Somatosensory Cortical Activity in Relation to Arm Posture
... postures. Unit discharge was related to parameters defining the posture of the arm by multiple linear regression techniques. 2. Two monkeys were trained to grasp a manipulandum presented at locations distributed throughout their workspace. The discharge of single units in SI was recorded for 3 s whi ...
... postures. Unit discharge was related to parameters defining the posture of the arm by multiple linear regression techniques. 2. Two monkeys were trained to grasp a manipulandum presented at locations distributed throughout their workspace. The discharge of single units in SI was recorded for 3 s whi ...
Motor Cortical Networks for Skilled Movements Have Reaching
... was used to separate periods of neural activity occurring during task performance from periods of continuous raw data acquisition. Analogue trigger signals occurred when the animal’s reaching forelimb deformed a laser beam and were used to isolate a 3-second epoch of neural data: starting 1.5 second ...
... was used to separate periods of neural activity occurring during task performance from periods of continuous raw data acquisition. Analogue trigger signals occurred when the animal’s reaching forelimb deformed a laser beam and were used to isolate a 3-second epoch of neural data: starting 1.5 second ...
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... setting. Stimulation modalities vary greatly in their spatial and temporal scope, but what is learned in studies of extracellular electrical stimulation can inform other stimulation techniques including clinical applications. Our in vitro system delivers electrical stimuli to a culture via a microel ...
... setting. Stimulation modalities vary greatly in their spatial and temporal scope, but what is learned in studies of extracellular electrical stimulation can inform other stimulation techniques including clinical applications. Our in vitro system delivers electrical stimuli to a culture via a microel ...
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM NEURONAL MIGRATION
... program of CNS development (Harland 1997, Hemmati-Brivanlou 1994). The initial step in this process is the establishment of the anterior-posterior (AP) axis and the subdivision of the brain vesicles (Rubenstein et al 1998). A program of transcription factor expression marks domains that will become ...
... program of CNS development (Harland 1997, Hemmati-Brivanlou 1994). The initial step in this process is the establishment of the anterior-posterior (AP) axis and the subdivision of the brain vesicles (Rubenstein et al 1998). A program of transcription factor expression marks domains that will become ...
Analysis of Firing Correlations Between Sympathetic Premotor
... Recent intracellular recordings from rat RVLM sympathetic premotor neurons in vivo demonstrate that under normal experimental conditions, action potentials in sympathetic premotor neurons invariably arise from depolarizing events with the characteristics of excitatory synaptic inputs (Lipski et al. ...
... Recent intracellular recordings from rat RVLM sympathetic premotor neurons in vivo demonstrate that under normal experimental conditions, action potentials in sympathetic premotor neurons invariably arise from depolarizing events with the characteristics of excitatory synaptic inputs (Lipski et al. ...
Automatic discovery of cell types and microcircuitry from
... of types annotated by human neuroanatomists, we instead start with the weakest possible assumption in an attempt to algorithmically discover this structure. We contrast this with the supervised approaches taken in Guerra et al. (2011), where there is high confidence in the (morphologically defined) ...
... of types annotated by human neuroanatomists, we instead start with the weakest possible assumption in an attempt to algorithmically discover this structure. We contrast this with the supervised approaches taken in Guerra et al. (2011), where there is high confidence in the (morphologically defined) ...
Mitotic Spindle Regulation by Nde1 Controls Cerebral
... absent gyri and sulci, lissencephalic brains typically show an abnormally thickened cortex with striking disruption of the normal six-layered neocortical pattern at the histological level (Barkovich et al., 1991; Dobyns et al., 1993). Since many neurons in lissencephalic brains are observed in deepe ...
... absent gyri and sulci, lissencephalic brains typically show an abnormally thickened cortex with striking disruption of the normal six-layered neocortical pattern at the histological level (Barkovich et al., 1991; Dobyns et al., 1993). Since many neurons in lissencephalic brains are observed in deepe ...
Signal Integration in Thalamus: Labeled Lines Go
... subcortical areas like the thalamus, on the other hand, are thought to act largely as sensory relays by boosting or suppressing the strength sensory signals destined for the cortex but not fundamentally modifying the quality of information they convey. The problem with this idea, which has dominated ...
... subcortical areas like the thalamus, on the other hand, are thought to act largely as sensory relays by boosting or suppressing the strength sensory signals destined for the cortex but not fundamentally modifying the quality of information they convey. The problem with this idea, which has dominated ...
Impact of correlated inputs to neurons
... 2007). By contrast, in spike-triggered averaged membrane potentials of excitatory neuron pairs in a layer 2/3 barrel column, depolarization in a neuron was found to be exceedingly small when another, nearby neuron was depolarized strongly towards firing an action potential (cf. Fig 4e in Poulet and ...
... 2007). By contrast, in spike-triggered averaged membrane potentials of excitatory neuron pairs in a layer 2/3 barrel column, depolarization in a neuron was found to be exceedingly small when another, nearby neuron was depolarized strongly towards firing an action potential (cf. Fig 4e in Poulet and ...
Variance and invariance of neuronal long
... population strength [5] and on the level of long-term stable representations of stimulus features by neuronal populations [14,15]. Especially in the latter case, however, it is debated whether stable population coding results from invariant stimulus selectivities of individual neurons or from noisy ...
... population strength [5] and on the level of long-term stable representations of stimulus features by neuronal populations [14,15]. Especially in the latter case, however, it is debated whether stable population coding results from invariant stimulus selectivities of individual neurons or from noisy ...
Glial Cells: The Other Cells of the Nervous System
... have voltage gated as well as ligand gated calcium channels. Elevation of K + concentration extracellularlly can depolarize astrocyte enough to open voltage gated Ca++ channels. Similarly, glutamate or gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) mediated depolarization can result in opening of ligand gated chan ...
... have voltage gated as well as ligand gated calcium channels. Elevation of K + concentration extracellularlly can depolarize astrocyte enough to open voltage gated Ca++ channels. Similarly, glutamate or gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) mediated depolarization can result in opening of ligand gated chan ...
Proceedings - Neuroscience Meetings
... and KCC2 moving chloride out of the cell. The KCC2 function may be both upand down-regulated through a number of mechanisms which allow for the finetune adaptation to a varying transporting load which mostly depends on chloride ...
... and KCC2 moving chloride out of the cell. The KCC2 function may be both upand down-regulated through a number of mechanisms which allow for the finetune adaptation to a varying transporting load which mostly depends on chloride ...
Guzowski et al - Psychology and Neuroscience
... This uncertainty stems from the methodologies used in most IEG studies, which have made it difficult to distinguish gene induction that is specifically linked to information processing from activity that may be due to stress, novelty, motor activity or other processes that accompany the behavioral r ...
... This uncertainty stems from the methodologies used in most IEG studies, which have made it difficult to distinguish gene induction that is specifically linked to information processing from activity that may be due to stress, novelty, motor activity or other processes that accompany the behavioral r ...
Assisted morphogenesis: glial control of dendrite
... documented [1]. This diversity is in no small part a result of each dendrite’s unique task: to gather information from specific synaptic partners or from the environment, and to transmit this information to the axon. In mammals, dendritic arbors can be highly branched, and individual dendrite branch ...
... documented [1]. This diversity is in no small part a result of each dendrite’s unique task: to gather information from specific synaptic partners or from the environment, and to transmit this information to the axon. In mammals, dendritic arbors can be highly branched, and individual dendrite branch ...
Specific synapses develop preferentially among sister excitatory
... observed individual radial clones that comprised a radial glial mother cell (Fig. 1b, red arrowhead) and a cluster of further cells (,4–6 cells per clone at E18; Fig. 1b, white arrowheads), all of which were in contact with the radial glial fibre of the mother radial glial cell. As development progr ...
... observed individual radial clones that comprised a radial glial mother cell (Fig. 1b, red arrowhead) and a cluster of further cells (,4–6 cells per clone at E18; Fig. 1b, white arrowheads), all of which were in contact with the radial glial fibre of the mother radial glial cell. As development progr ...
Trial and Error – Optogenetic techniques offer insight into the
... input-output function of identified dopamine neurons and to determine how expectation transforms this function. We found that dopamine neurons use simple subtraction (9) [see the figure (B)]. Although this arithmetic is assumed in computational models, it is remarkably rare in the brain; division is ...
... input-output function of identified dopamine neurons and to determine how expectation transforms this function. We found that dopamine neurons use simple subtraction (9) [see the figure (B)]. Although this arithmetic is assumed in computational models, it is remarkably rare in the brain; division is ...
Basics of electromagnetic field mapping
... left graph), bottom (middle right graph), front (lower left graph) and back (lower right graph). Positive values are shown in read, negative values are shown in blue and with dots. B: A single dipole at the same position as in A, but the orientation of the dipole has been changes by 90 degrees. The ...
... left graph), bottom (middle right graph), front (lower left graph) and back (lower right graph). Positive values are shown in read, negative values are shown in blue and with dots. B: A single dipole at the same position as in A, but the orientation of the dipole has been changes by 90 degrees. The ...
Engineering new synaptic connections in the C. elegans connectome
... cal or electrical synapses to exist between tome and add into it an otherwise non- the transmission of inverted information into it was sufficient to completely disrupt these neurons4,5, and although more existent electrical synaptic connection. We also wished to apply this technique chemotaxis22. I ...
... cal or electrical synapses to exist between tome and add into it an otherwise non- the transmission of inverted information into it was sufficient to completely disrupt these neurons4,5, and although more existent electrical synaptic connection. We also wished to apply this technique chemotaxis22. I ...
Spike-Wave Complexes and Fast Components of Cortically
... from neocortical areas and RE and/or dorsal thalamic nuclei under ketamine-xylazine and barbiturate anesthesia. Both components of seizures were analyzed, but emphasis was placed on the fast runs because of their recent investigation at the cellular level. 1) The fast runs occurred at slightly diffe ...
... from neocortical areas and RE and/or dorsal thalamic nuclei under ketamine-xylazine and barbiturate anesthesia. Both components of seizures were analyzed, but emphasis was placed on the fast runs because of their recent investigation at the cellular level. 1) The fast runs occurred at slightly diffe ...
Slide 1
... Source: Modeling Future Heroes, A Practical Application of Heroic Values, By Roger F. Cram Source: NAMI–Family to Family Course, Class 6, Handout 2–Basic Neuro-transmission at the Synapse–page 6.23 Paragraph 3 ...
... Source: Modeling Future Heroes, A Practical Application of Heroic Values, By Roger F. Cram Source: NAMI–Family to Family Course, Class 6, Handout 2–Basic Neuro-transmission at the Synapse–page 6.23 Paragraph 3 ...
Two-photon imaging and analysis of neural network dynamics
... groups of inseparable units near the electrode tip (‘multiunit’ recordings). Even though simultaneous extracellular recordings from tens to hundreds of neurons are possible (Buzsaki 2004), these measurements typically are obtained from spatially dispersed sets of neurons. Other limitations of extrac ...
... groups of inseparable units near the electrode tip (‘multiunit’ recordings). Even though simultaneous extracellular recordings from tens to hundreds of neurons are possible (Buzsaki 2004), these measurements typically are obtained from spatially dispersed sets of neurons. Other limitations of extrac ...
Sensory Pathways
... chemicals, or light levels, while others detect internal stimuli, like blood pressure and oxygen levels. Ion channels in the plasma membrane respond to the stimulus by opening or closing, which changes the relative internal and external ion concentrations. As a result, the membrane potential changes ...
... chemicals, or light levels, while others detect internal stimuli, like blood pressure and oxygen levels. Ion channels in the plasma membrane respond to the stimulus by opening or closing, which changes the relative internal and external ion concentrations. As a result, the membrane potential changes ...
Temporal delays among place cells determine the frequency of
... as the simultaneously recorded theta LFP (Fig. 3 A–E and H). At the same time, individual pyramidal cells of the same population oscillated at a higher frequency than the LFP and the POP (Fig. 3 F and G), indicating that the frequency of the global output of place cells is slower than that of the co ...
... as the simultaneously recorded theta LFP (Fig. 3 A–E and H). At the same time, individual pyramidal cells of the same population oscillated at a higher frequency than the LFP and the POP (Fig. 3 F and G), indicating that the frequency of the global output of place cells is slower than that of the co ...
Lecture 6: Single neuron models
... They describe the rate of change of some variable, say u, as a function u and other variables ...
... They describe the rate of change of some variable, say u, as a function u and other variables ...
File
... prioritize information and to focus on many different things at once. • People with low levels of GABA neurotransmitters can suffer from certain anxiety disorders, panic disorders, and Parkinson’s disease. • Certain drugs, like caffeine, inhibits the release of GABA causing your brain to become ‘mor ...
... prioritize information and to focus on many different things at once. • People with low levels of GABA neurotransmitters can suffer from certain anxiety disorders, panic disorders, and Parkinson’s disease. • Certain drugs, like caffeine, inhibits the release of GABA causing your brain to become ‘mor ...
Electrophysiology
Electrophysiology (from Greek ἥλεκτρον, ēlektron, ""amber"" [see the etymology of ""electron""]; φύσις, physis, ""nature, origin""; and -λογία, -logia) is the study of the electrical properties of biological cells and tissues. It involves measurements of voltage change or electric current on a wide variety of scales from single ion channel proteins to whole organs like the heart. In neuroscience, it includes measurements of the electrical activity of neurons, and particularly action potential activity. Recordings of large-scale electric signals from the nervous system such as electroencephalography, may also be referred to as electrophysiological recordings.