Thalamocortical inputs trigger a propagating envelope of gamma
... were obtained in an interface-recording chamber using the “blind” whole-cell patch technique (Blanton et al. 1989; Metherate and Ashe 1994) or conventional sharp microelectrode methods. Recordings using patch electrodes were not corrected for junction potentials except when resting potentials were c ...
... were obtained in an interface-recording chamber using the “blind” whole-cell patch technique (Blanton et al. 1989; Metherate and Ashe 1994) or conventional sharp microelectrode methods. Recordings using patch electrodes were not corrected for junction potentials except when resting potentials were c ...
A Gaussian Approach to Neural Nets with Multiple Memory Domains
... activity of the netlet. The model for the origin of such spontaneous activity is mathematically simple. The PSPs, which in the usual non-noisy neural models were assumed to be zero in the absence of presynaptic activity, are now allowed to undergo spontaneous random fluctuations. This is somewhat si ...
... activity of the netlet. The model for the origin of such spontaneous activity is mathematically simple. The PSPs, which in the usual non-noisy neural models were assumed to be zero in the absence of presynaptic activity, are now allowed to undergo spontaneous random fluctuations. This is somewhat si ...
Physiology
... These are circuits in which several interneuron's are arranged to form an open circuit (fig. 2-7). When interneuron (1) is excited, it sends a signal to the output neuron and collateral to excite interneuron (2). Interneuron (2) then sends a signal to the output neuron and collateral to excite inter ...
... These are circuits in which several interneuron's are arranged to form an open circuit (fig. 2-7). When interneuron (1) is excited, it sends a signal to the output neuron and collateral to excite interneuron (2). Interneuron (2) then sends a signal to the output neuron and collateral to excite inter ...
Bipolar neurons in rat visual cortex: A combined
... relatively simpler model. In addition, it has the advantage of being smooth and only about 1.5 m m thick. On the basis of light microscopic examination of material impregnated by the Golgi technique the neurons of area 17 of rat visual cortex can be described as either pyramidal or non-pyramidal in ...
... relatively simpler model. In addition, it has the advantage of being smooth and only about 1.5 m m thick. On the basis of light microscopic examination of material impregnated by the Golgi technique the neurons of area 17 of rat visual cortex can be described as either pyramidal or non-pyramidal in ...
INFORMATION PROCESSING WITH POPULATION CODES
... architecture of the brain. What are the units of computation and how is information represented at the neural level? An important part of the answers to these questions is that individual elements of information are encoded not by single cells, but rather by populations or clusters of cells. This en ...
... architecture of the brain. What are the units of computation and how is information represented at the neural level? An important part of the answers to these questions is that individual elements of information are encoded not by single cells, but rather by populations or clusters of cells. This en ...
Chapter 17- The Special Senses
... 9) Which of the following taste sensations arises from ions entering specific channels in the plasma membranes of gustatory receptors? A) salty B) sour C) sweet D) A and B are correct. E) A, B and C are correct. 10) Which of the following tastants binds to receptors on the plasma membrane rather tha ...
... 9) Which of the following taste sensations arises from ions entering specific channels in the plasma membranes of gustatory receptors? A) salty B) sour C) sweet D) A and B are correct. E) A, B and C are correct. 10) Which of the following tastants binds to receptors on the plasma membrane rather tha ...
Spindle-Like Thalamocortical Synchronization in a Rat Brain Slice
... were obtained from each hemisphere at the level of the ventrobasal complex (VB). Both were then transferred to a tissue chamber where they laid in an interface between oxygenated ACSF and humidified gas (95% O2-5% CO2) at 32–35°C (pH ⫽ 7.4). ACSF composition was as follows (mM): 124 NaCl, 2 KCl, 1.2 ...
... were obtained from each hemisphere at the level of the ventrobasal complex (VB). Both were then transferred to a tissue chamber where they laid in an interface between oxygenated ACSF and humidified gas (95% O2-5% CO2) at 32–35°C (pH ⫽ 7.4). ACSF composition was as follows (mM): 124 NaCl, 2 KCl, 1.2 ...
Excitation of Ventral Tegmental Area Dopaminergic and
... (MCH) (Bachem), quinpirole (Research Biochemicals, Natick, MA), dopamine (Sigma, Deisenhofen, Germany), and DAMGO (Tyr-D-Ala-GlyNMe-Phe-Gly-ol) (Tocris Cookson, Bristol, UK). All other chemicals were obtained from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). DAMGO was dissolved in DMSO (final bath concentration of D ...
... (MCH) (Bachem), quinpirole (Research Biochemicals, Natick, MA), dopamine (Sigma, Deisenhofen, Germany), and DAMGO (Tyr-D-Ala-GlyNMe-Phe-Gly-ol) (Tocris Cookson, Bristol, UK). All other chemicals were obtained from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). DAMGO was dissolved in DMSO (final bath concentration of D ...
Lectin and Peptide Expression in Nodose
... unmyelinated somatosensory afferents are specifically labeled by lectins (12). In the present study, it was found that GSA I-B4-positive neurons were smaller than unlabeled neurons in NG. Hence, it may be suggested that lectin labeled neurons are sensory and could be reasonable candidates for nocice ...
... unmyelinated somatosensory afferents are specifically labeled by lectins (12). In the present study, it was found that GSA I-B4-positive neurons were smaller than unlabeled neurons in NG. Hence, it may be suggested that lectin labeled neurons are sensory and could be reasonable candidates for nocice ...
The Effect of Slow Electrical Stimuli to Achieve Learning in Cultured
... activity in a large number of neurons. To facilitate access to such a large number of neurons, several groups now use preparations of cultured neurons grown over a multi electrode array (MEA, see Figure 1). This enables simultaneous measurement from multiple electrodes, as well as network manipulati ...
... activity in a large number of neurons. To facilitate access to such a large number of neurons, several groups now use preparations of cultured neurons grown over a multi electrode array (MEA, see Figure 1). This enables simultaneous measurement from multiple electrodes, as well as network manipulati ...
optimization of neuronal cultures derived from human induced
... Supplement (Invitrogen), 500 µM glutamine (Invitrogen), and 6.25 µM glutamate (Sigma). When neurons were cocultured with glia, medium consisted of Advanced DMEM/F12 plus 1% fetal calf serum. Cultures were analyzed between 2 and 7 weeks in vitro on the MANTRA system or on a fluorescence microscope im ...
... Supplement (Invitrogen), 500 µM glutamine (Invitrogen), and 6.25 µM glutamate (Sigma). When neurons were cocultured with glia, medium consisted of Advanced DMEM/F12 plus 1% fetal calf serum. Cultures were analyzed between 2 and 7 weeks in vitro on the MANTRA system or on a fluorescence microscope im ...
Strasbourg, 15 April 1996 - Neurobiology and Developmental
... NIH/National Center for Research Resources $1,229,518/year Role: Electrophysiology Core Director Title: “Center for Translational Neuroscience” (NIH RePORTER Abstract). The major goals of this project are to implement a Career Development Program for five Project Principal Investigators (PIs) who ar ...
... NIH/National Center for Research Resources $1,229,518/year Role: Electrophysiology Core Director Title: “Center for Translational Neuroscience” (NIH RePORTER Abstract). The major goals of this project are to implement a Career Development Program for five Project Principal Investigators (PIs) who ar ...
Mechanisms of cell migration in the nervous system
... multiple growth cones (Fig. 2 A, i). Indeed, the leading process does not turn when the source of attractant changes (Ward et al., 2005; Martini et al., 2009). Rather, branches are selectively stabilized based on proximity to the source of attractant: the branch whose growth cone is nearer the attra ...
... multiple growth cones (Fig. 2 A, i). Indeed, the leading process does not turn when the source of attractant changes (Ward et al., 2005; Martini et al., 2009). Rather, branches are selectively stabilized based on proximity to the source of attractant: the branch whose growth cone is nearer the attra ...
Membrane-shaping disorders: a common pathway in axon
... autonomic neuropathies are characterized by degeneration of peripheral nerve fibres. Because the underlying pathologies share many parallels, the disorders are also referred to as axonopathies. A large number of genes has been associated with axonopathies and one of the emerging subgroups encodes me ...
... autonomic neuropathies are characterized by degeneration of peripheral nerve fibres. Because the underlying pathologies share many parallels, the disorders are also referred to as axonopathies. A large number of genes has been associated with axonopathies and one of the emerging subgroups encodes me ...
Impairment of a parabolic bursting rhythm by the ectopic expression
... accession no. AY229985). pNEXdF-rSK2 was co-injected with pNEXd-hrGFP [7], a marker of gene transfer. Fig. 1A shows an example of rSK2 expression in the R15 Aplysia neuron 8 h after DNA microinjection. First of all, we confirmed the expression of the rSK2 channel by measuring its current with a two- ...
... accession no. AY229985). pNEXdF-rSK2 was co-injected with pNEXd-hrGFP [7], a marker of gene transfer. Fig. 1A shows an example of rSK2 expression in the R15 Aplysia neuron 8 h after DNA microinjection. First of all, we confirmed the expression of the rSK2 channel by measuring its current with a two- ...
Regulation of Stroke-Induced Neurogenesis in Adult Brain—Recent
... 2002; Carleton and others 2003). So far, patch-clamp recordings have not been possible from the stroke-generated striatal neurons because of technical problems with very ineffective transduction using available green fluorescent protein (GFP)labeled viral vectors. Thus, it is not known whether the ne ...
... 2002; Carleton and others 2003). So far, patch-clamp recordings have not been possible from the stroke-generated striatal neurons because of technical problems with very ineffective transduction using available green fluorescent protein (GFP)labeled viral vectors. Thus, it is not known whether the ne ...
MS Word Version - Interactive Physiology
... 20. (Page 8.) Acetylcholine acts indirectly at these receptors, producing a _______ ___________of the postsynaptic cells. In the heart, this effect _________ the heart rate. a.fast excitation, increasing b. slow inhibition, decreases 21. (Page 8.) Acetylcholine is inhibitory at these muscarinic rece ...
... 20. (Page 8.) Acetylcholine acts indirectly at these receptors, producing a _______ ___________of the postsynaptic cells. In the heart, this effect _________ the heart rate. a.fast excitation, increasing b. slow inhibition, decreases 21. (Page 8.) Acetylcholine is inhibitory at these muscarinic rece ...
Selkoe (Nat Cell Biol
... slightly reducing the major cleavage at Aβ40. This subtle perturbation does not notably alter the additional ‘epsilon’ cleavage (Fig. 2) of the Notch and APP transmembrane domains near their cytoplasmic faces, and therefore does not seem to interfere with NICD and AICD release. In short, the AD-caus ...
... slightly reducing the major cleavage at Aβ40. This subtle perturbation does not notably alter the additional ‘epsilon’ cleavage (Fig. 2) of the Notch and APP transmembrane domains near their cytoplasmic faces, and therefore does not seem to interfere with NICD and AICD release. In short, the AD-caus ...
Optogenetics in a transparent animal: circuit function in the larval
... escape response. (b) Mapping brain regions necessary for saccade generation using yellow-light activation of NpHR (adapted with permission from [30]). The ratio between saccade number in expressing versus non-expressing larvae decreases when light hits a certain part of the hindbrain, suggesting tha ...
... escape response. (b) Mapping brain regions necessary for saccade generation using yellow-light activation of NpHR (adapted with permission from [30]). The ratio between saccade number in expressing versus non-expressing larvae decreases when light hits a certain part of the hindbrain, suggesting tha ...
Zn2 Slows Down CaV3.3 Gating Kinetics: Implications for
... 1999), carrying more slowly inactivating currents such as those recorded in nRT cells (Huguenard and Prince 1992). As these different isoforms have specific kinetic properties, neuron behavior will depend on the type of T-current it expresses. Specifically, because slow inactivating CaV3.3 channels ...
... 1999), carrying more slowly inactivating currents such as those recorded in nRT cells (Huguenard and Prince 1992). As these different isoforms have specific kinetic properties, neuron behavior will depend on the type of T-current it expresses. Specifically, because slow inactivating CaV3.3 channels ...
Morphology of HRP-Injected Spinocervical Tract Neurons: Effect of
... off periodically to ensure anesthesia, which was supplemented as necessary through an intravenous cannula. The microelectrodes used for recording and iontophoresis of HRP were broken micropipettes filled with Tris-buffered 0.5 M KC1 solution (pH 7.3) containing approximately 10% HRP (Sigma Type VI) ...
... off periodically to ensure anesthesia, which was supplemented as necessary through an intravenous cannula. The microelectrodes used for recording and iontophoresis of HRP were broken micropipettes filled with Tris-buffered 0.5 M KC1 solution (pH 7.3) containing approximately 10% HRP (Sigma Type VI) ...
Identified Serotonergic Neurons LCBI and RCBI in the Cerebral
... in the isolated nervous system. The cellular basis of this prolonged increase in firing rate has not yet been investigated. Stimulation of CBI produces facilitation of EPSPs from LE cells to follower cells We next addressed the question of whether stimulating the CBl cells in a manner similar to the ...
... in the isolated nervous system. The cellular basis of this prolonged increase in firing rate has not yet been investigated. Stimulation of CBI produces facilitation of EPSPs from LE cells to follower cells We next addressed the question of whether stimulating the CBl cells in a manner similar to the ...
Parallel Transformation of Tactile Signals in Central Circuits of
... characteristic and reliable positions of their cell bodies, as well as their intrinsic properties: recorded neurons in each class had a characteristic input resistance, resting membrane potential, and spike waveform. We were able to reliably record from midline local and projection neurons by target ...
... characteristic and reliable positions of their cell bodies, as well as their intrinsic properties: recorded neurons in each class had a characteristic input resistance, resting membrane potential, and spike waveform. We were able to reliably record from midline local and projection neurons by target ...
Plasticity in the Nervous System of Adult Hydra. III. Conversion of
... with nitrogen mustard (Diehl and Burnett, 1964) or with hydroxyurea (Sacks and Davis, 1979). The treatment also eliminates all neuron-differentiation intermediates. Two groups of animals were treated, one with hydroxyurea, and the other with nitrogen mustard. To be sure that each of the two treatmen ...
... with nitrogen mustard (Diehl and Burnett, 1964) or with hydroxyurea (Sacks and Davis, 1979). The treatment also eliminates all neuron-differentiation intermediates. Two groups of animals were treated, one with hydroxyurea, and the other with nitrogen mustard. To be sure that each of the two treatmen ...
6 - Coach Eikrem's Website
... Match these words with 1–4 below: sympathetic nervous system, myelin, synapse, axon. 1. high alert 2. transmits impulses away from cell body 3. fatty insulating material 4. gap between neurons ...
... Match these words with 1–4 below: sympathetic nervous system, myelin, synapse, axon. 1. high alert 2. transmits impulses away from cell body 3. fatty insulating material 4. gap between neurons ...
Electrophysiology
Electrophysiology (from Greek ἥλεκτρον, ēlektron, ""amber"" [see the etymology of ""electron""]; φύσις, physis, ""nature, origin""; and -λογία, -logia) is the study of the electrical properties of biological cells and tissues. It involves measurements of voltage change or electric current on a wide variety of scales from single ion channel proteins to whole organs like the heart. In neuroscience, it includes measurements of the electrical activity of neurons, and particularly action potential activity. Recordings of large-scale electric signals from the nervous system such as electroencephalography, may also be referred to as electrophysiological recordings.