Neurotransmitter Profile of Saccadic Omnipause Neurons in
... until appropriate eye movements were observed. Using these coordinates the injection site was calculated according to the atlas of Shanta et al. (1968). After a survival time of 17 hr the animal was killed with an overdose of Nembutal (80 mg/kg body weight) and transcardially perfused with 0.9% sali ...
... until appropriate eye movements were observed. Using these coordinates the injection site was calculated according to the atlas of Shanta et al. (1968). After a survival time of 17 hr the animal was killed with an overdose of Nembutal (80 mg/kg body weight) and transcardially perfused with 0.9% sali ...
Chapter 8 The Nervous System
... Definition—self-propagating wave of electrical disturbance that travels along the surface of a neuron membrane Mechanism ...
... Definition—self-propagating wave of electrical disturbance that travels along the surface of a neuron membrane Mechanism ...
cur op e-print version
... for measuring the feelings of non-human animals and to skepticism that the information determining choice must necessarily pass through the bottleneck of consciousness. Thus, the utility values discussed here are merely inferences drawn from the choices animals are observed to make. It is assumed th ...
... for measuring the feelings of non-human animals and to skepticism that the information determining choice must necessarily pass through the bottleneck of consciousness. Thus, the utility values discussed here are merely inferences drawn from the choices animals are observed to make. It is assumed th ...
From spike frequency to free recall:
... range of behavioral data when hypotheses are directly presented in terms of physiological and anatomical data, without any distortion by verbal description. Linking these levels requires computational models which are constructed at a neural level within the constraints of physiological and anatomic ...
... range of behavioral data when hypotheses are directly presented in terms of physiological and anatomical data, without any distortion by verbal description. Linking these levels requires computational models which are constructed at a neural level within the constraints of physiological and anatomic ...
Spatial Responsiveness of Monkey Hippocampal Neurons to
... stimuli. Sometimes food (raisin, a piece of apple, cookie, etc.) was given to the monkey to retain its attention to the presented objects. Since, in the experimental situation reported here, the monkey’s limb movements (e.g., reaching his hands to foods) were restricted by attaching an acrylic plate ...
... stimuli. Sometimes food (raisin, a piece of apple, cookie, etc.) was given to the monkey to retain its attention to the presented objects. Since, in the experimental situation reported here, the monkey’s limb movements (e.g., reaching his hands to foods) were restricted by attaching an acrylic plate ...
Specification of Cerebral Cortical Areas
... across the fetal cerebral wall from the beginning of corticogenesis but are most prominent during midgestation when many of them temporarily stop dividing (13). During the migratory period, cohorts of cells originating in individual proliferative units follow a radial pathway consisting of a single ...
... across the fetal cerebral wall from the beginning of corticogenesis but are most prominent during midgestation when many of them temporarily stop dividing (13). During the migratory period, cohorts of cells originating in individual proliferative units follow a radial pathway consisting of a single ...
Neural Interaction in Cat Primary Auditory Cortex. Dependence on
... L in layers I-III of the primary auditory cortex suggest that most of the tangential labeling of axon collaterals of the pyramidal cells proceeds in a dorsoventral direction, i.e., within isofrequency sheets. However, additional patches occur over 1 mm anterior or posterior of the injection site and ...
... L in layers I-III of the primary auditory cortex suggest that most of the tangential labeling of axon collaterals of the pyramidal cells proceeds in a dorsoventral direction, i.e., within isofrequency sheets. However, additional patches occur over 1 mm anterior or posterior of the injection site and ...
Chapter 8: The Nervous System
... 48. Describe the nerve impulse as it travels along a nerve fiber and across a synapse. Ans: A nerve impulse is a wave of depolarization and repolarization, during which sodium ions first move into a neuron and then potassium ions move out of a neuron. This is called an action potential. When the act ...
... 48. Describe the nerve impulse as it travels along a nerve fiber and across a synapse. Ans: A nerve impulse is a wave of depolarization and repolarization, during which sodium ions first move into a neuron and then potassium ions move out of a neuron. This is called an action potential. When the act ...
Chapter 8: The Nervous System
... 48. Describe the nerve impulse as it travels along a nerve fiber and across a synapse. Ans: A nerve impulse is a wave of depolarization and repolarization, during which sodium ions first move into a neuron and then potassium ions move out of a neuron. This is called an action potential. When the act ...
... 48. Describe the nerve impulse as it travels along a nerve fiber and across a synapse. Ans: A nerve impulse is a wave of depolarization and repolarization, during which sodium ions first move into a neuron and then potassium ions move out of a neuron. This is called an action potential. When the act ...
Lateral olfactory processing
... information transfer throughout a circuit. In the olfactory system, new techniques have permitted the exploration of the circuit-level organization of glomeruli in the mammalian olfactory bulb and its insect analog, the antennal lobe. These results are now beginning to elaborate which of these circu ...
... information transfer throughout a circuit. In the olfactory system, new techniques have permitted the exploration of the circuit-level organization of glomeruli in the mammalian olfactory bulb and its insect analog, the antennal lobe. These results are now beginning to elaborate which of these circu ...
The Impact of Prior Experience With Cross-Modal
... refers to the general increase in the number of action potentials measured when a second modality is presented to a cell doing MI, while depression refers to the general decrease in the number of action potentials. Meredith and Stein (1983) demonstrated that a sensory stimulus (light) presented to a ...
... refers to the general increase in the number of action potentials measured when a second modality is presented to a cell doing MI, while depression refers to the general decrease in the number of action potentials. Meredith and Stein (1983) demonstrated that a sensory stimulus (light) presented to a ...
Amo, Neuron, 2014
... by the active avoidance of potentially dangerous environments is often more effective for animal survival than panic behavior alone. A candidate site responsible for active avoidance is the lateral habenula (LHb). In mammals, LHb neurons are phasically activated to negative or aversive emotional eve ...
... by the active avoidance of potentially dangerous environments is often more effective for animal survival than panic behavior alone. A candidate site responsible for active avoidance is the lateral habenula (LHb). In mammals, LHb neurons are phasically activated to negative or aversive emotional eve ...
Pierre Berthet Computational Modeling of the Basal Ganglia – Functional Pathways
... better representation of the world in order to compute the best motor response possible in that environment. One thing seems certain, there is only trough motor output that one can interact on and influence the environment (Wolpert et al., 1995). It has furthermore been proposed that the functional ...
... better representation of the world in order to compute the best motor response possible in that environment. One thing seems certain, there is only trough motor output that one can interact on and influence the environment (Wolpert et al., 1995). It has furthermore been proposed that the functional ...
The Emergence of Selective Attention through - laral
... the time increases with the number of distracters and the similarity between the visual features of the target and the distracters [1]. These results, originally used to sustain a serial deployment of a visual attention ‘spotlight’, have been later explained by a parallel interactive process. In par ...
... the time increases with the number of distracters and the similarity between the visual features of the target and the distracters [1]. These results, originally used to sustain a serial deployment of a visual attention ‘spotlight’, have been later explained by a parallel interactive process. In par ...
Neuron/Glia Relationships Observed Over Intervals
... of the glial nuclei associated with each neuron could be determined. Video images of up to six focal planes/neuron were digitized, enhanced, and stored as a permanent record. For this purpose we used a Trapix 5500 image processor (Recognition Concepts, Inc., Incline Village, NV) and IMAGR, a general ...
... of the glial nuclei associated with each neuron could be determined. Video images of up to six focal planes/neuron were digitized, enhanced, and stored as a permanent record. For this purpose we used a Trapix 5500 image processor (Recognition Concepts, Inc., Incline Village, NV) and IMAGR, a general ...
Capogna Curr Opin Neurobiol 2014
... (CeM, main outputs to brainstem and hypothalamus) can be conceptualized as largely unidirectional and gated by multiple parallel pathways involving several types of GABAergic cells [4,5]. The aim of this article is to briefly review some recent progress characterizing GABAergic Current Opinion in Ne ...
... (CeM, main outputs to brainstem and hypothalamus) can be conceptualized as largely unidirectional and gated by multiple parallel pathways involving several types of GABAergic cells [4,5]. The aim of this article is to briefly review some recent progress characterizing GABAergic Current Opinion in Ne ...
Effect of Adrenalectomy on Miniature Inhibitory Postsynaptic
... cellbody as established during the recording session (see examples in Fig. 1, A--D). Since the intracellular dyes were found to influence the physiological properties of the cells, staining was only performed in a limited number of cells and not routinely applied. Only those neurons that could be id ...
... cellbody as established during the recording session (see examples in Fig. 1, A--D). Since the intracellular dyes were found to influence the physiological properties of the cells, staining was only performed in a limited number of cells and not routinely applied. Only those neurons that could be id ...
Inhibitory interneurons in a cortical column form hot zones of
... neurons and INs [details, especially the correction for doublecounting between slices, are discussed in the article by Meyer et al. (21) and SI Materials and Methods]. Fig. 2 A and B shows the neuron and IN markers from one of the slices (9,911 neuron somata in Fig. 2A and 1,334 IN somata in Fig. 2B ...
... neurons and INs [details, especially the correction for doublecounting between slices, are discussed in the article by Meyer et al. (21) and SI Materials and Methods]. Fig. 2 A and B shows the neuron and IN markers from one of the slices (9,911 neuron somata in Fig. 2A and 1,334 IN somata in Fig. 2B ...
Gustatory processing is dynamic and distributed Donald B
... between regions also modulate taste responses (see also [39]). Indeed, recent evidence showed that feedback connections between GC and NST modulate NST activity via both excitatory pathways and GABAergic synapses [40•]. Figure 4c shows an example of a GC–NST interaction. It is clear that cortical ac ...
... between regions also modulate taste responses (see also [39]). Indeed, recent evidence showed that feedback connections between GC and NST modulate NST activity via both excitatory pathways and GABAergic synapses [40•]. Figure 4c shows an example of a GC–NST interaction. It is clear that cortical ac ...
Imitation, Empathy, and Mirror Neurons
... which we can observe our own arm and hand reach and grasp for objects surrounding us. Also, mirrors and other reflecting surfaces allow the observation of one’s own facial and body movement as if they were performed by somebody else. Furthermore, early in human development, adults tend to imitate the ...
... which we can observe our own arm and hand reach and grasp for objects surrounding us. Also, mirrors and other reflecting surfaces allow the observation of one’s own facial and body movement as if they were performed by somebody else. Furthermore, early in human development, adults tend to imitate the ...
Natural Stimulation of the Nonclassical Receptive Field Increases
... coding is that information should be translated without loss into an efficient representation where the responses of a few active neurons are rich in information content. Reducing the number of active neurons is metabolically economical, thus easing a major constraint on information processing in th ...
... coding is that information should be translated without loss into an efficient representation where the responses of a few active neurons are rich in information content. Reducing the number of active neurons is metabolically economical, thus easing a major constraint on information processing in th ...
The language of action: verbs, simulation and motor chains
... actions which are either in agreement (“compatible” or “congruent” trials) or in contrast (“incompatible” or “incongruent” trials) with the actions typically associated with the objects (e.g., grasping an object with the appropriate grip). For example, in compatible trials the participant is asked ...
... actions which are either in agreement (“compatible” or “congruent” trials) or in contrast (“incompatible” or “incongruent” trials) with the actions typically associated with the objects (e.g., grasping an object with the appropriate grip). For example, in compatible trials the participant is asked ...
Neuronal subtype specification in the cerebral cortex
... How are these various projection neuron subtypes generated during corticogenesis? Insights from years of study in the spinal cord and retina provide models for how a diversity of neuronal types can be generated11,12. Within the neocortex, some of the basic mechanisms that control general neuronal sp ...
... How are these various projection neuron subtypes generated during corticogenesis? Insights from years of study in the spinal cord and retina provide models for how a diversity of neuronal types can be generated11,12. Within the neocortex, some of the basic mechanisms that control general neuronal sp ...
Two-photon imaging and analysis of neural network dynamics
... recordings from tens to hundreds of neurons are possible (Buzsaki 2004), these measurements typically are obtained from spatially dispersed sets of neurons. Other limitations of extracellular recordings are poorly defined identity of recorded cells (for example with regard to neuronal subtype or lam ...
... recordings from tens to hundreds of neurons are possible (Buzsaki 2004), these measurements typically are obtained from spatially dispersed sets of neurons. Other limitations of extracellular recordings are poorly defined identity of recorded cells (for example with regard to neuronal subtype or lam ...