Autobiography for 2016 Kavli Prize in Neuroscience Carla J. Shatz
... precision of adult connections is established during development. It seemed as if the circuits in the adult brain are so precise that they must be hard-wired at the outset, with little left to chance. Or, could visual experience play a role? I remained at Harvard Medical School for postdoctoral trai ...
... precision of adult connections is established during development. It seemed as if the circuits in the adult brain are so precise that they must be hard-wired at the outset, with little left to chance. Or, could visual experience play a role? I remained at Harvard Medical School for postdoctoral trai ...
Reading 2 - Background to Psychobiology
... - Fissure – A space that is not created by a fold of the brain - The white matter mostly consist of axons o You can think of the brain as many servers that are interconnected (subcortical and cerebral cortex/different areas) o Called white matter because those axons are covered with Myelin - ...
... - Fissure – A space that is not created by a fold of the brain - The white matter mostly consist of axons o You can think of the brain as many servers that are interconnected (subcortical and cerebral cortex/different areas) o Called white matter because those axons are covered with Myelin - ...
Nervous System
... 1. Sensory-uses receptors to gather information from all over the body 2. Interpretation-the brain then processes the information into possible responses 3. Response-sends messages back through the system of nerve cells to control body parts ...
... 1. Sensory-uses receptors to gather information from all over the body 2. Interpretation-the brain then processes the information into possible responses 3. Response-sends messages back through the system of nerve cells to control body parts ...
Endocrine and nervous system
... 2. Dendrites: receives impulses to cell body (fingers) 3. Axon: carries impulses away from cell body (arm) 4. Axon Terminal: where impulses leave the neuron, contains chemical-filled vesicles (neurotransmitters) ...
... 2. Dendrites: receives impulses to cell body (fingers) 3. Axon: carries impulses away from cell body (arm) 4. Axon Terminal: where impulses leave the neuron, contains chemical-filled vesicles (neurotransmitters) ...
Behavioural Neuroscience Lecture 2: History
... Behavioural Neuroscience Lecture 2: History Facts about the brain: • Purpose: to process sensory information in order to guide movement (and thus control behaviour) • Weighs 1,400 grams • 3% of body weight, consumes 20% of energy • Made up of 100 billion neurons, 1 million synapses, lots of circuits ...
... Behavioural Neuroscience Lecture 2: History Facts about the brain: • Purpose: to process sensory information in order to guide movement (and thus control behaviour) • Weighs 1,400 grams • 3% of body weight, consumes 20% of energy • Made up of 100 billion neurons, 1 million synapses, lots of circuits ...
Genotype - White Plains Public Schools
... • Discovered area of brain connected to language- now known as “Broca’s area”- translates thoughts into speech or signs ...
... • Discovered area of brain connected to language- now known as “Broca’s area”- translates thoughts into speech or signs ...
BOX 2.2 CAJAL: ICONOCLAST TO ICON Santiago Ramón y Cajal
... continuous reticular net, whereas in contrast dendrites do not anastomose but instead serve a nutritive role, much like the roots of a tree. Using the same technique, Cajal almost immediately arrived at the opposite conclusion, based first on his examination of the cerebellum, and later of virtually ...
... continuous reticular net, whereas in contrast dendrites do not anastomose but instead serve a nutritive role, much like the roots of a tree. Using the same technique, Cajal almost immediately arrived at the opposite conclusion, based first on his examination of the cerebellum, and later of virtually ...
Sparse but not `Grandmother-cell` coding in the medial temporal lobe
... (i) images known to the subjects – which are more likely to elicit responses than unfamiliar stimuli – were used, and (ii) neurons with a higher degree of sparseness are very difficult to detect in our recording sessions lasting, on average, only !30 min. Second, although it was found that the cell ...
... (i) images known to the subjects – which are more likely to elicit responses than unfamiliar stimuli – were used, and (ii) neurons with a higher degree of sparseness are very difficult to detect in our recording sessions lasting, on average, only !30 min. Second, although it was found that the cell ...
Transcription and translation of new gene products is critical for
... Co-supervisor/ Collaborator(s) (if any): NA Project Description ...
... Co-supervisor/ Collaborator(s) (if any): NA Project Description ...
2015-2016_1Semester_Exam2_140116
... Opening of voltage gated Ca+ ion channels Docking Exocytosis Receptor activation/ligand binding Re-uptake of NTs ...
... Opening of voltage gated Ca+ ion channels Docking Exocytosis Receptor activation/ligand binding Re-uptake of NTs ...
PDF
... where it triggers the gene expression program responsible for LR asymmetry. But how is the LR signal transferred to the LPM? On p. 2426, Yukio Saijoh and co-workers test the hypothesis that endoderm (which lies next to the node and covers the LPM) is involved in this process. The researchers report ...
... where it triggers the gene expression program responsible for LR asymmetry. But how is the LR signal transferred to the LPM? On p. 2426, Yukio Saijoh and co-workers test the hypothesis that endoderm (which lies next to the node and covers the LPM) is involved in this process. The researchers report ...
The human brain is a 3 pound mass of fatty tissue that controls all
... The neuron consists of a cell body containing the nucleus, cytoplasm, and an electrically excitable output fiber, the axon. Most axons also give rise to many smaller branches before ending at nerve terminals. Synapses, from the Greek word meaning “to clasp together,” are the contact points where one ...
... The neuron consists of a cell body containing the nucleus, cytoplasm, and an electrically excitable output fiber, the axon. Most axons also give rise to many smaller branches before ending at nerve terminals. Synapses, from the Greek word meaning “to clasp together,” are the contact points where one ...
Objectives Special Senses Anatomy of the Eye Fibrous Layer
... Objectives To introduce the special senses. Focus on the anatomy of the eye. To explore the functions of the photoreceptors and the chemistry that influences these functions. To relate the physical aspects related to vision and optics. To list the different disease conditions of the eye. ...
... Objectives To introduce the special senses. Focus on the anatomy of the eye. To explore the functions of the photoreceptors and the chemistry that influences these functions. To relate the physical aspects related to vision and optics. To list the different disease conditions of the eye. ...
Slide ()
... The pattern of motor neuron activity can change the biochemical and functional properties of skeletal muscle cells. A. Muscle fibers have characteristic metabolic, molecular, and electrical properties that identify them as "slow" (tonic) or "fast" (phasic) types. The micrograph on the right shows a ...
... The pattern of motor neuron activity can change the biochemical and functional properties of skeletal muscle cells. A. Muscle fibers have characteristic metabolic, molecular, and electrical properties that identify them as "slow" (tonic) or "fast" (phasic) types. The micrograph on the right shows a ...
MIT Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences Instructor: Professor Sebastian Seung
... Instructor: Professor Sebastian Seung ...
... Instructor: Professor Sebastian Seung ...
STRUCTURE OF NEURON AND NEUROGLIA NERVOUS SYSTEM
... STRUCTURE OF NEURON AND NEUROGLIA NERVOUS SYSTEM Has three overlapping functions – Sensory - receptors monitor changes (stimuli) and gathers information inside and outside the body – Integrative - prrocesses and interprets sensory input, makes decisions – Motor - dictates a response by activating ef ...
... STRUCTURE OF NEURON AND NEUROGLIA NERVOUS SYSTEM Has three overlapping functions – Sensory - receptors monitor changes (stimuli) and gathers information inside and outside the body – Integrative - prrocesses and interprets sensory input, makes decisions – Motor - dictates a response by activating ef ...
Nervous System - Belle Vernon Area School District
... – autoimmune disorder caused by a viral infection F. – general, defects in motor functions from several types of brain damage or birth related injury. G. – muscular rigidity, lack of movement H. I. – mental deterioration (dementia). J. – group of brain disorders that cause seizures K. - shingles ...
... – autoimmune disorder caused by a viral infection F. – general, defects in motor functions from several types of brain damage or birth related injury. G. – muscular rigidity, lack of movement H. I. – mental deterioration (dementia). J. – group of brain disorders that cause seizures K. - shingles ...
Part 2 of Unit Test 4
... Written portion Directions: Answer the following short answer questions using complete sentences. (5 points each) ...
... Written portion Directions: Answer the following short answer questions using complete sentences. (5 points each) ...
Functional and structural adaptation in the central nervous system
... Synapses are chemical or electrical junctions that allow electrical signals to pass from neurons to other cells Changes in the amount of activity at a synapse can enhance or reduce its function Communication between neurons is strengthened or weakened by an individual’s activities, such as exercise, ...
... Synapses are chemical or electrical junctions that allow electrical signals to pass from neurons to other cells Changes in the amount of activity at a synapse can enhance or reduce its function Communication between neurons is strengthened or weakened by an individual’s activities, such as exercise, ...
Neurons - Manatee School for the Arts
... • An unmyelinated nerve fiber carries an impulse slower than a myelinated nerve fiber. • Nerve impulses range in speed according to their diameter (thicker=faster). Ex: skeletal muscle travels ~120 meters/second • Nerve impulses respond in an all-or-none response. • More stimuli= more impulses (per ...
... • An unmyelinated nerve fiber carries an impulse slower than a myelinated nerve fiber. • Nerve impulses range in speed according to their diameter (thicker=faster). Ex: skeletal muscle travels ~120 meters/second • Nerve impulses respond in an all-or-none response. • More stimuli= more impulses (per ...
Classes #9-11: Differentiation of the brain vesicles
... class sessions 9-11. The first 46 questions are for review, and can be answered from earlier lectures. Many of these questions are answered in the readings as well. 1. The forebrain probably expanded in evolution initially because of the importance of _________________________________. 2. Give an ex ...
... class sessions 9-11. The first 46 questions are for review, and can be answered from earlier lectures. Many of these questions are answered in the readings as well. 1. The forebrain probably expanded in evolution initially because of the importance of _________________________________. 2. Give an ex ...
Optogenetics
Optogenetics (from Greek optikós, meaning ""seen, visible"") is a biological technique which involves the use of light to control cells in living tissue, typically neurons, that have been genetically modified to express light-sensitive ion channels. It is a neuromodulation method employed in neuroscience that uses a combination of techniques from optics and genetics to control and monitor the activities of individual neurons in living tissue—even within freely-moving animals—and to precisely measure the effects of those manipulations in real-time. The key reagents used in optogenetics are light-sensitive proteins. Spatially-precise neuronal control is achieved using optogenetic actuators like channelrhodopsin, halorhodopsin, and archaerhodopsin, while temporally-precise recordings can be made with the help of optogenetic sensors for calcium (Aequorin, Cameleon, GCaMP), chloride (Clomeleon) or membrane voltage (Mermaid).The earliest approaches were developed and applied by Boris Zemelman and Gero Miesenböck, at the Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York City, and Dirk Trauner, Richard Kramer and Ehud Isacoff at the University of California, Berkeley; these methods conferred light sensitivity but were never reported to be useful by other laboratories due to the multiple components these approaches required. A distinct single-component approach involving microbial opsin genes introduced in 2005 turned out to be widely applied, as described below. Optogenetics is known for the high spatial and temporal resolution that it provides in altering the activity of specific types of neurons to control a subject's behaviour.In 2010, optogenetics was chosen as the ""Method of the Year"" across all fields of science and engineering by the interdisciplinary research journal Nature Methods. At the same time, optogenetics was highlighted in the article on “Breakthroughs of the Decade” in the academic research journal Science. These journals also referenced recent public-access general-interest video Method of the year video and textual SciAm summaries of optogenetics.