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... axons, and in basket cell axons in the cerebellar cortex of control mice (Fig. 1A). SMI-32 immunostaining in the Purkinje cell soma was not evenly distributed through all Purkinje cells. The intensity of SMI-32 staining in transverse sections varied so that rows of strongly stained Purkinje cell som ...
... axons, and in basket cell axons in the cerebellar cortex of control mice (Fig. 1A). SMI-32 immunostaining in the Purkinje cell soma was not evenly distributed through all Purkinje cells. The intensity of SMI-32 staining in transverse sections varied so that rows of strongly stained Purkinje cell som ...
Interval time coding by neurons in the presupplementary and
... Our exploration of the role of medial motor area neurons in interval timing yielded three major findings. First, a majority of preSMA neurons responding to the instruction signal showed selectivity to the interval time rather than to the color of the visual signal. This observation indicates that th ...
... Our exploration of the role of medial motor area neurons in interval timing yielded three major findings. First, a majority of preSMA neurons responding to the instruction signal showed selectivity to the interval time rather than to the color of the visual signal. This observation indicates that th ...
Student Cortical Organization
... • A positive wave is registered when the net current flows towards the electrode, & • a negative wave is recorded when the current flow away from the electrode . ...
... • A positive wave is registered when the net current flows towards the electrode, & • a negative wave is recorded when the current flow away from the electrode . ...
Early Embryonic Expression of Ion Channels and Pumps in Chick
... produce complex standing electric fields and, thus, to induce ion currents through extracellular spaces; these currents are found in spatiotemporal patterns consistent with specific roles in development (e.g., Jaffe and Nuccitelli, 1977; Nuccitelli, 1986). (2) Interruption of the pattern of these field ...
... produce complex standing electric fields and, thus, to induce ion currents through extracellular spaces; these currents are found in spatiotemporal patterns consistent with specific roles in development (e.g., Jaffe and Nuccitelli, 1977; Nuccitelli, 1986). (2) Interruption of the pattern of these field ...
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... reference. Both the cerebellar and cochlear granule cell domain are named for their principal cell type, the small, excitatory granule cells. However, there are several other cell types interspersed among the granule cells, including the Golgi cell and the recently described unipolar brush cell (UBC ...
... reference. Both the cerebellar and cochlear granule cell domain are named for their principal cell type, the small, excitatory granule cells. However, there are several other cell types interspersed among the granule cells, including the Golgi cell and the recently described unipolar brush cell (UBC ...
STOCHASTIC GENERATION OF BIOLOGICALLY - G
... are often, but not exclusively, arranged in a lattice structure defined by five groups of input morphological parameters. Lattice structures are known to play a prominent role in the brain regions such as cerebellum, retina, striate cortex, hypocampus, and most recently in the hyporeticulum. However ...
... are often, but not exclusively, arranged in a lattice structure defined by five groups of input morphological parameters. Lattice structures are known to play a prominent role in the brain regions such as cerebellum, retina, striate cortex, hypocampus, and most recently in the hyporeticulum. However ...
Event-Driven Simulation Scheme for Spiking Neural Networks Using
... matrix) for storing synaptic delays. This is suited only for handling a fixed number of latencies. In contrast, our simulation needed to support arbitrary synaptic delays. This required that each spike transmitted between two cells is represented internally by two events. The first one (the firing e ...
... matrix) for storing synaptic delays. This is suited only for handling a fixed number of latencies. In contrast, our simulation needed to support arbitrary synaptic delays. This required that each spike transmitted between two cells is represented internally by two events. The first one (the firing e ...
Correlation between auditory threshold and the auditory brainstem
... infections, hyperbilirubinemia, meningitis, fetal distress and perinatal asphyxia. The early detection of this hearing loss can be diagnostic with sensitive techniques, such as the auditory brainstem response (ABR). These techniques are the relatively early component of the auditory evoked potential ...
... infections, hyperbilirubinemia, meningitis, fetal distress and perinatal asphyxia. The early detection of this hearing loss can be diagnostic with sensitive techniques, such as the auditory brainstem response (ABR). These techniques are the relatively early component of the auditory evoked potential ...
ch_12_lecture_presentation
... neuron, describe the functions of each component, and classify neurons on the basis of their structure and function. • 12-3 Describe the locations and functions of the various types of neuroglia. ...
... neuron, describe the functions of each component, and classify neurons on the basis of their structure and function. • 12-3 Describe the locations and functions of the various types of neuroglia. ...
Signaling of Cell Death and Cell Survival Following Focal Cerebral
... Abstract. Focal ischemia by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) results in necrosis at the infarct core and activation of complex signal pathways for cell death and cell survival in the penumbra. Recent studies have shown activation of the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways of caspase-mediated cel ...
... Abstract. Focal ischemia by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) results in necrosis at the infarct core and activation of complex signal pathways for cell death and cell survival in the penumbra. Recent studies have shown activation of the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways of caspase-mediated cel ...
Target-cell-specific concentration of a metabotropic glutamate
... terminals is regulated by presynaptic receptors responding to transmitters released fro m the same nerve terminal or from terminals of other neurons. The release of glutamate, the major excitatory neurotransmitter, is suppressed by presynaptic auto· receptors'-J. Here we show that a metabotropic glu ...
... terminals is regulated by presynaptic receptors responding to transmitters released fro m the same nerve terminal or from terminals of other neurons. The release of glutamate, the major excitatory neurotransmitter, is suppressed by presynaptic auto· receptors'-J. Here we show that a metabotropic glu ...
(2006) A cognitive signal for the proactive timing of action in
... activity should predict the precise time of proactive hand movements whenever these movements occur during a trial. Again analyzing the 40 LIP cells with elevated modulation indices, we plotted the populationaveraged activity from proactive trials, aligned to the start of dot motion and grouped by t ...
... activity should predict the precise time of proactive hand movements whenever these movements occur during a trial. Again analyzing the 40 LIP cells with elevated modulation indices, we plotted the populationaveraged activity from proactive trials, aligned to the start of dot motion and grouped by t ...
Monitoring cell-cell contacts in vivo in transgenic animals
... (Jagadish et al., 2014). Conversely, in its current implementation, TANGO-TRACE cannot be used to monitor cell-cell interactions based on physical contact. This feature would be advantageous to investigate cell-cell interactions that do not depend on the release of molecules, for example, during dev ...
... (Jagadish et al., 2014). Conversely, in its current implementation, TANGO-TRACE cannot be used to monitor cell-cell interactions based on physical contact. This feature would be advantageous to investigate cell-cell interactions that do not depend on the release of molecules, for example, during dev ...
Time-delay-induced phase-transition to synchrony in coupled
... and the trajectories in the phase-space move slowly in one region whereas they move fast in the other region. The y–z plane along the firing threshold x ¼ –1 approximately separates these two regions in the HR neuron, and v 0:04 V approximately separates in the IN neuron case. Different time scal ...
... and the trajectories in the phase-space move slowly in one region whereas they move fast in the other region. The y–z plane along the firing threshold x ¼ –1 approximately separates these two regions in the HR neuron, and v 0:04 V approximately separates in the IN neuron case. Different time scal ...
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... intracellularly recorded CN neurons. The amplitude of both synaptic responses usually increased with increasing stimulation intensities and EPSPs normally reached the threshold for spike generation. Further increase of stimulation intensity, however, could still increase the amplitude of the followi ...
... intracellularly recorded CN neurons. The amplitude of both synaptic responses usually increased with increasing stimulation intensities and EPSPs normally reached the threshold for spike generation. Further increase of stimulation intensity, however, could still increase the amplitude of the followi ...
Directional terms describe the positions of human structures relative
... Each neuron has three basic parts: cell body (soma), one or more dendrites, and a single axon. Dendrites are usually, but not always, short and branching, which increases their surface area to receive signals from other neurons. They are called afferent processes because they transmit impulses to t ...
... Each neuron has three basic parts: cell body (soma), one or more dendrites, and a single axon. Dendrites are usually, but not always, short and branching, which increases their surface area to receive signals from other neurons. They are called afferent processes because they transmit impulses to t ...
An Energy Budget for Signaling in the Grey Matter of the Brain
... receptor channels. At the cerebellar mossy fiber to granule cell synapse (Silver et al., 1996a,b), the hippocampal Schaffer collateral CA3-CA1 synapse (Jonas et al., 1993; Spruston et al., 1995), and excitatory synapses onto neocortical pyramidal cells (Hestrin, 1993; Markram et al., 1997; Häusser a ...
... receptor channels. At the cerebellar mossy fiber to granule cell synapse (Silver et al., 1996a,b), the hippocampal Schaffer collateral CA3-CA1 synapse (Jonas et al., 1993; Spruston et al., 1995), and excitatory synapses onto neocortical pyramidal cells (Hestrin, 1993; Markram et al., 1997; Häusser a ...
serotonergic modulation of swimming speed in the pteropod mollusc
... Furthermore, depolarizing responses were blocked by bath application of 1025 mol l21 mianserin, suggesting that all major cell types in the swimming system were directly responsive to serotonin. On the basis of the locations of the cerebral immunoreactive neurons reported in the first paper in this ...
... Furthermore, depolarizing responses were blocked by bath application of 1025 mol l21 mianserin, suggesting that all major cell types in the swimming system were directly responsive to serotonin. On the basis of the locations of the cerebral immunoreactive neurons reported in the first paper in this ...
Rebound spiking properties of mouse medial entorhinal cortex neurons in vivo NEUROSYSTEMS
... software (sampling rates: 10 kHz). Mechanical noise was reduced by use of an air table. Only recordings with resting membrane potentials more hyperpolarized than –54 mV (68.9 5.2 mV, mean SD) and spike peaks higher than –34 mV (7.7 25.2 mV) were used for analysis. Nine out of 16 cells showed ...
... software (sampling rates: 10 kHz). Mechanical noise was reduced by use of an air table. Only recordings with resting membrane potentials more hyperpolarized than –54 mV (68.9 5.2 mV, mean SD) and spike peaks higher than –34 mV (7.7 25.2 mV) were used for analysis. Nine out of 16 cells showed ...
Neuronal Activity in the Hippocampus During Delayed Non
... and memory tasks (O’Keefe and Nadel, 1978) and certain types of discrimination and a variety of complex learning tasks (Eichenbaum et al., 1992a; 1992b). However, selective aspiration of the hippocampus does not produce an impairment in object-cued DNMS tasks in rats (Aggleton et al., 1986; Rothblat ...
... and memory tasks (O’Keefe and Nadel, 1978) and certain types of discrimination and a variety of complex learning tasks (Eichenbaum et al., 1992a; 1992b). However, selective aspiration of the hippocampus does not produce an impairment in object-cued DNMS tasks in rats (Aggleton et al., 1986; Rothblat ...
Got diversity? Wiring the fly brain with Dscam
... among neurites in the developing nervous system have been identified and characterized, and include cadherins [3], ephrins and ephs [4], semaphorins and plexins [5], neurexins and neuroligins [6,7], and immunoglobulin superfamily proteins such as syg1 and syg2 [8] and sidekicks [9]. The interactions ...
... among neurites in the developing nervous system have been identified and characterized, and include cadherins [3], ephrins and ephs [4], semaphorins and plexins [5], neurexins and neuroligins [6,7], and immunoglobulin superfamily proteins such as syg1 and syg2 [8] and sidekicks [9]. The interactions ...
Synaptic Regulation of Action Potential Timing in
... the giant cells, and summation of only two or three such potentials is sufficient to trigger an action potential (Wilson, 1993). Hence, these depolarizing potentials appear to be instrumental not only in the generation of the tonic irregular firing pattern observed in giant cells in vivo (Wilson et ...
... the giant cells, and summation of only two or three such potentials is sufficient to trigger an action potential (Wilson, 1993). Hence, these depolarizing potentials appear to be instrumental not only in the generation of the tonic irregular firing pattern observed in giant cells in vivo (Wilson et ...
the neuron types of the glomerular layer of the olfactory bulb
... or on details of particular cells (Price & Powell, 1970a, b, c, d). The latter authors have investigated the connexions of the mitral, granule and deep short-axon cells of the rat olfactory bulb, as well as demonstrating the mode of termination of the centrifugal pathways to the deep layers of the b ...
... or on details of particular cells (Price & Powell, 1970a, b, c, d). The latter authors have investigated the connexions of the mitral, granule and deep short-axon cells of the rat olfactory bulb, as well as demonstrating the mode of termination of the centrifugal pathways to the deep layers of the b ...
Well That Frog Just Doesn`t Have The Nerve
... action potentials is called the Compound Action Potential (CAP), which produced a graded response to the stimulation (Freeman 1999). When a sciatic nerve is dissected from a freshly pithed American bullfrog, it is possible to determine the Conduction Velocity by generating a CAP (Lab book). It is al ...
... action potentials is called the Compound Action Potential (CAP), which produced a graded response to the stimulation (Freeman 1999). When a sciatic nerve is dissected from a freshly pithed American bullfrog, it is possible to determine the Conduction Velocity by generating a CAP (Lab book). It is al ...
Electrophysiology
Electrophysiology (from Greek ἥλεκτρον, ēlektron, ""amber"" [see the etymology of ""electron""]; φύσις, physis, ""nature, origin""; and -λογία, -logia) is the study of the electrical properties of biological cells and tissues. It involves measurements of voltage change or electric current on a wide variety of scales from single ion channel proteins to whole organs like the heart. In neuroscience, it includes measurements of the electrical activity of neurons, and particularly action potential activity. Recordings of large-scale electric signals from the nervous system such as electroencephalography, may also be referred to as electrophysiological recordings.