Organization of Cytoskeletal Elements and Organelles Preceding
... In the embryonic grasshopper limb, the first pair of afferent neurons to differentiate are the Til pioneer neurons (Fig. 1 A; Bate, 1976; Keshishian, 1980; Ho and Goodman, 1982; Bentley and Keshishian, 1982). They arise in the ectodermal epithelium (Fig. 1 B), as the daughter cells of a single epith ...
... In the embryonic grasshopper limb, the first pair of afferent neurons to differentiate are the Til pioneer neurons (Fig. 1 A; Bate, 1976; Keshishian, 1980; Ho and Goodman, 1982; Bentley and Keshishian, 1982). They arise in the ectodermal epithelium (Fig. 1 B), as the daughter cells of a single epith ...
The encoding and decoding of com-
... on (Nassi and Callaway, 2009) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
... on (Nassi and Callaway, 2009) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
Statistics and geometry of orientation selectivity in primary visual
... This article forms part of a special issue of Biological Cybernetics entitled “Structural Aspects of Biological Cybernetics: Valentino Braitenberg, Neuroanatomy, and Brain Function”. ...
... This article forms part of a special issue of Biological Cybernetics entitled “Structural Aspects of Biological Cybernetics: Valentino Braitenberg, Neuroanatomy, and Brain Function”. ...
Massively Parallel Recording of Unit and Local Field
... devices, the thin-film recording sites are defined lithographically. Any two-dimensional configuration can be achieved with proper design and can be adapted to particular brain structures and neuron types. Silicon probes can be combined with on-chip integrated circuitry (Bai and Wise 2001; Olsson et ...
... devices, the thin-film recording sites are defined lithographically. Any two-dimensional configuration can be achieved with proper design and can be adapted to particular brain structures and neuron types. Silicon probes can be combined with on-chip integrated circuitry (Bai and Wise 2001; Olsson et ...
The mirror neuron system and the consequences of its dysfunction
... by mirror neurons, although no direct data are available yet to correlate mirror neuron spiking with imitation in monkeys. Single-unit properties of mirror neurons. In the macaque brain, mirror neurons have been located in area F5c of the inferior frontal cortex3 and in the rostral inferior parietal ...
... by mirror neurons, although no direct data are available yet to correlate mirror neuron spiking with imitation in monkeys. Single-unit properties of mirror neurons. In the macaque brain, mirror neurons have been located in area F5c of the inferior frontal cortex3 and in the rostral inferior parietal ...
computational and in vitro studies of persistent activity
... 1998; Loewenstein and Sompolinsky, 2003), especially after the experimental observation of intrinsic cellular multistability in cortical neurons (Egorov et al., 2002). The question that these biophysical models—whether discrete or continuous, intrinsic or recurrent—aim to answer is how the multistab ...
... 1998; Loewenstein and Sompolinsky, 2003), especially after the experimental observation of intrinsic cellular multistability in cortical neurons (Egorov et al., 2002). The question that these biophysical models—whether discrete or continuous, intrinsic or recurrent—aim to answer is how the multistab ...
Expert system, fuzzy logic, and neural network applications in power
... to touch almost every scientific and engineering application by the early 21st century. Of course, we need to wait and see to what extent this is true. This paper is concemed with the application of expert system, fuzzy logic, and neural network techniques in power electronics and motion control sys ...
... to touch almost every scientific and engineering application by the early 21st century. Of course, we need to wait and see to what extent this is true. This paper is concemed with the application of expert system, fuzzy logic, and neural network techniques in power electronics and motion control sys ...
Mechanical Response Properties of A and C Primary Afferent
... A second craniotomy was made more anteriorly to allow platinumcoated tungsten microelectrodes to be advanced through the forebrain into the left trigeminal ganglion, at ⬃2 mm caudal to Bregma, 2–2.5 mm lateral, and 9.5–10 mm below the cortical surface. Single-shock electrical search stimuli (0.5 ms, ...
... A second craniotomy was made more anteriorly to allow platinumcoated tungsten microelectrodes to be advanced through the forebrain into the left trigeminal ganglion, at ⬃2 mm caudal to Bregma, 2–2.5 mm lateral, and 9.5–10 mm below the cortical surface. Single-shock electrical search stimuli (0.5 ms, ...
J Darnell, KH2 domain I304N RGG G
... methlyation status base by base (Ann Booker) Selective demethlyation (WT) during olf bulb critical period; regulating accessibility of promoter to regulators; Ap2 site initially unmethlylated, becomes methlyated at p1, stays methylated; shutting down a site that was active embryonically; interaction ...
... methlyation status base by base (Ann Booker) Selective demethlyation (WT) during olf bulb critical period; regulating accessibility of promoter to regulators; Ap2 site initially unmethlylated, becomes methlyated at p1, stays methylated; shutting down a site that was active embryonically; interaction ...
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and Spinal Muscular Atrophy
... Progressive muscular atrophy (PMA) was first described in 1848 by F. A. Aran, who reported 11 cases of weakness and paresis of the upper limbs (Bonduelle, 1989). However, it was not until 1869 that French neurologist Jean-Martin Charcot classified amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) as a separate ne ...
... Progressive muscular atrophy (PMA) was first described in 1848 by F. A. Aran, who reported 11 cases of weakness and paresis of the upper limbs (Bonduelle, 1989). However, it was not until 1869 that French neurologist Jean-Martin Charcot classified amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) as a separate ne ...
Neurons in the corpus callosum of the cat during postnatal
... morphological types were observed, pyramidal-like neurons with impressive dendrites and rami®cations (Fig. 2F), interneuron-like cells with ®ne and varicose processes (Fig. 2G), and bipolar shaped neurons resembling migrating neurons (Fig. 2H). The neuronal phenotype of these MAP2 cells was demonstr ...
... morphological types were observed, pyramidal-like neurons with impressive dendrites and rami®cations (Fig. 2F), interneuron-like cells with ®ne and varicose processes (Fig. 2G), and bipolar shaped neurons resembling migrating neurons (Fig. 2H). The neuronal phenotype of these MAP2 cells was demonstr ...
PDF-document - homepage.ruhr-uni
... We recorded single neurons in the monkey SC that exhibited significant modulation of their discharge rate during specific phases of visually guided reaches (Figure 1). A surprisingly high proportion of the SC units that modulated during the reach tasks were significantly distinct from previously des ...
... We recorded single neurons in the monkey SC that exhibited significant modulation of their discharge rate during specific phases of visually guided reaches (Figure 1). A surprisingly high proportion of the SC units that modulated during the reach tasks were significantly distinct from previously des ...
One Computer Scientist`s (Deep) Superior Colliculus
... into a practical machine learning algorithm. Finally, that algorithm is applied to a practical problem in robotics: binaural sound-source localization. We show that, given input related to interaural time and level differences in binaural recordings, our algorithm can learn to perform sound-source l ...
... into a practical machine learning algorithm. Finally, that algorithm is applied to a practical problem in robotics: binaural sound-source localization. We show that, given input related to interaural time and level differences in binaural recordings, our algorithm can learn to perform sound-source l ...
Big Myth or Major Miss? - Perceptual Science Laboratory
... claims of embodied cognition such as a) perception and action are intimately linked, and b) what appears to be high-‐level or abstract cognitive phenomena (e.g., language, goal understanding, mind reading) a ...
... claims of embodied cognition such as a) perception and action are intimately linked, and b) what appears to be high-‐level or abstract cognitive phenomena (e.g., language, goal understanding, mind reading) a ...
Dynamic shaping of dopamine signals during probabilistic
... Fig. 3. (a–c) Example dopamine traces on individual trials recorded at individual electrodes in the 0, 0.5 and 1.0 groups are shown. For the 0.5 group, reward trials and reward omission trials are shown separately, though they were randomly interleaved during training. Traces were smoothed with a 5- ...
... Fig. 3. (a–c) Example dopamine traces on individual trials recorded at individual electrodes in the 0, 0.5 and 1.0 groups are shown. For the 0.5 group, reward trials and reward omission trials are shown separately, though they were randomly interleaved during training. Traces were smoothed with a 5- ...
final scientific program
... learning, memory, cognition, perception, action and ultimately conscious awareness. Electrophysiological recordings in behaving animals over the past forty years have revealed considerable information about what the firing patterns of single neurons encode in isolation, but it remains largely a myst ...
... learning, memory, cognition, perception, action and ultimately conscious awareness. Electrophysiological recordings in behaving animals over the past forty years have revealed considerable information about what the firing patterns of single neurons encode in isolation, but it remains largely a myst ...
Selectivity and sparseness in the responses of striate complex cells
... ffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiestimated in the preliminary PSTH, with r ¼ rinit m=r, where m is the geometric mean of the spike rate over the stimulus duration, and r is the spike rate at a given instant. Data from all repetitions of each stimulus were pooled prior to forming the kernel estimate. For each unit, 157 PSTH ...
... ffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiestimated in the preliminary PSTH, with r ¼ rinit m=r, where m is the geometric mean of the spike rate over the stimulus duration, and r is the spike rate at a given instant. Data from all repetitions of each stimulus were pooled prior to forming the kernel estimate. For each unit, 157 PSTH ...
Biophysical Properties and Responses to Neurotransmitters of
... Koga, Tomoshige and Robert M. Bradley. Biophysical properties and responses to neurotransmitters of petrosal and geniculate ganglion neurons innervating the tongue. J Neurophysiol 84: 1404 –1413, 2000. The properties of afferent sensory neurons supplying taste receptors on the tongue were examined i ...
... Koga, Tomoshige and Robert M. Bradley. Biophysical properties and responses to neurotransmitters of petrosal and geniculate ganglion neurons innervating the tongue. J Neurophysiol 84: 1404 –1413, 2000. The properties of afferent sensory neurons supplying taste receptors on the tongue were examined i ...
Representation of Acoustic Communication Signals
... (University of Erlangen, Germany). Each phrase of these songs lasts for 2– 4 sec and consists of many repetitions of a basic pattern, termed “syllable,” separated by short pauses (von Helversen and von Helversen, 1997), as illustrated in Figure 1, A and B. Depending on the individual animal and the ...
... (University of Erlangen, Germany). Each phrase of these songs lasts for 2– 4 sec and consists of many repetitions of a basic pattern, termed “syllable,” separated by short pauses (von Helversen and von Helversen, 1997), as illustrated in Figure 1, A and B. Depending on the individual animal and the ...
Choice Coding in Frontal Cortex during Stimulus
... with factors of Predictor (which action was made in the AO task or which picture was shown in the SO task) and Outcome (which reward was Neurons are classified according to whether they showed a significant main effect (with no significant interactions) or a significant interaction. Neurons are furt ...
... with factors of Predictor (which action was made in the AO task or which picture was shown in the SO task) and Outcome (which reward was Neurons are classified according to whether they showed a significant main effect (with no significant interactions) or a significant interaction. Neurons are furt ...
Effects of acetylcholine on neuronal properties in entorhinal cortex James G. Heys
... there are neurons in the MSDB that express a range of classical neurotransmitters and neurohormones, this review focuses on the population of putative cholinergic neurons expressing choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and the separate population of GABAergic neurons expressing GAD, which together compr ...
... there are neurons in the MSDB that express a range of classical neurotransmitters and neurohormones, this review focuses on the population of putative cholinergic neurons expressing choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and the separate population of GABAergic neurons expressing GAD, which together compr ...