mspn3a
... Caudal medulla, let side. This lesion involves damage to the nucleus and fasciculus cuneatus, the spinothalamic tract, and spinal nucleus of V and its fibers. 4. a) Describe and explain the physical manifestations which would present with a lesion to the fibers in the right internal capsule which c ...
... Caudal medulla, let side. This lesion involves damage to the nucleus and fasciculus cuneatus, the spinothalamic tract, and spinal nucleus of V and its fibers. 4. a) Describe and explain the physical manifestations which would present with a lesion to the fibers in the right internal capsule which c ...
4-stretch reflex
... -Dynamic gamma efferent (plate endings) - because if nuclear bag fibres relax during muscle contraction ,its sensitivity to stretch decreases, plate endings which end mainly on the nuclear bag fibres , prepare it to sense a new sudden stretch of the muscle by contracting the peripheral contractile p ...
... -Dynamic gamma efferent (plate endings) - because if nuclear bag fibres relax during muscle contraction ,its sensitivity to stretch decreases, plate endings which end mainly on the nuclear bag fibres , prepare it to sense a new sudden stretch of the muscle by contracting the peripheral contractile p ...
Ch 50 - MsBabbey
... 1. Sensory reception: detection of a stimulus by sensory cells (neurons, skin, ears, eyes, etc) 2. Transmission: an action potential is sent to the CNS 3. Perception: the brain processes the input into understandable images 4. Amplification and Adaptation: signals are increased or decreased based on ...
... 1. Sensory reception: detection of a stimulus by sensory cells (neurons, skin, ears, eyes, etc) 2. Transmission: an action potential is sent to the CNS 3. Perception: the brain processes the input into understandable images 4. Amplification and Adaptation: signals are increased or decreased based on ...
Autonomic Nervous System
... • Neurons have one behavior property in common with muscles: Irritability – the ability to respond to a stimulus. • However, neurons have an aspect of irritability that muscles DO NOT have: converting stimuli into nerve impulses. • Nerve impulse = a tiny electrical charge that transmits information ...
... • Neurons have one behavior property in common with muscles: Irritability – the ability to respond to a stimulus. • However, neurons have an aspect of irritability that muscles DO NOT have: converting stimuli into nerve impulses. • Nerve impulse = a tiny electrical charge that transmits information ...
ANS notes filled
... Catechol-O-methyl transferase This enzyme, found in the synaptic gap, breaks down NE. It has a similar function as acetylcholinesterase, but works at a slower rate. As a result some NE tends to diffuse out of the synapse into the surrounding tissues, where it may exert an effect. So the effects of ...
... Catechol-O-methyl transferase This enzyme, found in the synaptic gap, breaks down NE. It has a similar function as acetylcholinesterase, but works at a slower rate. As a result some NE tends to diffuse out of the synapse into the surrounding tissues, where it may exert an effect. So the effects of ...
Prefrontal and parietal cortex mediate the interference
... example, the temporal probability of the occurrence of upcoming events, known as the “hazard rate,” modulates the neural firing rate in the lateral intraparietal region in monkeys [3]. Human neuroimaging studies demonstrated that such temporal modulation of firing rate during an anticipation period ...
... example, the temporal probability of the occurrence of upcoming events, known as the “hazard rate,” modulates the neural firing rate in the lateral intraparietal region in monkeys [3]. Human neuroimaging studies demonstrated that such temporal modulation of firing rate during an anticipation period ...
autorhythmic cell
... • E.C.G.interpretation is easy if you remember the directions from which the various leads look at the heart. • Standard ECG uses 9 electrodes which are used to form 12 ‘lead's recording axis. • Six of these recording axis are in the frontal plane,6 in the horizontal plane. ...
... • E.C.G.interpretation is easy if you remember the directions from which the various leads look at the heart. • Standard ECG uses 9 electrodes which are used to form 12 ‘lead's recording axis. • Six of these recording axis are in the frontal plane,6 in the horizontal plane. ...
Nasal Cavity
... Innervation: anterior and posterior ethmoidal nerves and branches of pterygopalatine ganglion ...
... Innervation: anterior and posterior ethmoidal nerves and branches of pterygopalatine ganglion ...
Stable propagation of synchronous spiking in cortical neural networks
... two ®xpoints approach each other until, at some critical value (here w 89), they merge into a single saddle node. Below this critical value, no ®xpoint exists and, hence, all trajectories lead to extinction (Fig. 4a). Thus, a minimum of some 90 neurons per group is needed to maintain precise spike ...
... two ®xpoints approach each other until, at some critical value (here w 89), they merge into a single saddle node. Below this critical value, no ®xpoint exists and, hence, all trajectories lead to extinction (Fig. 4a). Thus, a minimum of some 90 neurons per group is needed to maintain precise spike ...
FINE STRUCTURE OF NERVE FIBERS AND GROWTH CONES OF
... Parts of area c (Fig. 4) were seen in four sections. This spread-out region resembled t h a t in a in t h a t in the most distal portion (c') a n d in the filopodia, only vacuoles a n d the dense m a t r i x were seen; m i d w a y (d) these were found along with long, m e a n d e r i n g cisternae o ...
... Parts of area c (Fig. 4) were seen in four sections. This spread-out region resembled t h a t in a in t h a t in the most distal portion (c') a n d in the filopodia, only vacuoles a n d the dense m a t r i x were seen; m i d w a y (d) these were found along with long, m e a n d e r i n g cisternae o ...
Mitochondrial diseases affecting nervous system and muscle
... Final goal: production of ATP Respiratory chain proteins are synthesized from two different genomes: mtDNA and nDNA •mtDNA encodes 13 respiratory chain polypeptides, 2 rRNAs and 22 tRNAs •nDNA encodes the majority of respiratory chain polipeptides Transport of cytosolic proteins and their assembly w ...
... Final goal: production of ATP Respiratory chain proteins are synthesized from two different genomes: mtDNA and nDNA •mtDNA encodes 13 respiratory chain polypeptides, 2 rRNAs and 22 tRNAs •nDNA encodes the majority of respiratory chain polipeptides Transport of cytosolic proteins and their assembly w ...
Full Text
... complete or near complete homonymous hemianopia. Thinning of the retinal nerve fibre layer of all cases with homonymous hemianopia can be seen to have developed in the first few months following injury to the post-geniculate visual pathway. The degeneration was progressive in the first few years, be ...
... complete or near complete homonymous hemianopia. Thinning of the retinal nerve fibre layer of all cases with homonymous hemianopia can be seen to have developed in the first few months following injury to the post-geniculate visual pathway. The degeneration was progressive in the first few years, be ...
Neuro - My Illinois State
... • Assess discriminative sensation to test the ability of the sensory cortex to analyze and interpret sensations – Stereognosis: place a key or familiar object in the patient’s hand and ask the patient to identify it – Number identification (graphesthesia): outline a large number in the patient’s pal ...
... • Assess discriminative sensation to test the ability of the sensory cortex to analyze and interpret sensations – Stereognosis: place a key or familiar object in the patient’s hand and ask the patient to identify it – Number identification (graphesthesia): outline a large number in the patient’s pal ...
Chapter 8 The Nervous System
... Autonomic nervous system—motor neurons that conduct impulses from the central nervous system to cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glandular epithelial tissue; regulates the body’s automatic or involuntary functions (Figure 8-18) Autonomic neurons—preganglionic autonomic neurons conduct from spinal ...
... Autonomic nervous system—motor neurons that conduct impulses from the central nervous system to cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glandular epithelial tissue; regulates the body’s automatic or involuntary functions (Figure 8-18) Autonomic neurons—preganglionic autonomic neurons conduct from spinal ...
Redgrave - people.vcu.edu
... neutral stimulus that is presented contiguously with primary reward acquires the ability to elicit a phasic DA response42. The contingency requirement specifies that DA neurons should discriminate between conditioned stimuli that predict reward, predict an absence of reward and neutral stimuli with ...
... neutral stimulus that is presented contiguously with primary reward acquires the ability to elicit a phasic DA response42. The contingency requirement specifies that DA neurons should discriminate between conditioned stimuli that predict reward, predict an absence of reward and neutral stimuli with ...
Lab 5: Nervous System I
... This is primarily a lecture topic; we will quickly go over this. • An impulse arrives at the dendrite • When the impulse is strong enough, it depolarizes the membrane and the impulse is transmitted along the axon • When the impulse reaches the axon terminals, the information needs to be converted to ...
... This is primarily a lecture topic; we will quickly go over this. • An impulse arrives at the dendrite • When the impulse is strong enough, it depolarizes the membrane and the impulse is transmitted along the axon • When the impulse reaches the axon terminals, the information needs to be converted to ...
The Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Somatic Reflexes
... injuries. Ascending tracts carry sensory information up the cord and descending tracts conduct motor impulses down. All nerve fibers in a given tract have a similar origin, destination, and function. Several of these tracts undergo decussation10 (DEEcuh-SAY-shun) as they pass up or down the brainste ...
... injuries. Ascending tracts carry sensory information up the cord and descending tracts conduct motor impulses down. All nerve fibers in a given tract have a similar origin, destination, and function. Several of these tracts undergo decussation10 (DEEcuh-SAY-shun) as they pass up or down the brainste ...
ALS Pathway
... o Burning sensation when cold hands placed in warm water: polymodal nocireceptors that produce a burning feeling are normally suppressed by thermoreceptors active at ambient temperatures; when the temperature gets cold enough, these thermoreceptors are shut off and the nocireceptors can fire pain si ...
... o Burning sensation when cold hands placed in warm water: polymodal nocireceptors that produce a burning feeling are normally suppressed by thermoreceptors active at ambient temperatures; when the temperature gets cold enough, these thermoreceptors are shut off and the nocireceptors can fire pain si ...
The Design and Function of Cochlear Implants
... conditions, more channels were needed to match this performance, and the more channels used, the better the comprehension. These observations show that in a quiet environment, speech can be well understood with a relatively small number of channels—a fact that is central to the success of cochlear i ...
... conditions, more channels were needed to match this performance, and the more channels used, the better the comprehension. These observations show that in a quiet environment, speech can be well understood with a relatively small number of channels—a fact that is central to the success of cochlear i ...
The Muscular System - Catherine Huff`s Site
... the myosin filaments) ratchet back and forth and pull the actin filaments on both sides toward center of the myosin filaments. • Sliding of filaments shortens sarcomere, thereby causing contraction. ...
... the myosin filaments) ratchet back and forth and pull the actin filaments on both sides toward center of the myosin filaments. • Sliding of filaments shortens sarcomere, thereby causing contraction. ...
The Muscular System
... the myosin filaments) ratchet back and forth and pull the actin filaments on both sides toward center of the myosin filaments. • Sliding of filaments shortens sarcomere, thereby causing contraction. ...
... the myosin filaments) ratchet back and forth and pull the actin filaments on both sides toward center of the myosin filaments. • Sliding of filaments shortens sarcomere, thereby causing contraction. ...
The ABCs of VEPs and ERGs Visual Testing Systems Clinical
... pERG testing evaluates the integrity of the retinal ganglion cells by measuring their response to stimulation pERG testing is used to evaluate optic neuropathies and maculopathies ...
... pERG testing evaluates the integrity of the retinal ganglion cells by measuring their response to stimulation pERG testing is used to evaluate optic neuropathies and maculopathies ...
No Slide Title
... explain how they relate to autonomic effects. – Explain how the ANS controls many target organs through dual innervation. – Explain how control is exerted in the absence of dual innervation. ...
... explain how they relate to autonomic effects. – Explain how the ANS controls many target organs through dual innervation. – Explain how control is exerted in the absence of dual innervation. ...
Rheobase
Rheobase is a measure of membrane excitability. In neuroscience, rheobase is the minimal current amplitude of infinite duration (in a practical sense, about 300 milliseconds) that results in the depolarization threshold of the cell membranes being reached, such as an action potential or the contraction of a muscle. In Greek, the root ""rhe"" translates to current or flow, and ""basi"" means bottom or foundation: thus the rheobase is the minimum current that will produce an action potential or muscle contraction.Rheobase can be best understood in the context of the strength-duration relationship (Fig. 1). The ease with which a membrane can be stimulated depends on two variables: the strength of the stimulus, and the duration for which the stimulus is applied. These variables are inversely related: as the strength of the applied current increases, the time required to stimulate the membrane decreases (and vice versa) to maintain a constant effect. Mathematically, rheobase is equivalent to half the current that needs to be applied for the duration of chronaxie, which is a strength-duration time constant that corresponds to the duration of time that elicits a response when the nerve is stimulated at twice rheobasic strength.The strength-duration curve was first discovered by G. Weiss in 1901, but it was not until 1909 that Louis Lapicque coined the term ""rheobase"". Many studies are being conducted in relation to rheobase values and the dynamic changes throughout maturation and between different nerve fibers. In the past strength-duration curves and rheobase determinations were used to assess nerve injury; today, they play a role in clinical identification of many neurological pathologies, including as Diabetic neuropathy, CIDP, Machado-Joseph Disease, and ALS.