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Neurophysiological and Computational Principles of Cortical
... task, rat shuttles back and forth along a linear track between food rewards contained in cups attached to movable walls. Middle: color-coded firing field of a place cell created from multiple runs in the eastward direction. Bottom: EEG theta rhythm and place cell firing (in red) for the same cell on ...
... task, rat shuttles back and forth along a linear track between food rewards contained in cups attached to movable walls. Middle: color-coded firing field of a place cell created from multiple runs in the eastward direction. Bottom: EEG theta rhythm and place cell firing (in red) for the same cell on ...
View/Open - Minerva Access
... My research was made possible by the financial support I received from my Australian Postgraduate Award, an Australian Research Council Discovery Project, and the Australian Federal and Victorian State Governments and the Australian Research Council through the ICT Centre of Excellence program, Nati ...
... My research was made possible by the financial support I received from my Australian Postgraduate Award, an Australian Research Council Discovery Project, and the Australian Federal and Victorian State Governments and the Australian Research Council through the ICT Centre of Excellence program, Nati ...
the medial division of the medial geniculate body of the cat
... Bodian, Weil, and rapid Golgi preparations. Some of these fibers contribute to the terminal plexus of the medial division, but many pass on to the ventral and dorsal divisions, while some emit preterminal collaterals de passage. Neuronal architecture Since the validity and accuracy of these descript ...
... Bodian, Weil, and rapid Golgi preparations. Some of these fibers contribute to the terminal plexus of the medial division, but many pass on to the ventral and dorsal divisions, while some emit preterminal collaterals de passage. Neuronal architecture Since the validity and accuracy of these descript ...
Antinociceptive Action of Nitrous Oxide Is Mediated
... (Zhang et al., 1999). Furthermore, exposure to N2O provoked release of norepinephrine at the level of the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, and when this neurotransmitter was depleted, N2O was no longer able to produce antinociception (Zhang et al., 1999). Therefore, we proposed that N2O could be acti ...
... (Zhang et al., 1999). Furthermore, exposure to N2O provoked release of norepinephrine at the level of the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, and when this neurotransmitter was depleted, N2O was no longer able to produce antinociception (Zhang et al., 1999). Therefore, we proposed that N2O could be acti ...
UNC-119 suppresses axon branching
... BamHI (5′ N-U119: 5′-CGGGGATCCATGAAGGCAGAGCAACAA3′) and KpnI (3′, C-U119: 5′-GACTACTCGTATGATGCAGAGGTACCCC-3′) sites. The plasmid pJL35, containing Punc47::synaptobrevin:GFP, was digested with BamHI and KpnI and gel purified to remove the synaptobrevin fragment, which was replaced by the digested PCR ...
... BamHI (5′ N-U119: 5′-CGGGGATCCATGAAGGCAGAGCAACAA3′) and KpnI (3′, C-U119: 5′-GACTACTCGTATGATGCAGAGGTACCCC-3′) sites. The plasmid pJL35, containing Punc47::synaptobrevin:GFP, was digested with BamHI and KpnI and gel purified to remove the synaptobrevin fragment, which was replaced by the digested PCR ...
Sensory Adaptation and Short Term Plasticity as Bayesian
... changes over time and information about the way sensory drive typically changes over time to estimate presynaptic excitability from presynaptic activity. Here we assume that excitability drifts on multiple timescales around a steady state point [11] and that sensory drive is sparse [12]. The multipl ...
... changes over time and information about the way sensory drive typically changes over time to estimate presynaptic excitability from presynaptic activity. Here we assume that excitability drifts on multiple timescales around a steady state point [11] and that sensory drive is sparse [12]. The multipl ...
ABSTRACT Title of dissertation: MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF NEURONAL
... expression of N-methyl D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) at growth cones of young hippocampal neurons. First, I showed that the SALMs, a newly discovered family of CAMs, regulate changes in neurite outgrowth with distinct morphological characteristics. Through transfections of primary hippocampal neuro ...
... expression of N-methyl D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) at growth cones of young hippocampal neurons. First, I showed that the SALMs, a newly discovered family of CAMs, regulate changes in neurite outgrowth with distinct morphological characteristics. Through transfections of primary hippocampal neuro ...
Document
... When sodium ions flow into a neuron and depolarize it, they create ________. a. an action potential Correct: The action potential is caused by a depolarization resulting from the influx of sodium ions through the neuron’s cellular membrane. b. breakdown of the cell nucleus c. a relative refractory p ...
... When sodium ions flow into a neuron and depolarize it, they create ________. a. an action potential Correct: The action potential is caused by a depolarization resulting from the influx of sodium ions through the neuron’s cellular membrane. b. breakdown of the cell nucleus c. a relative refractory p ...
The ventral striatum - Brain imaging of Parkinson`s disease
... these concepts and expanding the range of domains of reward and motivation processed by ventral striatum from variables such as food [5] and sex [6,7] to financial [8] and social [9] domains. However, while results such as these may provide additional insight into the types of variables treated by t ...
... these concepts and expanding the range of domains of reward and motivation processed by ventral striatum from variables such as food [5] and sex [6,7] to financial [8] and social [9] domains. However, while results such as these may provide additional insight into the types of variables treated by t ...
Electronic Realization of Human Brain`s Neo
... dendrites which are extended outward to communicate with thousand other neurons. Dendrites bring electrochemical stimuli to the cell body. The part of the neuron that carries away electrochemical output from the neuron towards other target cell is the axon. A neuron generally has only one axon which ...
... dendrites which are extended outward to communicate with thousand other neurons. Dendrites bring electrochemical stimuli to the cell body. The part of the neuron that carries away electrochemical output from the neuron towards other target cell is the axon. A neuron generally has only one axon which ...
Topographic Organization of Corticospinal Projections from the
... has a corticospinal projection that is largely focused on upper cervical segments (Martin0 and Strick, 1987; Dum and Strick, 1989, 199 1b). The results of tracer injections into other cord levels, however, provide some evidence for a small representation of the leg and/or lower trunk, in addition to ...
... has a corticospinal projection that is largely focused on upper cervical segments (Martin0 and Strick, 1987; Dum and Strick, 1989, 199 1b). The results of tracer injections into other cord levels, however, provide some evidence for a small representation of the leg and/or lower trunk, in addition to ...
Synaptic Pruning in Development: A Novel Account in Neural Terms
... One of the fundamental phenomena in brain development is the reduction in the amount of synapses that occurs between early childhood and puberty. In recent years, many studies have investigated the temporal course of changes in synaptic density in primates, revealing the following picture. Beginning ...
... One of the fundamental phenomena in brain development is the reduction in the amount of synapses that occurs between early childhood and puberty. In recent years, many studies have investigated the temporal course of changes in synaptic density in primates, revealing the following picture. Beginning ...
Neuronal-Derived Nitric Oxide and Somatodendritically Released
... The classical model of neurovascular coupling (NVC) implies that activity-dependent axonal glutamate release at synapses evokes the production and release of vasoactive signals from both neurons and astrocytes, which dilate arterioles, increasing in turn cerebral blood flow (CBF) to areas with incre ...
... The classical model of neurovascular coupling (NVC) implies that activity-dependent axonal glutamate release at synapses evokes the production and release of vasoactive signals from both neurons and astrocytes, which dilate arterioles, increasing in turn cerebral blood flow (CBF) to areas with incre ...
Circadian and histaminergic regulation of the sleep
... histamine into the basal forebrain region caused a significant increase in the high θ- and γrange power throughout infusion period, but the δ-wave activity during non-rapid eye movement slow-wave sleep remained similar to those of the control. We conclude from our data that the circadian process may ...
... histamine into the basal forebrain region caused a significant increase in the high θ- and γrange power throughout infusion period, but the δ-wave activity during non-rapid eye movement slow-wave sleep remained similar to those of the control. We conclude from our data that the circadian process may ...
Genetic Ablation of Orexin Neurons in Mice Results in Narcolepsy
... we did not observe any evidence of gliosis in the hypothalamus of orexin/ataxin-3 mice (Figure 2D). Taken together, these observations suggest that orexin-containing neurons are both postnatally and specifically removed in orexin/ataxin-3 transgenic mice. Behavioral Arrests in Orexin/Ataxin-3 Mice i ...
... we did not observe any evidence of gliosis in the hypothalamus of orexin/ataxin-3 mice (Figure 2D). Taken together, these observations suggest that orexin-containing neurons are both postnatally and specifically removed in orexin/ataxin-3 transgenic mice. Behavioral Arrests in Orexin/Ataxin-3 Mice i ...
The neuroprotective effects of milk fat globule
... inducing the release of MFG-E8. However, the mechanisms by which microglia produce MFG-E8 and the precise functions of MFG-E8 are unknown. Methods: The release of MFG-E8 from microglia treated with conditioned medium from neurons exposed to neurotoxic substances, glutamate or oligomeric amyloid β (o ...
... inducing the release of MFG-E8. However, the mechanisms by which microglia produce MFG-E8 and the precise functions of MFG-E8 are unknown. Methods: The release of MFG-E8 from microglia treated with conditioned medium from neurons exposed to neurotoxic substances, glutamate or oligomeric amyloid β (o ...
Article Full Text PDF
... survival. M-cells are highly integrative cells for motor behavior, and a part of the ‘‘brainstem escape network’’ (Eaton et al., 1991). M-cells are unique in the vertebrate central nervous system because they are readily identifiable both morphologically and physiologically (Faber and Korn, 1978). I ...
... survival. M-cells are highly integrative cells for motor behavior, and a part of the ‘‘brainstem escape network’’ (Eaton et al., 1991). M-cells are unique in the vertebrate central nervous system because they are readily identifiable both morphologically and physiologically (Faber and Korn, 1978). I ...
mecp2 and the epigenetic regulation of excitatory synaptic
... conditional knockout approach, we found that these effects were not due to the loss of MeCP2 during neurodevelopment and that they were primarily due to a deficiency in presynaptic vesicle release. We further extended these findings by looking at two mechanisms for controlling the repression of gene ...
... conditional knockout approach, we found that these effects were not due to the loss of MeCP2 during neurodevelopment and that they were primarily due to a deficiency in presynaptic vesicle release. We further extended these findings by looking at two mechanisms for controlling the repression of gene ...
The role of eyes in early face processing: A rapid adaptation study of
... preceded by a categorically similar adaptor stimulus (S1). This adaptation paradigm has been successfully implemented in fMRI (e.g., Grill-Spector, Henson, & Martin, 2006), ERP (e.g., Caharel, d’Arripe, Ramon, Jacques, & Rossion, 2009; Kovács et al., 2006) and magneto-encephalography (MEG) studies ...
... preceded by a categorically similar adaptor stimulus (S1). This adaptation paradigm has been successfully implemented in fMRI (e.g., Grill-Spector, Henson, & Martin, 2006), ERP (e.g., Caharel, d’Arripe, Ramon, Jacques, & Rossion, 2009; Kovács et al., 2006) and magneto-encephalography (MEG) studies ...
Thalamic POm projections to the dorsolateral striatum of rats
... 2012; doi:10.1152/jn.00142.2012.—The dorsolateral part of the striatum (DLS) represents the initial stage for processing sensorimotor information in the basal ganglia. Although the DLS receives much of its input from the primary somatosensory (SI) cortex, peripheral somesthetic stimulation activates ...
... 2012; doi:10.1152/jn.00142.2012.—The dorsolateral part of the striatum (DLS) represents the initial stage for processing sensorimotor information in the basal ganglia. Although the DLS receives much of its input from the primary somatosensory (SI) cortex, peripheral somesthetic stimulation activates ...
Receptive fields and suppressive fields in the
... antagonistic surround of the receptive field or if it constituted an unexplained suppressive phenomenon. Nonetheless, these results led to fruitful studies of intrageniculate inhibition (e.g. Singer et al., 1972), and to the description of previously unknown suppressive effects (Levick et al., 1972) ...
... antagonistic surround of the receptive field or if it constituted an unexplained suppressive phenomenon. Nonetheless, these results led to fruitful studies of intrageniculate inhibition (e.g. Singer et al., 1972), and to the description of previously unknown suppressive effects (Levick et al., 1972) ...
ACTIN CYTOSKELETON REGULATION IN NEURONAL
... Neurons unarguably possess the most complex and diverse shapes of all cell types. For example, axons of motor neurons that innervate a giraffe’s toe must travel through long distances of complex environment to reach their targets. The elaborate patterns of dendrites overshadow the most complex tree ...
... Neurons unarguably possess the most complex and diverse shapes of all cell types. For example, axons of motor neurons that innervate a giraffe’s toe must travel through long distances of complex environment to reach their targets. The elaborate patterns of dendrites overshadow the most complex tree ...
Rearrangement of microtubule polarity orientation during conversion
... axons is thought to be achieved in part through actinand dynein-dependent microtubule transport [Ahmad et al., 1998] and as a result of the enhanced polymerization of microtubules at growth cones [Fukata et al., 2002]. These two mechanisms thus result in the addition of plus end-distal microtubules ...
... axons is thought to be achieved in part through actinand dynein-dependent microtubule transport [Ahmad et al., 1998] and as a result of the enhanced polymerization of microtubules at growth cones [Fukata et al., 2002]. These two mechanisms thus result in the addition of plus end-distal microtubules ...
Pre-Bötzinger complex
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/A2A_receptor_bilayer.png?width=300)
The pre-Bötzinger complex (preBötC) is a cluster of interneurons in the ventrolateral medulla of the brainstem. This complex has been proven to be essential for the generation of respiratory rhythm in mammals. The exact mechanism of the rhythm generation and transmission to motor nuclei remains controversial and the topic of much present research.Several synthetic compounds have been shown to act on neurons specific to the preBötC, most being selective agonists or antagonists to receptor subtypes on neurons in the vicinity. Since many of these neurons express GABA, glutamate, serotonin and adenosine receptors, chemicals custom tailored to bind at these sites are most effective at altering respiratory rhythm.Adenosine modulates the preBötC output via activation of the A1 and A2A receptor subtypes. An adenosine A1 receptor agonist has been shown to depress preBötC rhythmogenesis independent of the neurotransmitters GABA and glycine in ""in vitro"" preparations from 0-7 day old mice. Another synthetic drug specific to the adenosine A2A receptor subtype is CGS-21680 that has been shown to cause apneas in 14-21 day old rat pups in vivo. For this reason, it has been used as a model to study pathological conditions such as apnea of prematurity and SIDS in neonatal infants.