Processing in layer 4 of the neocortical circuit: new insights from
... inhibition and threshold sharpen spike tuning relative to voltage tuning; it is voltage tuning that would be expected to follow a linear prediction. Ferster’s group tested this by mapping the cell’s RF intracellularly with flashed spots, and found that the voltage response to a drifting sinusoidal l ...
... inhibition and threshold sharpen spike tuning relative to voltage tuning; it is voltage tuning that would be expected to follow a linear prediction. Ferster’s group tested this by mapping the cell’s RF intracellularly with flashed spots, and found that the voltage response to a drifting sinusoidal l ...
characterisation of dopamine neurons of the murine ventral
... neurons originating from this region project and receive input from various other brain regions and through several neurotransmitter systems. The attention was concentrated on the excitatory modulation suggested to regulate important functions of synaptic plasticity, which have been associated with ...
... neurons originating from this region project and receive input from various other brain regions and through several neurotransmitter systems. The attention was concentrated on the excitatory modulation suggested to regulate important functions of synaptic plasticity, which have been associated with ...
Roles for miRNAs in Timing Developmental Progression Within
... a certain level of maturity or connectivity. However, additional regulatory mechanisms likely influence miRNA levels in neurons because only a subset of miRNAs appear to be subject to this rapid turnover, and only a subset of neurons display this increased rate of miRNA turnover. Target mRNA levels ...
... a certain level of maturity or connectivity. However, additional regulatory mechanisms likely influence miRNA levels in neurons because only a subset of miRNAs appear to be subject to this rapid turnover, and only a subset of neurons display this increased rate of miRNA turnover. Target mRNA levels ...
7 | cellular respiration
... using ATP as the source of the phosphate, producing glucose-6-phosphate, a more reactive form of glucose. This reaction prevents the phosphorylated glucose molecule from continuing to interact with the GLUT proteins, and it can no longer leave the cell because the negatively charged phosphate will n ...
... using ATP as the source of the phosphate, producing glucose-6-phosphate, a more reactive form of glucose. This reaction prevents the phosphorylated glucose molecule from continuing to interact with the GLUT proteins, and it can no longer leave the cell because the negatively charged phosphate will n ...
The role of the Golgi apparatus in neuronal polarity
... Brain Cells Cell polarity plays an essential role in development of neurons. The neuron is the most well-known cell type of the brain. A neuron is defined by its ability to send electrical action potentials through neuronal circuitry and form connections, referred to as synapses between two neurons. ...
... Brain Cells Cell polarity plays an essential role in development of neurons. The neuron is the most well-known cell type of the brain. A neuron is defined by its ability to send electrical action potentials through neuronal circuitry and form connections, referred to as synapses between two neurons. ...
The neuronal structure of the globus pallidus in the rabbit — Nissl
... second one consists of small, mostly rounded cells with a beaded axon. Salter [33], using thionine-stained scraps, distinguished the typical large, heavily stained multipolar cells with smaller neurons mixed in. In the ventral portion, the large cells were predominant, whereas in the dorsal portion ...
... second one consists of small, mostly rounded cells with a beaded axon. Salter [33], using thionine-stained scraps, distinguished the typical large, heavily stained multipolar cells with smaller neurons mixed in. In the ventral portion, the large cells were predominant, whereas in the dorsal portion ...
Properties of spike train spectra in two parietal reach areas
... existence of significantly elevated spectral power in the gamma frequency band (25–90 Hz). LFP activity reflects the movement of extracellular currents arising from the activation of a local neuronal ensemble and is easier to record than spiking activity, particularly over long time intervals (Mitzd ...
... existence of significantly elevated spectral power in the gamma frequency band (25–90 Hz). LFP activity reflects the movement of extracellular currents arising from the activation of a local neuronal ensemble and is easier to record than spiking activity, particularly over long time intervals (Mitzd ...
Extracellular Matrix Molecules and Cell Adhesion Molecules Induce
... LN are used to coat nitrocellulose substrates (see also Fig. 2, E and F). The availability of purified CAMs that induce neurite growth allows a test of the generality of this C kinase result. H7 does not prevent the growth of neurites induced by Con A in CG neurons, suggesting that C kinase function ...
... LN are used to coat nitrocellulose substrates (see also Fig. 2, E and F). The availability of purified CAMs that induce neurite growth allows a test of the generality of this C kinase result. H7 does not prevent the growth of neurites induced by Con A in CG neurons, suggesting that C kinase function ...
VIEW PDF - Glaucoma Today
... Prog Retin Eye Res. 2003;22:465-481. 14. Crawford ML, Harwerth RS, Smith EL 3rd, et al. Experimental glaucoma in primates: changes in cytochrome oxidase blobs in V1 cortex. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2001;42 :358364. 15. Lam DY, Kaufman PL, Gabelt BT, et al. Neurochemical correlates of cortical plas ...
... Prog Retin Eye Res. 2003;22:465-481. 14. Crawford ML, Harwerth RS, Smith EL 3rd, et al. Experimental glaucoma in primates: changes in cytochrome oxidase blobs in V1 cortex. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2001;42 :358364. 15. Lam DY, Kaufman PL, Gabelt BT, et al. Neurochemical correlates of cortical plas ...
innervation of the ventral diaphragm of the locust
... For light microscopical examination of the motor innervation the diaphragm was pinned, ventral side up, on to the wax-floor of a Petri dish and continuously perfused with saline. One of the segmental nerves was then stained with CoCl8 (Pitman, Tweedle & Cohen, 1972) or NiCl2 via the cut axons (lies ...
... For light microscopical examination of the motor innervation the diaphragm was pinned, ventral side up, on to the wax-floor of a Petri dish and continuously perfused with saline. One of the segmental nerves was then stained with CoCl8 (Pitman, Tweedle & Cohen, 1972) or NiCl2 via the cut axons (lies ...
Neuronal rebound spiking, resonance frequency and theta
... input from the medial septum with different phases according to the equation: Ims ¼ m sinð2pft þ 2pði/nÞÞ, where f is the medial septal frequency, i is the interneuron index and n is the total number of interneurons along one ‘line’ of the model. In the spiking versions of the model described below, ...
... input from the medial septum with different phases according to the equation: Ims ¼ m sinð2pft þ 2pði/nÞÞ, where f is the medial septal frequency, i is the interneuron index and n is the total number of interneurons along one ‘line’ of the model. In the spiking versions of the model described below, ...
Nothing can be coincidence: synaptic inhibition and plasticity in the
... microelectrode recordings from cerebellar nuclear neurons estimate the Cl! equilibrium potential (ECl) to be near !75 mV [8,37], and GABAB receptors are apparently not activated even by high-frequency trains of inhibition [5,26,38]; in fact, when high-frequency IPSP trains have been recorded without ...
... microelectrode recordings from cerebellar nuclear neurons estimate the Cl! equilibrium potential (ECl) to be near !75 mV [8,37], and GABAB receptors are apparently not activated even by high-frequency trains of inhibition [5,26,38]; in fact, when high-frequency IPSP trains have been recorded without ...
Spike train propagation in the axon of a visual interneuron,... Locusta migratoria
... recycling and presynaptic calcium entry each consumed 3%. Indeed this modeling of energy consumption based on anatomical and physical data supports the idea that a comparatively small amount of energy is required to maintain the vegetative metabolism of a neuron. It also highlights the validity of ...
... recycling and presynaptic calcium entry each consumed 3%. Indeed this modeling of energy consumption based on anatomical and physical data supports the idea that a comparatively small amount of energy is required to maintain the vegetative metabolism of a neuron. It also highlights the validity of ...
An optical neural interface: in vivo control of rodent
... stimulation efficacy without an increased side effect profile. Employing light to activate neurons has emerged as an attractive new concept (for review, see [21–24]). Leveraging advances in chemical biology and molecular genetics, several groups have developed novel optical techniques to control neu ...
... stimulation efficacy without an increased side effect profile. Employing light to activate neurons has emerged as an attractive new concept (for review, see [21–24]). Leveraging advances in chemical biology and molecular genetics, several groups have developed novel optical techniques to control neu ...
A mathematical model on REM-NREM cycle
... amplifying and one resonant current. Some mechanisms have one resonant and one amplifying current. So, many models focused on system of equations where the variables involved are these currents. They made correspondences between resting, excitable, and periodic spiking activity to a stable equilibri ...
... amplifying and one resonant current. Some mechanisms have one resonant and one amplifying current. So, many models focused on system of equations where the variables involved are these currents. They made correspondences between resting, excitable, and periodic spiking activity to a stable equilibri ...
PDF - Center for Theoretical Neuroscience
... situation is a model that retains the essential features of a full, realistic model, but is as simple as possible. Over the years a number of simplified neuron models have been used for simulations of neurons and neural net? works. However, in most cases, these sim? plified models have been ad hoc, ...
... situation is a model that retains the essential features of a full, realistic model, but is as simple as possible. Over the years a number of simplified neuron models have been used for simulations of neurons and neural net? works. However, in most cases, these sim? plified models have been ad hoc, ...
Comparative analysis of the baseline spike activity of
... random interspike intervals accounted for only 1.3% of cells (Fig. 2, I). Analysis of histograms of interspike intervals for neurons in the fastigial nucleus in normal conditions showed a predominance of polymodal neurons (64.5%) (Fig. 3, B, III). There were significantly fewer mono- and bimodal neu ...
... random interspike intervals accounted for only 1.3% of cells (Fig. 2, I). Analysis of histograms of interspike intervals for neurons in the fastigial nucleus in normal conditions showed a predominance of polymodal neurons (64.5%) (Fig. 3, B, III). There were significantly fewer mono- and bimodal neu ...
Glucocorticoids Enhance the Excitability of Principal Basolateral
... Vm to ⫺45 mV or after spikes evoked by these current pulses. In the former case, the AHP was measured at its peak after the offset of the current pulse. However, qualitatively identical results were obtained when we used a constant interval based on measurements of time-topeak of the AHP in vehicle- ...
... Vm to ⫺45 mV or after spikes evoked by these current pulses. In the former case, the AHP was measured at its peak after the offset of the current pulse. However, qualitatively identical results were obtained when we used a constant interval based on measurements of time-topeak of the AHP in vehicle- ...
The Torah of Life - The Torah Science Foundation
... For a Jew, only kosher food truly releases its energy in an optimal manner conducive to serving God. Only kosher food can raise our level of consciousness to recognize God’s Presence in our lives and devote our lives to His service. Maimonides teaches that eating kosher food is the truly healthy way ...
... For a Jew, only kosher food truly releases its energy in an optimal manner conducive to serving God. Only kosher food can raise our level of consciousness to recognize God’s Presence in our lives and devote our lives to His service. Maimonides teaches that eating kosher food is the truly healthy way ...
Neurons in the Most Superficial Lamina of the Mouse Superior
... with negative values for lower visual space, and the majority of RFs fell between 10° and ⫺45°). To determine direction/orientation selectivity, drifting sinusoidal gratings of 12 directions (0 –330°, with 30° increments) were presented in a pseudorandom order either within a circular window (30° in ...
... with negative values for lower visual space, and the majority of RFs fell between 10° and ⫺45°). To determine direction/orientation selectivity, drifting sinusoidal gratings of 12 directions (0 –330°, with 30° increments) were presented in a pseudorandom order either within a circular window (30° in ...
Retinal ganglion cell synchronization by fixational eye movements
... Recognition of visual stimulus features depends on the flow of action potentials from retinal ganglion cells to the brain. The basic features of time-varying stimuli can be estimated from the activity of the ganglion cell population by using artificial neural networks, discriminant analysis or linea ...
... Recognition of visual stimulus features depends on the flow of action potentials from retinal ganglion cells to the brain. The basic features of time-varying stimuli can be estimated from the activity of the ganglion cell population by using artificial neural networks, discriminant analysis or linea ...
compound action potential: nerve conduction
... When an action potential is produced in a neuron it is propagated away from the location where it was initially produced. This motion is produced by the change in open/closed properties of ion channels in the excitable membrane. To produce the action potential, a stimulus must open sodium channels ( ...
... When an action potential is produced in a neuron it is propagated away from the location where it was initially produced. This motion is produced by the change in open/closed properties of ion channels in the excitable membrane. To produce the action potential, a stimulus must open sodium channels ( ...
The NEURON Simulation Environment
... Information processing in the nervous system involves the spread and interaction of electrical and chemical signals within and between neurons and glia. These signals are continuous functions of time and space and are described by the diffusion equation and the closely−related cable equation (Crank ...
... Information processing in the nervous system involves the spread and interaction of electrical and chemical signals within and between neurons and glia. These signals are continuous functions of time and space and are described by the diffusion equation and the closely−related cable equation (Crank ...
input output - Brian Nils Lundstrom
... observations have shown that the firing rate responses of some neurons are very sensitive to input fluctuations, while responses of others are not [18, 21]. Interestingly, we found that commonly used neuron models (single-compartment, biophysical models) do not replicate this diversity with their st ...
... observations have shown that the firing rate responses of some neurons are very sensitive to input fluctuations, while responses of others are not [18, 21]. Interestingly, we found that commonly used neuron models (single-compartment, biophysical models) do not replicate this diversity with their st ...
Electrophysiology
Electrophysiology (from Greek ἥλεκτρον, ēlektron, ""amber"" [see the etymology of ""electron""]; φύσις, physis, ""nature, origin""; and -λογία, -logia) is the study of the electrical properties of biological cells and tissues. It involves measurements of voltage change or electric current on a wide variety of scales from single ion channel proteins to whole organs like the heart. In neuroscience, it includes measurements of the electrical activity of neurons, and particularly action potential activity. Recordings of large-scale electric signals from the nervous system such as electroencephalography, may also be referred to as electrophysiological recordings.