Gross Appearance of Cerebellum
... Magnetic resonance images of the cerebellum of a 16-year-old female. ...
... Magnetic resonance images of the cerebellum of a 16-year-old female. ...
pdf 2.5M
... with single-unit or otherwise very small networks [9]. Unstable Periodic Orbits (UPOs) can be stabilized from within chaos, very fast and with minimum perturbation of the original system. The original chaotic attractor contains an infinite number of such dynamical modes, some of which can be stabiliz ...
... with single-unit or otherwise very small networks [9]. Unstable Periodic Orbits (UPOs) can be stabilized from within chaos, very fast and with minimum perturbation of the original system. The original chaotic attractor contains an infinite number of such dynamical modes, some of which can be stabiliz ...
Dual inhibition of the dactyl opener muscle in lobster
... Values are means ± s.d. The membrane potential at which the IJP reversed polarity was measured intracellularly as temperature was increased from 2 to 22°C. In five of the experiments, CI and OI were monitored in the same muscle fiber. ...
... Values are means ± s.d. The membrane potential at which the IJP reversed polarity was measured intracellularly as temperature was increased from 2 to 22°C. In five of the experiments, CI and OI were monitored in the same muscle fiber. ...
Eye-specific Segregation Requires Neural Activity in Three
... of tectum following the TTX treatment. These results indicate that Na+-dependent action potentials in the optic nerves of three-eyed tadpoles are necessary for the formation and maintenance of eye-specific segregation in dually innervated tecta. They are also consistent with the hypothesis that the ...
... of tectum following the TTX treatment. These results indicate that Na+-dependent action potentials in the optic nerves of three-eyed tadpoles are necessary for the formation and maintenance of eye-specific segregation in dually innervated tecta. They are also consistent with the hypothesis that the ...
brain anatomy - Sinoe Medical Association
... • The hemispheres are linked by the corpus callosum, a very large bundle of nerve fibers, and also by other smaller commissures, including the anterior commissure, posterior commissure, and hippocampal commissure. •These commissures transfer information between the two hemispheres to coordinate loca ...
... • The hemispheres are linked by the corpus callosum, a very large bundle of nerve fibers, and also by other smaller commissures, including the anterior commissure, posterior commissure, and hippocampal commissure. •These commissures transfer information between the two hemispheres to coordinate loca ...
The Motor Cortex and Descending Control of Movement
... ture is divided into magnocellular (mRN; giant cells) and parvocellular regions (medium and small cells). The mRN gives rise to the rubrospinal tract and has been shown to be far more developed in the foetal brain than in adult humans,23 losing prominence alongside the maturation of the CST. However ...
... ture is divided into magnocellular (mRN; giant cells) and parvocellular regions (medium and small cells). The mRN gives rise to the rubrospinal tract and has been shown to be far more developed in the foetal brain than in adult humans,23 losing prominence alongside the maturation of the CST. However ...
Applied Pediatrics Jose A. Robles, MD Pediatric Neurology HISTORY
... • Definition of Terms: – Obtundation : mild to moderate blunting of alertness, accompanied by a lessened interest in or response to the environment. Patient have an increase in the number of hours of sleep, often with drowsiness in Delirium : characterized by disorientation, irritability, delusions ...
... • Definition of Terms: – Obtundation : mild to moderate blunting of alertness, accompanied by a lessened interest in or response to the environment. Patient have an increase in the number of hours of sleep, often with drowsiness in Delirium : characterized by disorientation, irritability, delusions ...
PDF
... The right wing bud was rotated in 280 cases. Of these, 124 died prior to E17. The wing was absent in 11 embryos and highly abnormal in 45. When present, the rotated wings were often bent over the back with the ventral surface of the wing apposed to the dorsal surface of the back as described by Summ ...
... The right wing bud was rotated in 280 cases. Of these, 124 died prior to E17. The wing was absent in 11 embryos and highly abnormal in 45. When present, the rotated wings were often bent over the back with the ventral surface of the wing apposed to the dorsal surface of the back as described by Summ ...
Sensory Pathways
... All animals gain information about the external and internal environment through sensory pathways that involve four basic steps: reception, transduction, transmission, and perception. Sensory reception is a process in which specialized structures called sensory receptors detect a stimulus. Some sens ...
... All animals gain information about the external and internal environment through sensory pathways that involve four basic steps: reception, transduction, transmission, and perception. Sensory reception is a process in which specialized structures called sensory receptors detect a stimulus. Some sens ...
Morris_2007_Macrosto..
... to represent the most primitive animals with a true central nervous system (Bullock and Horridge 1965; Hanstroem 1968). Morphological studies at the light and electron microscopic level have concluded that all flatworms exhibit a number of plesiomorphic characters, which could be directly inherited ...
... to represent the most primitive animals with a true central nervous system (Bullock and Horridge 1965; Hanstroem 1968). Morphological studies at the light and electron microscopic level have concluded that all flatworms exhibit a number of plesiomorphic characters, which could be directly inherited ...
Chordate evolution and the origin of craniates
... Taxon of animals with segmented bodies and jointed limbs that includes insects and crustaceans. The ventral half of the developing neural tube. Type of neuron characterized by a cell body with two processes, rather than only one process or more than two processes. In craniates, this type of neuron i ...
... Taxon of animals with segmented bodies and jointed limbs that includes insects and crustaceans. The ventral half of the developing neural tube. Type of neuron characterized by a cell body with two processes, rather than only one process or more than two processes. In craniates, this type of neuron i ...
BRAINSTEM
... Transmits taste from the anterior 2/3 of tongue via the chorda tympani nerve. Receives information from taste buds located in the fungiform and foliate papillae. Sensory and autonomic root of the facial nerve. Chorda tympani actually arises from this segment of VII. Cell bodies lie in the geniculate ...
... Transmits taste from the anterior 2/3 of tongue via the chorda tympani nerve. Receives information from taste buds located in the fungiform and foliate papillae. Sensory and autonomic root of the facial nerve. Chorda tympani actually arises from this segment of VII. Cell bodies lie in the geniculate ...
Chapter 7 Integrated Traditional Chinese Veterinary Neurology
... system is affected by acupuncture. In fact, acupuncture probably needs an intact nervous system to work. In this course, we will review the signs of neurologic disease and discuss both the TCM and Western diagnoses which may respond to acupuncture. Sample therapies will be provided as a guide in han ...
... system is affected by acupuncture. In fact, acupuncture probably needs an intact nervous system to work. In this course, we will review the signs of neurologic disease and discuss both the TCM and Western diagnoses which may respond to acupuncture. Sample therapies will be provided as a guide in han ...
Common Input to Motor Neurons Innervating the Same and Different
... receive similar inputs and that control a single muscle derives in part from these experimental observations on synaptic input organization. It is unclear, however, how the inputs to a pool of motor neurons might be organized for a muscle that is subdivided into different compartments (Loeb 1990). O ...
... receive similar inputs and that control a single muscle derives in part from these experimental observations on synaptic input organization. It is unclear, however, how the inputs to a pool of motor neurons might be organized for a muscle that is subdivided into different compartments (Loeb 1990). O ...
Carotid Sinus
... Transient bradycardia and hypotension • 13-38% of cases • Transient sinus bradycardia or asystole are relatively common particularly during post-dilatation after stenting • This phenomenon is less commonly observed with treatment of restenotic lesions following carotid endarterectomy (CEA) because ...
... Transient bradycardia and hypotension • 13-38% of cases • Transient sinus bradycardia or asystole are relatively common particularly during post-dilatation after stenting • This phenomenon is less commonly observed with treatment of restenotic lesions following carotid endarterectomy (CEA) because ...
Muscular System
... Around each cell is plasma membrane called the sarcolemma which contains sarcoplasm (cytoplasm). Each ...
... Around each cell is plasma membrane called the sarcolemma which contains sarcoplasm (cytoplasm). Each ...
Hoopfer et al., Supplemental Data Supplemental Figure S1
... points the protective effect of UBP2 is less than that of Wlds, which strongly prevent ORN degeneration (compare Figures 4D3 and 4F3). Number of brains quantified: 5 days after cut, wt (14), UBP2 (23); 10 days after cut, wt (13), UBP2 (23). Error bars represent SEM. Methods: Quantification was perfo ...
... points the protective effect of UBP2 is less than that of Wlds, which strongly prevent ORN degeneration (compare Figures 4D3 and 4F3). Number of brains quantified: 5 days after cut, wt (14), UBP2 (23); 10 days after cut, wt (13), UBP2 (23). Error bars represent SEM. Methods: Quantification was perfo ...
To Be or Not to Be … an Inhibitory Neurotransmitter
... “You must need a small Microphone to record them chatting away.” “Not sound,” Jessica replied. “You record electrical activity with a small electrode stuck into the cell. Every time I stimulate them with neurotransmitter I get some spikes.” She flipped through a couple of open windows on her laptop ...
... “You must need a small Microphone to record them chatting away.” “Not sound,” Jessica replied. “You record electrical activity with a small electrode stuck into the cell. Every time I stimulate them with neurotransmitter I get some spikes.” She flipped through a couple of open windows on her laptop ...
Study Guide
... 1. Know the differences and similarities between SNS, ANS, and ENS. 2. What part of the nervous system are the SNS, ANS, and ENS a subdivision of? 3. Know the functions of SNS, ANS, and ENS are they voluntarily controlled or involuntarily. III. Histology of Nervous Tissue 1. Know the structures of n ...
... 1. Know the differences and similarities between SNS, ANS, and ENS. 2. What part of the nervous system are the SNS, ANS, and ENS a subdivision of? 3. Know the functions of SNS, ANS, and ENS are they voluntarily controlled or involuntarily. III. Histology of Nervous Tissue 1. Know the structures of n ...
Neural Encoding I: Firing Rates and Spike Statistics
... From Stimulus to Response Characterizing the relationship between stimulus and response is difficult because neuronal responses are complex and variable. Neurons typically respond by producing complex spike sequences that reflect both the intrinsic dynamics of the neuron and the temporal characteris ...
... From Stimulus to Response Characterizing the relationship between stimulus and response is difficult because neuronal responses are complex and variable. Neurons typically respond by producing complex spike sequences that reflect both the intrinsic dynamics of the neuron and the temporal characteris ...
Headache and Facial Pain
... Diagnosis, perform full ENT exam, neurological exam should include Romberg test which evaluates the body’s ability to sense positioning (proprioception), the vestibule-ocular reflex test assess the visual compensations the brain makes for head rotation. Dix-hall pike is a positioning maneuver which ...
... Diagnosis, perform full ENT exam, neurological exam should include Romberg test which evaluates the body’s ability to sense positioning (proprioception), the vestibule-ocular reflex test assess the visual compensations the brain makes for head rotation. Dix-hall pike is a positioning maneuver which ...
Lect-3-Sensory cortex-Dr.Zahoor2010-10
... • These layers superficial & deep send axon to other parts of the nervous system. • Layer II & III send axons to cerebral cortex on the opposite side of the brain through corpus callosum. ...
... • These layers superficial & deep send axon to other parts of the nervous system. • Layer II & III send axons to cerebral cortex on the opposite side of the brain through corpus callosum. ...
Research Presentation Slides - Emory University School of Medicine
... of cogniBon, mood and behavior in clinical disorders involving the basal ganglia, such as Parkinson’s disease. • Parkinson’s is now recognized as one of a number of “Circuit Disorders” ...
... of cogniBon, mood and behavior in clinical disorders involving the basal ganglia, such as Parkinson’s disease. • Parkinson’s is now recognized as one of a number of “Circuit Disorders” ...
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: Decomposing the
... One additional advantage of TMS is that one can employ protocols that allow for probing the state of several of the outlined circuits directly and selectively. For example, conditioning-test, or so-called paired-pulse protocols (Kujirai and others 1993) apply a low-intensity subthreshold conditionin ...
... One additional advantage of TMS is that one can employ protocols that allow for probing the state of several of the outlined circuits directly and selectively. For example, conditioning-test, or so-called paired-pulse protocols (Kujirai and others 1993) apply a low-intensity subthreshold conditionin ...
Chapter_28_HB_Nervous_System
... K+ Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
... K+ Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
Rheobase
Rheobase is a measure of membrane excitability. In neuroscience, rheobase is the minimal current amplitude of infinite duration (in a practical sense, about 300 milliseconds) that results in the depolarization threshold of the cell membranes being reached, such as an action potential or the contraction of a muscle. In Greek, the root ""rhe"" translates to current or flow, and ""basi"" means bottom or foundation: thus the rheobase is the minimum current that will produce an action potential or muscle contraction.Rheobase can be best understood in the context of the strength-duration relationship (Fig. 1). The ease with which a membrane can be stimulated depends on two variables: the strength of the stimulus, and the duration for which the stimulus is applied. These variables are inversely related: as the strength of the applied current increases, the time required to stimulate the membrane decreases (and vice versa) to maintain a constant effect. Mathematically, rheobase is equivalent to half the current that needs to be applied for the duration of chronaxie, which is a strength-duration time constant that corresponds to the duration of time that elicits a response when the nerve is stimulated at twice rheobasic strength.The strength-duration curve was first discovered by G. Weiss in 1901, but it was not until 1909 that Louis Lapicque coined the term ""rheobase"". Many studies are being conducted in relation to rheobase values and the dynamic changes throughout maturation and between different nerve fibers. In the past strength-duration curves and rheobase determinations were used to assess nerve injury; today, they play a role in clinical identification of many neurological pathologies, including as Diabetic neuropathy, CIDP, Machado-Joseph Disease, and ALS.