Pyramidal neurons: dendritic structure and synaptic integration
... and fewer oblique apical dendrites than layer II/III pyramidal neurons. The apical dendrites of hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurons branch closer to the soma than those of CA1 pyramidal neurons, which typically have a more distinctive main apical dendrite and tuft. CA3 pyramidal neurons also have a cl ...
... and fewer oblique apical dendrites than layer II/III pyramidal neurons. The apical dendrites of hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurons branch closer to the soma than those of CA1 pyramidal neurons, which typically have a more distinctive main apical dendrite and tuft. CA3 pyramidal neurons also have a cl ...
Interplay of environmental signals and progenitor diversity on fate
... of all cortical interneurons of which basket and chandelier cells are typical members. These cells do not express SST, VIP, or CCK, but have some overlap labeling with CR and CB. They emit axonal collaterals to the soma, perisomatic dendrites and axons of post-synaptic targets. Functionally, these n ...
... of all cortical interneurons of which basket and chandelier cells are typical members. These cells do not express SST, VIP, or CCK, but have some overlap labeling with CR and CB. They emit axonal collaterals to the soma, perisomatic dendrites and axons of post-synaptic targets. Functionally, these n ...
Neuronal activity in human primary visual cortex correlates with
... are initiated at later stages of processing and then propagated via feedback to V1. It is also possible that both processes occur. Specifically, local interactions among V1 neurons may trigger the perceptual alternations during rivalry, whereas interactions in later visual areas may reinforce the ne ...
... are initiated at later stages of processing and then propagated via feedback to V1. It is also possible that both processes occur. Specifically, local interactions among V1 neurons may trigger the perceptual alternations during rivalry, whereas interactions in later visual areas may reinforce the ne ...
stretch reflex 2
... 6 & area 4s on the stretch reflex & muscle tone is inhibitory, so a lesion causing damage of area 4, 4s & 6 (UMNL) leads to increase in muscle tone •In animals the separation between the cerebral cortex & brain stem leads to marked increase in muscle tone due to the removal of the net inhibitory eff ...
... 6 & area 4s on the stretch reflex & muscle tone is inhibitory, so a lesion causing damage of area 4, 4s & 6 (UMNL) leads to increase in muscle tone •In animals the separation between the cerebral cortex & brain stem leads to marked increase in muscle tone due to the removal of the net inhibitory eff ...
Visual and presaccadic activity in area 8Ar of the macaque monkey
... fixation point (0.08 degrees2) and pressed a lever to indicate willingness to start the trial. After ...
... fixation point (0.08 degrees2) and pressed a lever to indicate willingness to start the trial. After ...
Feeding Stimulants Activate an Identified Dopaminergic Interneuron
... 1986). In the snail Helisoma, superfusion of the buccal ganglia with serotonin evokes a biphasic motor pattern (Granzow and Kater 1977) that mediates repetitive swallowing (Arnett 1996). This effect of serotonin can be mimicked by stimulation of the giant serotonergic neuron C1 (Granzow and Kater 19 ...
... 1986). In the snail Helisoma, superfusion of the buccal ganglia with serotonin evokes a biphasic motor pattern (Granzow and Kater 1977) that mediates repetitive swallowing (Arnett 1996). This effect of serotonin can be mimicked by stimulation of the giant serotonergic neuron C1 (Granzow and Kater 19 ...
Control of breathing by interacting pontine and
... of Frermann et al. (1999). Other descriptions of channel kinetics were derived from previous models (Rybak et al., 2007; Smith et al., 2007). Heterogeneity of neurons within each population was set by a random distribution of some neuronal parameters and initial conditions to produce physiological v ...
... of Frermann et al. (1999). Other descriptions of channel kinetics were derived from previous models (Rybak et al., 2007; Smith et al., 2007). Heterogeneity of neurons within each population was set by a random distribution of some neuronal parameters and initial conditions to produce physiological v ...
Central Nervous System
... 1 Resting membrane is polarized. In the resting state, the external face of the membrane is slightly positive; its internal face is slightly negative. The chief extracellular ion is sodium (Na+), whereas the chief intracellular ion is potassium (K+). The membrane is relatively impermeable to both io ...
... 1 Resting membrane is polarized. In the resting state, the external face of the membrane is slightly positive; its internal face is slightly negative. The chief extracellular ion is sodium (Na+), whereas the chief intracellular ion is potassium (K+). The membrane is relatively impermeable to both io ...
Spatial and temporal frequency selectivity of neurons in
... components (Campbell & Robson, 1968; Glezer et al., 1973; Maffei & Fiorentini, 1973). While at one stage this may have been seen as incompatible with feature-based representations (Hubel & Wiesel, 1962, 1968), physiological and psychophysical studies have since indicated that different Fourier chann ...
... components (Campbell & Robson, 1968; Glezer et al., 1973; Maffei & Fiorentini, 1973). While at one stage this may have been seen as incompatible with feature-based representations (Hubel & Wiesel, 1962, 1968), physiological and psychophysical studies have since indicated that different Fourier chann ...
Discharge Rate of Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Neurons Is
... Spike-trains were used for further analysis only if their spike waveforms were reliably separated from those of other units during the on-line spike sorting. Each of these spike trains was then analyzed for stability. In this analysis, the rate of each unit as a function of time was displayed graphi ...
... Spike-trains were used for further analysis only if their spike waveforms were reliably separated from those of other units during the on-line spike sorting. Each of these spike trains was then analyzed for stability. In this analysis, the rate of each unit as a function of time was displayed graphi ...
ASL: Hierarchy, Composition, Heterogeneity, and Multi
... ASL basic mechanisms can be contrasted to other models. Multiple ports have been utilized in such computational models as CSP [Hoare 1978] and Port Automata [Steenstrup et al. 1983]. On the other hand, most concurrent object-oriented models follow a single port model, in particular the actor model [ ...
... ASL basic mechanisms can be contrasted to other models. Multiple ports have been utilized in such computational models as CSP [Hoare 1978] and Port Automata [Steenstrup et al. 1983]. On the other hand, most concurrent object-oriented models follow a single port model, in particular the actor model [ ...
Noradrenergic Suppression of Synaptic Transmission May Influence Cortical Signal-to-Noise Ratio
... 4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)] and slow time courses [Nmethyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)]. Each feed-forward interneuron connects to 10 pyramidal cells. These synapses elicit synaptic potentials with both fast (20%) and slow (80%) time courses representing GABAA and GABAB receptors. Both time courses hav ...
... 4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)] and slow time courses [Nmethyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)]. Each feed-forward interneuron connects to 10 pyramidal cells. These synapses elicit synaptic potentials with both fast (20%) and slow (80%) time courses representing GABAA and GABAB receptors. Both time courses hav ...
Shootin1 - The Journal of Cell Biology
... Banker, 1989). This observation led to the proposal that a positive feedback loop and negative regulation among neurites are necessary for neuronal polarization (Goslin and Banker, 1989; Andersen and Bi, 2000; Banker, 2003). A locally acting positive feedback loop may amplify a small stochastic incr ...
... Banker, 1989). This observation led to the proposal that a positive feedback loop and negative regulation among neurites are necessary for neuronal polarization (Goslin and Banker, 1989; Andersen and Bi, 2000; Banker, 2003). A locally acting positive feedback loop may amplify a small stochastic incr ...
Response Characteristics of Spinal Cord Dorsal Horn Neurons in
... In the present study, we explored response characteristics of dorsal horn neurons of spinally injured rats exhibiting chronic pain (pain-like response to innocuous mechanical and cold stimulation). Several abnormalities were found in the distribution and response characteristics of dorsal horn neuro ...
... In the present study, we explored response characteristics of dorsal horn neurons of spinally injured rats exhibiting chronic pain (pain-like response to innocuous mechanical and cold stimulation). Several abnormalities were found in the distribution and response characteristics of dorsal horn neuro ...
Central and peripheral chemoreceptors evoke distinct responses in
... of 356 colour-coded spheres indicating the responses and stereotaxic coordinates of neurons tested with sequential stimulation of central and peripheral chemoreceptors. Neurons monitored at the same coordinates are represented by adjacent vertically ‘stacked’ spheres. The stereotaxic coordinates of ...
... of 356 colour-coded spheres indicating the responses and stereotaxic coordinates of neurons tested with sequential stimulation of central and peripheral chemoreceptors. Neurons monitored at the same coordinates are represented by adjacent vertically ‘stacked’ spheres. The stereotaxic coordinates of ...
The Dialectics of Hebb and Homeostasis within
... how much is achieved through other homeostatic mechanisms, remains unknown. There is a large literature suggesting that homeostatic mechanisms in vitro are largely cellautonomous. For example, you can block or induce synaptic scaling by manipulating the firing or molecular environment of individual ...
... how much is achieved through other homeostatic mechanisms, remains unknown. There is a large literature suggesting that homeostatic mechanisms in vitro are largely cellautonomous. For example, you can block or induce synaptic scaling by manipulating the firing or molecular environment of individual ...
The functional anatomy of basal ganglia disorders
... costriatal afferents is probably glutamate ~s. The addition, all these abnormal movements share a only other basal ganglia structure to receive signifi- common pharmacology in that the abnormal movecant direct cortical input is the STN, which receives ments are suppressed by the administration of ex ...
... costriatal afferents is probably glutamate ~s. The addition, all these abnormal movements share a only other basal ganglia structure to receive signifi- common pharmacology in that the abnormal movecant direct cortical input is the STN, which receives ments are suppressed by the administration of ex ...
Temporal Patterning of Neural Progenitors in Drosophila
... elegans, were found to target chinmo to regulate the temporal identity of Drosophila mushroom body neurons (Wu, Chen, Mercer, & Sokol, 2012). Since Chinmo protein or Let-7 miRNAs are not detected in NBs, how the Chinmo gradient in neurons is regulated as the NB ages is not understood. Postembryonic ...
... elegans, were found to target chinmo to regulate the temporal identity of Drosophila mushroom body neurons (Wu, Chen, Mercer, & Sokol, 2012). Since Chinmo protein or Let-7 miRNAs are not detected in NBs, how the Chinmo gradient in neurons is regulated as the NB ages is not understood. Postembryonic ...
Dissociation of Mnemonic Coding and Other Functional Neuronal
... its hands and legs and to put pieces of food into its mouth, after which also chewing and licking could be observed. If the neuron responded to more than one type of sensory stimulation it was classified as polysensory. If the neuron did not respond to any of the afore mentioned stimuli it was class ...
... its hands and legs and to put pieces of food into its mouth, after which also chewing and licking could be observed. If the neuron responded to more than one type of sensory stimulation it was classified as polysensory. If the neuron did not respond to any of the afore mentioned stimuli it was class ...
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Is Important for the Manifestations ofα
... PD is unknown in most cases, degenerating neuronal populations in PD exhibit ␣-synuclein (␣S) abnormalities and mutations in the ␣S gene cause familial PD, indicating that the ␣S abnormalities are mechanistically linked to pathogenesis of PD and other ␣-synucleinopathies (Vila and Przedborski, 2004; ...
... PD is unknown in most cases, degenerating neuronal populations in PD exhibit ␣-synuclein (␣S) abnormalities and mutations in the ␣S gene cause familial PD, indicating that the ␣S abnormalities are mechanistically linked to pathogenesis of PD and other ␣-synucleinopathies (Vila and Przedborski, 2004; ...
Synchronous Oscillatory Neural Ensembles for Rules in the
... Program for Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, Center for Excellence for Learning in Education, Science, and Technology, Boston University, Boston MA 02215 # Co-first authors * Correspondence: [email protected] ...
... Program for Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, Center for Excellence for Learning in Education, Science, and Technology, Boston University, Boston MA 02215 # Co-first authors * Correspondence: [email protected] ...
A self-organizing model of disparity maps in the primary visual cortex
... Current models of primary visual cortex (V1) development show how visual features such as orientation and eye preference can emerge from spontaneous and visually evoked neural activity, but it is not yet known whether spatially organized maps for low-level visual pattern disparity are present in V1, ...
... Current models of primary visual cortex (V1) development show how visual features such as orientation and eye preference can emerge from spontaneous and visually evoked neural activity, but it is not yet known whether spatially organized maps for low-level visual pattern disparity are present in V1, ...
The BAY-HIST Prediction Model for RDF Documents
... The BAY-HIST Prediction Model is applied to query selectivity estimation. These estimates are used within the cost model of a cost-based query optimizer as part of the formulas that compute the cost and cardinality of query sub-plans. We have developed a randomized optimization strategy based on the ...
... The BAY-HIST Prediction Model is applied to query selectivity estimation. These estimates are used within the cost model of a cost-based query optimizer as part of the formulas that compute the cost and cardinality of query sub-plans. We have developed a randomized optimization strategy based on the ...
Molecular mechanisms of growth cone guidance
... thought to be attractive cell surface molecules. Evidence from in vitro studies suggested that growth cone guidance could be explained, at least in part, by differential adhesion (see, for example, Letourneau 1975). However, after identification of a large number of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) an ...
... thought to be attractive cell surface molecules. Evidence from in vitro studies suggested that growth cone guidance could be explained, at least in part, by differential adhesion (see, for example, Letourneau 1975). However, after identification of a large number of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) an ...
NSS214 - National Open University of Nigeria
... They receive input from sensory neurons, and direct the activity of motor neurons. Association neurons are present to "associate" appropriate motor responses with sensory stimuli. The early embryo contains an embryonic tissue layer known as ectoderm, on its surface that will eventually form the epid ...
... They receive input from sensory neurons, and direct the activity of motor neurons. Association neurons are present to "associate" appropriate motor responses with sensory stimuli. The early embryo contains an embryonic tissue layer known as ectoderm, on its surface that will eventually form the epid ...