Update on CRPS (formerly Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy)
... History of CRPS (20th century), cont. In 1946, Evans used the term RSD, believing that sympathetic hyperactivity is involved somehow in the abnormal activity in the periphery. In 1993, the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) held a Special Consensus Conference addressing dia ...
... History of CRPS (20th century), cont. In 1946, Evans used the term RSD, believing that sympathetic hyperactivity is involved somehow in the abnormal activity in the periphery. In 1993, the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) held a Special Consensus Conference addressing dia ...
studies on the myoneural physiology of echinodermata
... 300 preparations used in this investigation, is a slow, complete shortening of the whole retractor muscle. These contractions may be considered 'spontaneous' because they can occur in the apparent absence of any immediate external stimulation. However, the expression ' spontaneous' has become associ ...
... 300 preparations used in this investigation, is a slow, complete shortening of the whole retractor muscle. These contractions may be considered 'spontaneous' because they can occur in the apparent absence of any immediate external stimulation. However, the expression ' spontaneous' has become associ ...
cerebral cortex - Global Anatomy Home Page
... 1) BLOOD SUPPLY. You will see a very large number of patients with deficits resulting from problems with the blood supply of the cerebral hemispheres (cortex, internal capsule, and basal ganglia) even if you don’t become a neurologist or neurosurgeon. You should overlearn this material to the point ...
... 1) BLOOD SUPPLY. You will see a very large number of patients with deficits resulting from problems with the blood supply of the cerebral hemispheres (cortex, internal capsule, and basal ganglia) even if you don’t become a neurologist or neurosurgeon. You should overlearn this material to the point ...
selected neurologic diseases
... system is affected by acupuncture. In fact, acupuncture probably needs an intact nervous system to work. In this course, we will review the signs of neurologic disease and discuss both the TCM and Western diagnoses which may respond to acupuncture. Sample therapies will be provided as a guide in han ...
... system is affected by acupuncture. In fact, acupuncture probably needs an intact nervous system to work. In this course, we will review the signs of neurologic disease and discuss both the TCM and Western diagnoses which may respond to acupuncture. Sample therapies will be provided as a guide in han ...
The Glia Response after Peripheral Nerve Injury: A Comparison
... SCs can populate peripheral nerves, they must proceed through three stages of development; (1) SC precursors (SCPs); (2) immature SCs (iSCs); and (3) myelinating (mSCs) or non-myelinating (nmSCs) SCs [19]. Firstly, neural crest cells will develop into SCPs (14–15 of gestation in rats; days 12–13 in ...
... SCs can populate peripheral nerves, they must proceed through three stages of development; (1) SC precursors (SCPs); (2) immature SCs (iSCs); and (3) myelinating (mSCs) or non-myelinating (nmSCs) SCs [19]. Firstly, neural crest cells will develop into SCPs (14–15 of gestation in rats; days 12–13 in ...
Chapter 14 - apsubiology.org
... During youth, ANS impairments are usually due to injury In old age, ANS efficiency decreases, resulting in constipation, dry eyes, and orthostatic hypotension Orthostatic hypotension is a form of low blood pressure that occurs when sympathetic vasoconstriction centers respond slowly to positional ...
... During youth, ANS impairments are usually due to injury In old age, ANS efficiency decreases, resulting in constipation, dry eyes, and orthostatic hypotension Orthostatic hypotension is a form of low blood pressure that occurs when sympathetic vasoconstriction centers respond slowly to positional ...
Frontiers in Zoology - Deep Metazoan Phylogeny
... tried to minimise this error by a four-taxon analysis. Telford and Holland [43] reported the unusual finding of two distinct classes of 28S rDNA in chaetognaths both of which diverge strongly from other Metazoa. Based on 18S rRNA sequence analysis, Littlewood et al. [44] suggested a sister-group rel ...
... tried to minimise this error by a four-taxon analysis. Telford and Holland [43] reported the unusual finding of two distinct classes of 28S rDNA in chaetognaths both of which diverge strongly from other Metazoa. Based on 18S rRNA sequence analysis, Littlewood et al. [44] suggested a sister-group rel ...
Neuronal fiber tracts connecting the brain and ventral nerve cord of
... Many aspects of insect behavior entail stereotyped sequences of movement that are controlled by neuronal circuits, called central pattern generators (CPGs; Marder et al., 2005). CPGs are located in the ventral nerve cord (CPGs controlling behaviors involving movement of the wings, legs, and abdomen) ...
... Many aspects of insect behavior entail stereotyped sequences of movement that are controlled by neuronal circuits, called central pattern generators (CPGs; Marder et al., 2005). CPGs are located in the ventral nerve cord (CPGs controlling behaviors involving movement of the wings, legs, and abdomen) ...
NIH Public Access
... (2002) demonstrated that SPRR1A is highly induced in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons one week after sciatic nerve transection (protein increased more than 60-fold from whole DRGs). Immunohistochemistry demonstrated expression of SPRR1A in DRG neuronal cell bodies and regenerating peripheral axons ...
... (2002) demonstrated that SPRR1A is highly induced in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons one week after sciatic nerve transection (protein increased more than 60-fold from whole DRGs). Immunohistochemistry demonstrated expression of SPRR1A in DRG neuronal cell bodies and regenerating peripheral axons ...
Document
... clustered at the tip of the spiny anteater’s snout. The researchers made this discovery by exposing small areas of (5) the snout to extremely weak electrical fields and recording the transmission of resulting nervous activity to the brain. While it is true that tactile receptors, another kind of sen ...
... clustered at the tip of the spiny anteater’s snout. The researchers made this discovery by exposing small areas of (5) the snout to extremely weak electrical fields and recording the transmission of resulting nervous activity to the brain. While it is true that tactile receptors, another kind of sen ...
maintenance of motor pattern phase relationships in the ventilatory
... Fig. 2 shows a comparison of the ventilatory motor pattern running at an intrinsic rate of 0.66 Hz (40 cycles min−1) and at 2.36 Hz (142 cycles min−1), or approximately 3.5-fold faster, during stimulation of the circumesophageal connective (note the different time scales in the two records). It is a ...
... Fig. 2 shows a comparison of the ventilatory motor pattern running at an intrinsic rate of 0.66 Hz (40 cycles min−1) and at 2.36 Hz (142 cycles min−1), or approximately 3.5-fold faster, during stimulation of the circumesophageal connective (note the different time scales in the two records). It is a ...
ANALYSIS OF THE ACTIVITY OF THE CHAINS
... of the different axons. The number and complexity of central pathways ar‘e best described by saying that, with but few exceptions, at least one pathway can be found connecting any two central neurons in a .manner so that an impulse may be conducted from one to the other neuron in the direction of ax ...
... of the different axons. The number and complexity of central pathways ar‘e best described by saying that, with but few exceptions, at least one pathway can be found connecting any two central neurons in a .manner so that an impulse may be conducted from one to the other neuron in the direction of ax ...
The role of synaptic ion channels in synaptic
... whereas nAChR agonists including nicotine improve certain types of memory, such as short-term and working memory, in humans (Ji et al, 2001; Levin et al, 2002; Seeger et al, 2004). The molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of nAChR on learning and memory are not fully understood. nAChR current ...
... whereas nAChR agonists including nicotine improve certain types of memory, such as short-term and working memory, in humans (Ji et al, 2001; Levin et al, 2002; Seeger et al, 2004). The molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of nAChR on learning and memory are not fully understood. nAChR current ...
Information transmission and recovery in neural communications
... systems the precise timing of the spikes also plays a significant role in the communication process 关12,13兴. Moreover, it is not clear at all if the information processing is always performed by single neurons or if population coding is needed. It is possible that both types of coding are present in ...
... systems the precise timing of the spikes also plays a significant role in the communication process 关12,13兴. Moreover, it is not clear at all if the information processing is always performed by single neurons or if population coding is needed. It is possible that both types of coding are present in ...
The computational and neural basis of voluntary motor control and
... visual shifts to probe voluntary control processes. These studies reveal the surprising sophistication of corrective responses, which are goal-directed and exhibit knowledge of the physical properties of the limb and the environment. These complex feedback processes appear to be generated through tr ...
... visual shifts to probe voluntary control processes. These studies reveal the surprising sophistication of corrective responses, which are goal-directed and exhibit knowledge of the physical properties of the limb and the environment. These complex feedback processes appear to be generated through tr ...
a spiking stretch receptor with central cell bodies in the uropod
... response characteristics (Fig. 6). These afferent units can be recorded after all nerves other than those innervating the elastic strand have been cut, but a more intact preparation was usually used, since no difference could be detected. There is no 'off' response on relaxation of the receptor. (2) ...
... response characteristics (Fig. 6). These afferent units can be recorded after all nerves other than those innervating the elastic strand have been cut, but a more intact preparation was usually used, since no difference could be detected. There is no 'off' response on relaxation of the receptor. (2) ...
Transcripts/01_08 10
... 2. A ganglion is also a big collection of cell bodies but is in the PNS (the nerves going out from the spinal cord to the various parts of the body and coming back in). a. There is one major exception to that: basal ganglia (basal ganglia are in the brain). 3. Other than our exception, when you here ...
... 2. A ganglion is also a big collection of cell bodies but is in the PNS (the nerves going out from the spinal cord to the various parts of the body and coming back in). a. There is one major exception to that: basal ganglia (basal ganglia are in the brain). 3. Other than our exception, when you here ...
Neural Coding and Auditory Perception
... AN fibers without changing the overall firing rates [1]. We used the principle of cochlear scaling invariance to infer the spatio-temporal pattern of AN activity in response to a Huffman stimulus from the response of a single fiber. We first verified that responses of a single AN fiber to a set of H ...
... AN fibers without changing the overall firing rates [1]. We used the principle of cochlear scaling invariance to infer the spatio-temporal pattern of AN activity in response to a Huffman stimulus from the response of a single fiber. We first verified that responses of a single AN fiber to a set of H ...
video slide - Course
... Figure 48.11a, b (a) Membrane selectively permeable to K+ Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
... Figure 48.11a, b (a) Membrane selectively permeable to K+ Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
Investigating Anatomical and Molecular Aspects of
... Upon stretch stimulation, the proprioceptive sensory ...
... Upon stretch stimulation, the proprioceptive sensory ...
Cerebrospinal fluid nerve growth factor levels in patients with
... support basal forebrain cholinergic neurons.19 Proper function and morphology of BFCNs depends on the supply of NGF from the cortex and the hippocampus. A variety of brain injuries, including electrical stimulation and treatment with neurotoxins, can upregulate NGF production, which plays an importa ...
... support basal forebrain cholinergic neurons.19 Proper function and morphology of BFCNs depends on the supply of NGF from the cortex and the hippocampus. A variety of brain injuries, including electrical stimulation and treatment with neurotoxins, can upregulate NGF production, which plays an importa ...
Identified Serotonergic Neurons LCBI and RCBI in the Cerebral
... preparations showed positive 5-HT histofluorescence. The results of these experiments were consistent with the idea that one of the cells in the B cluster of each cerebral ganglion is a serotonergic facilitator. However, to be more confident of that conclusion, it was necessary to identify that cell ...
... preparations showed positive 5-HT histofluorescence. The results of these experiments were consistent with the idea that one of the cells in the B cluster of each cerebral ganglion is a serotonergic facilitator. However, to be more confident of that conclusion, it was necessary to identify that cell ...
Autonomic Nervous System
... Autonomic Dysfunction Primary Diseases • Multi-system atrophy (Shy Drager) • Pure Autonomic Failure ( Idiopathic orthostatic ...
... Autonomic Dysfunction Primary Diseases • Multi-system atrophy (Shy Drager) • Pure Autonomic Failure ( Idiopathic orthostatic ...
spinal cord - Zanichelli
... potential In resting potential the axon is not conducting the impulse. Inside, the cell is negative at rest. The potential depends on the concentration of ions (Na+ and K+) in and out the membrane. [ Na+]out > [ Na+]in [ K+]in > [ K+]out Sylvia S. Mader Concepts of Biology © Zanichelli editore, 2012 ...
... potential In resting potential the axon is not conducting the impulse. Inside, the cell is negative at rest. The potential depends on the concentration of ions (Na+ and K+) in and out the membrane. [ Na+]out > [ Na+]in [ K+]in > [ K+]out Sylvia S. Mader Concepts of Biology © Zanichelli editore, 2012 ...
Rheobase
Rheobase is a measure of membrane excitability. In neuroscience, rheobase is the minimal current amplitude of infinite duration (in a practical sense, about 300 milliseconds) that results in the depolarization threshold of the cell membranes being reached, such as an action potential or the contraction of a muscle. In Greek, the root ""rhe"" translates to current or flow, and ""basi"" means bottom or foundation: thus the rheobase is the minimum current that will produce an action potential or muscle contraction.Rheobase can be best understood in the context of the strength-duration relationship (Fig. 1). The ease with which a membrane can be stimulated depends on two variables: the strength of the stimulus, and the duration for which the stimulus is applied. These variables are inversely related: as the strength of the applied current increases, the time required to stimulate the membrane decreases (and vice versa) to maintain a constant effect. Mathematically, rheobase is equivalent to half the current that needs to be applied for the duration of chronaxie, which is a strength-duration time constant that corresponds to the duration of time that elicits a response when the nerve is stimulated at twice rheobasic strength.The strength-duration curve was first discovered by G. Weiss in 1901, but it was not until 1909 that Louis Lapicque coined the term ""rheobase"". Many studies are being conducted in relation to rheobase values and the dynamic changes throughout maturation and between different nerve fibers. In the past strength-duration curves and rheobase determinations were used to assess nerve injury; today, they play a role in clinical identification of many neurological pathologies, including as Diabetic neuropathy, CIDP, Machado-Joseph Disease, and ALS.