Post-Operative Time Effects after Sciatic Nerve Crush on the
... numerical density of alpha motoneurons. The present results, are based on using method which provides absolute estimates of cell number rather than ratios [15, 19, 20]. This method has been rapidly gaining acceptance, because not only it is the most efficient quantification method, but also unbiased ...
... numerical density of alpha motoneurons. The present results, are based on using method which provides absolute estimates of cell number rather than ratios [15, 19, 20]. This method has been rapidly gaining acceptance, because not only it is the most efficient quantification method, but also unbiased ...
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... to a pre-existing cellular asymmetry. This asymmetry is shared between the MP2 precursor and the neuroblasts despite their different division patterns. MP2 divides once to produce two cells of almost the same size, the slightly larger one is born dorsally and the smaller, ventrally. Neuroblasts divi ...
... to a pre-existing cellular asymmetry. This asymmetry is shared between the MP2 precursor and the neuroblasts despite their different division patterns. MP2 divides once to produce two cells of almost the same size, the slightly larger one is born dorsally and the smaller, ventrally. Neuroblasts divi ...
Functional Motifs Composed of Morphologically Homologous
... elicited by electrical stimulation at the spinal cord (Fig. 1 A, B) and morphologically by their axonal pathway, location of somata, and morphology of dendritic arbors labeled with neurobiotin (Figs. 3, 4; Lee et al., 1993). All RSNs recorded in this study were silent at rest. Electrical stimulation ...
... elicited by electrical stimulation at the spinal cord (Fig. 1 A, B) and morphologically by their axonal pathway, location of somata, and morphology of dendritic arbors labeled with neurobiotin (Figs. 3, 4; Lee et al., 1993). All RSNs recorded in this study were silent at rest. Electrical stimulation ...
Radial Glial Cell–Neuron Interaction Directs Axon Formation at the
... trailing process becomes the axon (Noctor et al., 2001; Hatanaka and Murakami, 2002), indicating that radial glia-guided migration and axon– dendrite polarity may share similar polarized signaling pathways. However, how axon– dendrite polarization is directed by extracellular cues remains unclear. O ...
... trailing process becomes the axon (Noctor et al., 2001; Hatanaka and Murakami, 2002), indicating that radial glia-guided migration and axon– dendrite polarity may share similar polarized signaling pathways. However, how axon– dendrite polarization is directed by extracellular cues remains unclear. O ...
Different Subthreshold Mechanisms Underlie Song Selectivity in
... rate used here). Median-filtering removed the action potential (which was typically ⬃1 msec in duration) and yet did not distort slower membrane potential movements [for an example, see Jagadeesh et al. (1997), their Fig. 1]. The subthreshold depolarizing responsiveness (RVm) of these cells was meas ...
... rate used here). Median-filtering removed the action potential (which was typically ⬃1 msec in duration) and yet did not distort slower membrane potential movements [for an example, see Jagadeesh et al. (1997), their Fig. 1]. The subthreshold depolarizing responsiveness (RVm) of these cells was meas ...
From/To LTM - Ohio University
... building in human neocortex. Neurons on different layers of minicolumns are proposed to have specific function in the interaction between STM and LTM. When retrieving information from LTM to STM, particular layer of neurons receives stimulation from LTM. When storing information from STM to LT ...
... building in human neocortex. Neurons on different layers of minicolumns are proposed to have specific function in the interaction between STM and LTM. When retrieving information from LTM to STM, particular layer of neurons receives stimulation from LTM. When storing information from STM to LT ...
the electron microscopic localization of
... extracellular spaces of considerable extent. These spaces contribute to the large "inulin space" of 18.6 per cent (Treherne, 1962 a): this total extracellular phase is very large compared with that of the vertebrate (Horstmann and Meves, 1959; et al., 1962) or leech (Coggeshall and Fawcett, 1964) ce ...
... extracellular spaces of considerable extent. These spaces contribute to the large "inulin space" of 18.6 per cent (Treherne, 1962 a): this total extracellular phase is very large compared with that of the vertebrate (Horstmann and Meves, 1959; et al., 1962) or leech (Coggeshall and Fawcett, 1964) ce ...
Project Report: Investigating topographic neural map development
... Figure 2: Detailed drawing of retinal architecture, including horizontal and amacrine cells The LGN serves as a relay center for the input from RGC to V1 and occurs in both the left and right hemispheres of the mammalian brain. In addition to receiving retinal input from their respective (ipsilater ...
... Figure 2: Detailed drawing of retinal architecture, including horizontal and amacrine cells The LGN serves as a relay center for the input from RGC to V1 and occurs in both the left and right hemispheres of the mammalian brain. In addition to receiving retinal input from their respective (ipsilater ...
Mitochondrial DNA deletions are abundant and
... in the older brains are COX deficient, albeit with a large case-to-case variation. Capitalizing on these data, we attempted to determine whether COX deficiency develops in cells with the highest fractions of mtDNA deletions. Because it is particularly important to address this question in the most a ...
... in the older brains are COX deficient, albeit with a large case-to-case variation. Capitalizing on these data, we attempted to determine whether COX deficiency develops in cells with the highest fractions of mtDNA deletions. Because it is particularly important to address this question in the most a ...
Extrinsic Determinants of Retinal Ganglion Cell Structure in the Cat
... cell.Thevectorsweresummed, neighboring cells. It must be pointed out that this result does andthe closerneighbors weremoreheavily weighteddueto the length not imply that the distribution of neighboring ganglion cellsof of their vectors.The angleof the resultantvector represented the didifferent type ...
... cell.Thevectorsweresummed, neighboring cells. It must be pointed out that this result does andthe closerneighbors weremoreheavily weighteddueto the length not imply that the distribution of neighboring ganglion cellsof of their vectors.The angleof the resultantvector represented the didifferent type ...
A Cellular Structure for Online Routing of Digital Spiking Neuron
... for evolving heterogeneous networks and the user can change its parameters by reconfiguring LUTs and shift registers on the fly. It occupies almost the same area as an equivalent LIF model. It generates bio-plausible action potentials in the dendrites and sends out logic ’1’ pulses (spikes) on its axo ...
... for evolving heterogeneous networks and the user can change its parameters by reconfiguring LUTs and shift registers on the fly. It occupies almost the same area as an equivalent LIF model. It generates bio-plausible action potentials in the dendrites and sends out logic ’1’ pulses (spikes) on its axo ...
Synaptic and extrasynaptic traces of long-term memory
... known and can be combined to provide knowable output signals. The input streams to neurons come from sources largely unknown. In the higher animals, the specificity of cell adhesion molecules and other determinants of connectivity are only enough to identify the broader biological neuron types, not ...
... known and can be combined to provide knowable output signals. The input streams to neurons come from sources largely unknown. In the higher animals, the specificity of cell adhesion molecules and other determinants of connectivity are only enough to identify the broader biological neuron types, not ...
Stimulation Within the Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla Can Evoke
... Stimulation within the rostral ventrolateral medulla can evoke monosynaptic GABAergic IPSPs in sympathetic preganglionic neurons in vitro. J. Neurophysiol. 77: 229–235, 1997. The inhibitory responses of identified sympathetic preganglionic neurons (SPNs) to stimulation within the rostral ventrolater ...
... Stimulation within the rostral ventrolateral medulla can evoke monosynaptic GABAergic IPSPs in sympathetic preganglionic neurons in vitro. J. Neurophysiol. 77: 229–235, 1997. The inhibitory responses of identified sympathetic preganglionic neurons (SPNs) to stimulation within the rostral ventrolater ...
Dorsal Column Nuclei Neurons Recorded in a Brain Stem–Spinal
... FIG. 1. A: line drawing of the preparation used in these experiments. The brain stem was pinned with the dorsal surface uppermost and the spinal cord is twisted at the cervical level so that a ventral root could be easily accessed for placement of a suction electrode. Suction electrodes were placed ...
... FIG. 1. A: line drawing of the preparation used in these experiments. The brain stem was pinned with the dorsal surface uppermost and the spinal cord is twisted at the cervical level so that a ventral root could be easily accessed for placement of a suction electrode. Suction electrodes were placed ...
CHAPTER 48 NEURONS, SYNAPSES, AND SIGNALING Learning
... 1. Name the three stages in the processing of information by nervous systems. 2. Distinguish among sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons. 3. List and describe the major parts of a neuron and explain the function of each. 4. Describe the function of glia. The Nature of Nerve Signals 5. Def ...
... 1. Name the three stages in the processing of information by nervous systems. 2. Distinguish among sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons. 3. List and describe the major parts of a neuron and explain the function of each. 4. Describe the function of glia. The Nature of Nerve Signals 5. Def ...
Multiarray silicon probes with integrated optical fibers
... The next step is to place the optical fiber on the shank of the silicon probe. This procedure is carried out with the help of micromanipulators and under microscopic vision. The silicon probe is placed horizontally and the fiber is positioned with a slight angle (15–20) with the etched tip touching t ...
... The next step is to place the optical fiber on the shank of the silicon probe. This procedure is carried out with the help of micromanipulators and under microscopic vision. The silicon probe is placed horizontally and the fiber is positioned with a slight angle (15–20) with the etched tip touching t ...
Autonomic Nervous System
... a homeostatic one, tending to promote quiet and orderly processes of the body.” (Hollinshead and Rosse, p. 63). B. The sympathetic system often acts en masse while this is generally not true of the parasympathetic system. C. Both subdivisions (sympathetic and parasympathetic) can cause excitatory ef ...
... a homeostatic one, tending to promote quiet and orderly processes of the body.” (Hollinshead and Rosse, p. 63). B. The sympathetic system often acts en masse while this is generally not true of the parasympathetic system. C. Both subdivisions (sympathetic and parasympathetic) can cause excitatory ef ...
formalin perfusion for correlative light- and
... microscope, or to what extent the Nauta method may be considered to show terminal degeneration, are typical difficulties encountered. The main obstacle to correlative studies is that different techniques of fixation are used for light-microscope and ultrastructural studies (see, for example, Walberg ...
... microscope, or to what extent the Nauta method may be considered to show terminal degeneration, are typical difficulties encountered. The main obstacle to correlative studies is that different techniques of fixation are used for light-microscope and ultrastructural studies (see, for example, Walberg ...
Quantitative morphological changes in neurons from the dorsal
... volume in the dLGN. This, according to Hinds and McNelly (1977), Flood et al., (1985), and Coleman and Flood (1986), could be related to an increase in the dendritic tree in order to maintain the existing synaptic connections, despite the increase in the dLGN total volume, or perhaps, to compensate ...
... volume in the dLGN. This, according to Hinds and McNelly (1977), Flood et al., (1985), and Coleman and Flood (1986), could be related to an increase in the dendritic tree in order to maintain the existing synaptic connections, despite the increase in the dLGN total volume, or perhaps, to compensate ...
THE AREA POSTREMA: A POTENTIAL SITE FOR CIRCADIAN REGULATION BY
... ion substitution experiments revealed a PK2-induced Cl- current was responsible for membrane depolarization, while hyperpolarizations were the result of inhibition of an inwardly rectifying non-selective cation current. In contrast to these differential effects on membrane potential, nearly all neur ...
... ion substitution experiments revealed a PK2-induced Cl- current was responsible for membrane depolarization, while hyperpolarizations were the result of inhibition of an inwardly rectifying non-selective cation current. In contrast to these differential effects on membrane potential, nearly all neur ...
Cells of the Nervous System
... microelectrode A very fine electrode, generally used to record activity of individual neurons. membrane potential The electrical charge across a cell membrane; the difference in electrical potential inside and outside the cell. ...
... microelectrode A very fine electrode, generally used to record activity of individual neurons. membrane potential The electrical charge across a cell membrane; the difference in electrical potential inside and outside the cell. ...
Can`t live without them, can live with them: roles of caspases during
... 73]. Moreover the caspase cleavage of the cytoskeletal protein a-spectrin, which is believed to be important for membrane blebbing, results in a short-lived protein in apoptotic cells, but cleaved fragments of a- and b- spectrins during terminal differentiation and aging of lens fiber cells appear t ...
... 73]. Moreover the caspase cleavage of the cytoskeletal protein a-spectrin, which is believed to be important for membrane blebbing, results in a short-lived protein in apoptotic cells, but cleaved fragments of a- and b- spectrins during terminal differentiation and aging of lens fiber cells appear t ...
Movement-Related Neuronal Activity Selectively - Research
... I. Movement-related neuronal activity in the supplementary motor area (SMA), primary motor cortex (MC), and putamen was studied in monkeys performing a visuomotor tracking task designed to determine 1) the extent to which neuronal activity in each of these areas represented the direction of visually ...
... I. Movement-related neuronal activity in the supplementary motor area (SMA), primary motor cortex (MC), and putamen was studied in monkeys performing a visuomotor tracking task designed to determine 1) the extent to which neuronal activity in each of these areas represented the direction of visually ...
What is the other 85% of V1 doing?
... of interaction may be crucial to the operation of the system, and so cutting them out—either in theories or experiments—may give a misleading picture of how the system actually works. Obviously, if one knew in advance what the important modes of interaction were then one could choose to reduce appro ...
... of interaction may be crucial to the operation of the system, and so cutting them out—either in theories or experiments—may give a misleading picture of how the system actually works. Obviously, if one knew in advance what the important modes of interaction were then one could choose to reduce appro ...
Electrophysiology
Electrophysiology (from Greek ἥλεκτρον, ēlektron, ""amber"" [see the etymology of ""electron""]; φύσις, physis, ""nature, origin""; and -λογία, -logia) is the study of the electrical properties of biological cells and tissues. It involves measurements of voltage change or electric current on a wide variety of scales from single ion channel proteins to whole organs like the heart. In neuroscience, it includes measurements of the electrical activity of neurons, and particularly action potential activity. Recordings of large-scale electric signals from the nervous system such as electroencephalography, may also be referred to as electrophysiological recordings.