vestibulolateral Lobe
... prevailing views derived from mammalian species have centered around either intrinsic changes within the cerebellum (Raymond and Lisberger 1998) through the mechanisms of long-term depression and potentiation (Boyden et al. 2004; Ito 1989) or, in more recent years, multiple plasticity mechanisms/ si ...
... prevailing views derived from mammalian species have centered around either intrinsic changes within the cerebellum (Raymond and Lisberger 1998) through the mechanisms of long-term depression and potentiation (Boyden et al. 2004; Ito 1989) or, in more recent years, multiple plasticity mechanisms/ si ...
Elapsed Decision Time Affects the Weighting of Prior
... evidence favors the other choice. As described above, when the priors are unequal, we define the positive direction to be the one with higher prior probability. The momentary evidence gathered in each time step is drawn from a Gaussian distribution with unit variance for 1 s and mean ! determined by ...
... evidence favors the other choice. As described above, when the priors are unequal, we define the positive direction to be the one with higher prior probability. The momentary evidence gathered in each time step is drawn from a Gaussian distribution with unit variance for 1 s and mean ! determined by ...
Neural dynamics of saccadic and smooth pursuit eye movement
... target velocity, retinal slip signals from MT− become smaller, so MSTv cells receive less excitation. Simultaneously, background motion in the opposite direction becomes correspondingly larger. The model exploits the compensatory nature of such background whole-field motion, computed in MSTd, by add ...
... target velocity, retinal slip signals from MT− become smaller, so MSTv cells receive less excitation. Simultaneously, background motion in the opposite direction becomes correspondingly larger. The model exploits the compensatory nature of such background whole-field motion, computed in MSTd, by add ...
Differential Characteristics of Face Neuron Responses Within the
... The monkeys were trained to perform a version of a sequential delayed matching-to-sample task that requires the identification of a face (I-DMS task; Fig. 1A); this behavioral task was the same as that described in our preceding paper (Eifuku et al. 2004). In the I-DMS task, a sample (480 ms) stimul ...
... The monkeys were trained to perform a version of a sequential delayed matching-to-sample task that requires the identification of a face (I-DMS task; Fig. 1A); this behavioral task was the same as that described in our preceding paper (Eifuku et al. 2004). In the I-DMS task, a sample (480 ms) stimul ...
35-2 The Nervous System
... The Peripheral Nervous System The peripheral nervous system is all of the nerves and associated cells that are not part of the brain and the spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system includes cranial ...
... The Peripheral Nervous System The peripheral nervous system is all of the nerves and associated cells that are not part of the brain and the spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system includes cranial ...
Neuronal Correlates for Preparatory Set Associated with Pro
... Electrophysiolog y. All experimental procedures were in accordance with the C anadian Council on Animal C are policy on the use and care of laboratory animals and approved by the Queen’s University Animal C are Committee. Surgical, electrophysiological, and data acquisition methods were described pr ...
... Electrophysiolog y. All experimental procedures were in accordance with the C anadian Council on Animal C are policy on the use and care of laboratory animals and approved by the Queen’s University Animal C are Committee. Surgical, electrophysiological, and data acquisition methods were described pr ...
- Wiley Online Library
... In recent years, axonal degeneration has been proposed to be a leading or contributing cause of several neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), spinal muscular atrophy, multiple sclerosis, glaucoma, and Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases (Trapp et al. 1998; Cifue ...
... In recent years, axonal degeneration has been proposed to be a leading or contributing cause of several neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), spinal muscular atrophy, multiple sclerosis, glaucoma, and Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases (Trapp et al. 1998; Cifue ...
Linköping University Post Print the developmental age of the cells
... neurons. Another plausible method seems to be the use of proteins of the neurotrophin family, since 1 ng/ml BDNF in the culture medium has been reported to enhance the survival of rat motor neurons by 60% (Hughes et al. 1993). Therefore, we used the mentioned concentration of BDNF to support the VHN ...
... neurons. Another plausible method seems to be the use of proteins of the neurotrophin family, since 1 ng/ml BDNF in the culture medium has been reported to enhance the survival of rat motor neurons by 60% (Hughes et al. 1993). Therefore, we used the mentioned concentration of BDNF to support the VHN ...
File
... 27) The brain and sensory system of a bilaterally symmetric organism function most like A) the engine of a motorboat. B) the pilot of an airplane. C) the passengers on a train. D) a member of a marching band. Answer: B Topic: 28.10 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 28) Natural selection tends to correl ...
... 27) The brain and sensory system of a bilaterally symmetric organism function most like A) the engine of a motorboat. B) the pilot of an airplane. C) the passengers on a train. D) a member of a marching band. Answer: B Topic: 28.10 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 28) Natural selection tends to correl ...
Role of the trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus in rat whisker pad
... In a separate group of anesthetized animals, the spontaneous electrical activities of TMnu neurons were analyzed by extracellular recordings during spontaneous movements of the macrovibrissae. Mesencephalic neurons (TMne) were previously identified by their responses to masseter muscle stretching. C ...
... In a separate group of anesthetized animals, the spontaneous electrical activities of TMnu neurons were analyzed by extracellular recordings during spontaneous movements of the macrovibrissae. Mesencephalic neurons (TMne) were previously identified by their responses to masseter muscle stretching. C ...
Neural Correlates of Perceived Brightness in the Retina, Lateral
... Savitzky-Golay filter (Press et al., 1988) with a space constant of 10 data points; each point corresponded to a 4 msec time bin. From the smoothed f unction, the amplitude and phase of the cell’s response were determined at the luminance modulation frequency of the stimulus. This process is illustr ...
... Savitzky-Golay filter (Press et al., 1988) with a space constant of 10 data points; each point corresponded to a 4 msec time bin. From the smoothed f unction, the amplitude and phase of the cell’s response were determined at the luminance modulation frequency of the stimulus. This process is illustr ...
Functional Properties of Corticotectal Neurons in the Monkey`s
... field that could drive saccadic eye movements and neural pathways by which these signals could reach brain stem oculomotor centers. However, to understand how the cerebral cortex controls a specific behavior, it is not sufficient to know the types of activity in the cortex and the anatomical project ...
... field that could drive saccadic eye movements and neural pathways by which these signals could reach brain stem oculomotor centers. However, to understand how the cerebral cortex controls a specific behavior, it is not sufficient to know the types of activity in the cortex and the anatomical project ...
The sacral autonomic outflow is sympathetic
... columns (arrowheads) separated by a gap. (b-g) Transverse sections at E13.5 through the medulla (left), thoracolumbar spinal cord (middle) and sacral spinal cord (right), stained with the indicated antibodies and probes, or for NOS expression, in the genetic backgrounds indicated on the right. b. At ...
... columns (arrowheads) separated by a gap. (b-g) Transverse sections at E13.5 through the medulla (left), thoracolumbar spinal cord (middle) and sacral spinal cord (right), stained with the indicated antibodies and probes, or for NOS expression, in the genetic backgrounds indicated on the right. b. At ...
Responses of single neurons in the human brain during flash
... American TV comedy. On average, the unit changed its spiking activity from a rate of 1.7 spikes/s during the baseline period to 7.9 spikes/s (two-tailed t test, p < 10-3). The neuron did not change its firing rate in response to other faces, or to other black and white drawings (we are not claiming ...
... American TV comedy. On average, the unit changed its spiking activity from a rate of 1.7 spikes/s during the baseline period to 7.9 spikes/s (two-tailed t test, p < 10-3). The neuron did not change its firing rate in response to other faces, or to other black and white drawings (we are not claiming ...
Dynamical Properties of Neuronal Systems with
... spiking activity of large-scale neuronal networks that exhibit several complex network properties. Our main focus lies on the relevance of two particular attributes for the dynamics, namely structural heterogeneity and degree correlations. Although these are fundamental properties of many brain netw ...
... spiking activity of large-scale neuronal networks that exhibit several complex network properties. Our main focus lies on the relevance of two particular attributes for the dynamics, namely structural heterogeneity and degree correlations. Although these are fundamental properties of many brain netw ...
Full-Text PDF
... the chronic blockade of action potential (AP) driven synaptic activity throughout the network results in an increase in probability of release and mEPSC frequency without a change in synapse density [33,35,36,42–46]. In contrast, decreasing AP generation in individual neurons decreases mESPC frequen ...
... the chronic blockade of action potential (AP) driven synaptic activity throughout the network results in an increase in probability of release and mEPSC frequency without a change in synapse density [33,35,36,42–46]. In contrast, decreasing AP generation in individual neurons decreases mESPC frequen ...
Where do mirror neurons come from?
... for calcium content. Adaptations are specialised for a particular function; they solve a specific problem in an efficient, reliable and precise way. Byproducts can have a range of beneficial effects, but they are not specialised for a particular function. We can ask two questions about any characterist ...
... for calcium content. Adaptations are specialised for a particular function; they solve a specific problem in an efficient, reliable and precise way. Byproducts can have a range of beneficial effects, but they are not specialised for a particular function. We can ask two questions about any characterist ...
interaction: the nervous and endocrine systems
... The peripheral nervous system connects all of the receptors and effectors in the body to the nerve centre. The peripheral nervous system is divided into: • The soma(c nervous system, which connects the sensory receptors of the sensory organs to the central nervous system and this to the skeletal ...
... The peripheral nervous system connects all of the receptors and effectors in the body to the nerve centre. The peripheral nervous system is divided into: • The soma(c nervous system, which connects the sensory receptors of the sensory organs to the central nervous system and this to the skeletal ...
A Review of Cell Assemblies by Huyck and
... widely used technique of placing electrodes in or near a neuron to measure its electrical potential. The electrodes can measure depolarisations of the axon and thus neural spiking. Direct recording of neural activation levels and spikes is, to a large degree, an ideal way of understanding the behavi ...
... widely used technique of placing electrodes in or near a neuron to measure its electrical potential. The electrodes can measure depolarisations of the axon and thus neural spiking. Direct recording of neural activation levels and spikes is, to a large degree, an ideal way of understanding the behavi ...
Development of the Nervous System of Carinina ochracea
... brain, encircling the proboscis insertion instead of the mouth opening [10,11]. Currenly available immunohistochemical observations on nervous system development in Nemertea draw a heterogeneous and still fragmentary picture [12,13]. Detailed information on the formation and architecture of the larv ...
... brain, encircling the proboscis insertion instead of the mouth opening [10,11]. Currenly available immunohistochemical observations on nervous system development in Nemertea draw a heterogeneous and still fragmentary picture [12,13]. Detailed information on the formation and architecture of the larv ...
Emotional and Behavioral Correlates of Mediodorsal Thalamic
... accept artificial earbars. Electrodes were implanted in the ventral tegmental area for ICSS. The rat was trained to lick when the spout was automatically placed close to its mouth. Licking was signaled by a photoelectric sensor triggered by the tongue. Electric shock was delivered from the grid on a ...
... accept artificial earbars. Electrodes were implanted in the ventral tegmental area for ICSS. The rat was trained to lick when the spout was automatically placed close to its mouth. Licking was signaled by a photoelectric sensor triggered by the tongue. Electric shock was delivered from the grid on a ...
Neural correlates of attention in primate visual cortex
... The senses of humans and other highly evolved animals are an evolutionary success story. In the visual system of primates, as many as 1.5 million axons exit the retina, supplying a wealth of detailed information about the visual environment. Yet at any given moment, much of this information is behav ...
... The senses of humans and other highly evolved animals are an evolutionary success story. In the visual system of primates, as many as 1.5 million axons exit the retina, supplying a wealth of detailed information about the visual environment. Yet at any given moment, much of this information is behav ...