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... (Palovick et al., 1982; Gillette et al., 1997). Thus, in Pleurobranchaea as in other molluscs, 5-HT may play an important role as a general arousal factor. Previously, we described the serotonergic innervation of the periphery in both Pleurobranchaea and Tritonia (Moroz et al., 1997). We found it to ...
... (Palovick et al., 1982; Gillette et al., 1997). Thus, in Pleurobranchaea as in other molluscs, 5-HT may play an important role as a general arousal factor. Previously, we described the serotonergic innervation of the periphery in both Pleurobranchaea and Tritonia (Moroz et al., 1997). We found it to ...
The functional role of the parieto-frontal mirror circuit: interpretations
... action observation and action execution21. It has been suggested21 that these activations outside of the ‘classical’ mirror areas are caused by additional mechanisms (for example, internal models) that are triggered by the mirror mechanism. These activations would enrich the information about the ac ...
... action observation and action execution21. It has been suggested21 that these activations outside of the ‘classical’ mirror areas are caused by additional mechanisms (for example, internal models) that are triggered by the mirror mechanism. These activations would enrich the information about the ac ...
The functional role of the parieto-frontal mirror circuit
... The cortical motor system in primates consists of a series of parieto-frontal circuits encoding different types of motor behaviour, among which are hand grasping, mouth and head movements, arm reaching and various types of eye movements. These circuits are activated by specific sets of sensory input ...
... The cortical motor system in primates consists of a series of parieto-frontal circuits encoding different types of motor behaviour, among which are hand grasping, mouth and head movements, arm reaching and various types of eye movements. These circuits are activated by specific sets of sensory input ...
Glucose-sensing neurons: Are they physiologically relevant?
... increased the action potential frequency of ‘glucoseresponsive’ or GR neurons, while decreasing the action potential frequency of ‘glucose-sensitive’ or GS neurons. GR neurons are most abundant in the VMH. In contrast, GS neurons are most common in the LH [18]. The VMN and LH are believed to be reci ...
... increased the action potential frequency of ‘glucoseresponsive’ or GR neurons, while decreasing the action potential frequency of ‘glucose-sensitive’ or GS neurons. GR neurons are most abundant in the VMH. In contrast, GS neurons are most common in the LH [18]. The VMN and LH are believed to be reci ...
Dopamine Receptor–Mediated Mechanisms Involved in the
... Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560; and 2 Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma 371, Japan ...
... Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560; and 2 Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma 371, Japan ...
Identified nerve cells and insect behavior
... sensorimotor coordination can be mediated, by small ensembles of cells. Insect motor systems have proven to be relatively complex, and so studies of their organization typically have not yielded completely defined circuits as are known from some other invertebrates. However, several important findin ...
... sensorimotor coordination can be mediated, by small ensembles of cells. Insect motor systems have proven to be relatively complex, and so studies of their organization typically have not yielded completely defined circuits as are known from some other invertebrates. However, several important findin ...
Information processing in the cortex: The relevance of coherent oscillations for neuronal communication
... hyperpolarizing during the time course of an active potential and its repolarization. Second, the ratio between the synaptic decay time constant (τsyn ) and the oscillation period had to be sufficiently large, because with small τsyn the network synchronization decreased due to synaptic effects. Thi ...
... hyperpolarizing during the time course of an active potential and its repolarization. Second, the ratio between the synaptic decay time constant (τsyn ) and the oscillation period had to be sufficiently large, because with small τsyn the network synchronization decreased due to synaptic effects. Thi ...
Inactivation of Parietal and Prefrontal Cortex Reveals
... determine the physiological interactions between the two during working memory performance. The activity of 105 cortical neurons during the performance of an oculomotor delayed response (ODR) task (43 parietal neurons during prefrontal cooling, 62 prefrontal neurons during parietal cooling) was comp ...
... determine the physiological interactions between the two during working memory performance. The activity of 105 cortical neurons during the performance of an oculomotor delayed response (ODR) task (43 parietal neurons during prefrontal cooling, 62 prefrontal neurons during parietal cooling) was comp ...
Effects of galanin on wide-dynamic range neuron activity
... Galanin is a 29-amino acid peptide with a suggested role in nociception. The effect of galanin on wide-dynamic range neuron discharge frequency in rats with nerve ligation, used as a model of neurogenic pain, was investigated by extracellular recording methods. Seven to 14 days after sciatic nerve l ...
... Galanin is a 29-amino acid peptide with a suggested role in nociception. The effect of galanin on wide-dynamic range neuron discharge frequency in rats with nerve ligation, used as a model of neurogenic pain, was investigated by extracellular recording methods. Seven to 14 days after sciatic nerve l ...
Glutamate Receptors
... loops? First, when descending corticobrainstem glutamate pathways have hypofunctioning NMDA receptors in the ventral tegmental area, this creates mesolimbic dopamine hyperactivity and positive symptoms of psychosis, as already eXplained above and illustrated in Figure 9-39B. The effects of this on C ...
... loops? First, when descending corticobrainstem glutamate pathways have hypofunctioning NMDA receptors in the ventral tegmental area, this creates mesolimbic dopamine hyperactivity and positive symptoms of psychosis, as already eXplained above and illustrated in Figure 9-39B. The effects of this on C ...
The Role of Kisspeptin Signaling in Reproduction
... Mammalian ovulation requires an LH surge brought about by the positive feedback action of estradiol on GnRH release. Kisspeptin expression increases in the AVPV region just before ovulation and during a steroid-induced LH surge in ovariectomized rats (114). At the time of ovulation, kisspeptin neuro ...
... Mammalian ovulation requires an LH surge brought about by the positive feedback action of estradiol on GnRH release. Kisspeptin expression increases in the AVPV region just before ovulation and during a steroid-induced LH surge in ovariectomized rats (114). At the time of ovulation, kisspeptin neuro ...
Neurodegenerative Changes in the Motor Cortex and Cerebellum in Wistar... Following Acute Pneumococcal Meningitis
... blood and CSF that engage Toll-like receptors of the endothelium that trigger a downstream cascade. The endothelial cells activate the release of Tumor necrosis factoralpha (TNF-α), nitric oxide and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2). This activation leads to increased permeability[1-3]. The endothe ...
... blood and CSF that engage Toll-like receptors of the endothelium that trigger a downstream cascade. The endothelial cells activate the release of Tumor necrosis factoralpha (TNF-α), nitric oxide and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2). This activation leads to increased permeability[1-3]. The endothe ...
Self-Organizing Feature Maps with Lateral Connections: Modeling
... In addition to the a erent connections, the neocortex contains a dense network of long-range lateral connections parallel to the cortical surface [3, 15]. These connections are reciprocal and are believed to mediate the cooperation and competition. They grow exuberantly after birth and reach their f ...
... In addition to the a erent connections, the neocortex contains a dense network of long-range lateral connections parallel to the cortical surface [3, 15]. These connections are reciprocal and are believed to mediate the cooperation and competition. They grow exuberantly after birth and reach their f ...
Control of Appetite and Food Preference by NMDA Receptor and Its
... melanocortin system is capable of regulating mesocorticolimbic activity and food seeking behavior [29]. In summary, internal metabolic and physiological signals can affect both aspects of appetite, and the homeostatic system do communicate with the reward system to control the feeding behavior. Obes ...
... melanocortin system is capable of regulating mesocorticolimbic activity and food seeking behavior [29]. In summary, internal metabolic and physiological signals can affect both aspects of appetite, and the homeostatic system do communicate with the reward system to control the feeding behavior. Obes ...
Rhythms for Cognition: Communication through
... This is a post-print version of the following article: Rhythms for Cognition: Communication through Coherence. Fries P. Neuron. 2015 Oct 7;88(1):220-35. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2015.09.034. ...
... This is a post-print version of the following article: Rhythms for Cognition: Communication through Coherence. Fries P. Neuron. 2015 Oct 7;88(1):220-35. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2015.09.034. ...
Ionic Mechanisms in the Generation of Subthreshold Oscillations and
... 1986), where it is termed If, as well as a rich diversity of brain neurons (Pape, 1996) and thalamic neurons (McCormick and Pape, 1990). While these different currents share a common profile of activation, causing a depolarizing “sag” of the membrane potential during the later stages of a hyperpolari ...
... 1986), where it is termed If, as well as a rich diversity of brain neurons (Pape, 1996) and thalamic neurons (McCormick and Pape, 1990). While these different currents share a common profile of activation, causing a depolarizing “sag” of the membrane potential during the later stages of a hyperpolari ...
Development of the Nervous System of Carinina ochracea
... thus obscuring the signals of the latter (Fig 1A). A similar problem with antibodies against βtubulin and tyronisated α-tubulin negate their use as an alternative. Although not doublestained with acetylated α-tubulin antibodies, antibodies against synapsin (SYNORF1) show signals largely congruent to ...
... thus obscuring the signals of the latter (Fig 1A). A similar problem with antibodies against βtubulin and tyronisated α-tubulin negate their use as an alternative. Although not doublestained with acetylated α-tubulin antibodies, antibodies against synapsin (SYNORF1) show signals largely congruent to ...
Axonal Dopamine Receptors Activate Peripheral Spike
... Dopamine elicited tonic “extraburst” spiking in PD neurons and increased the cycle frequency of the pyloric rhythm In H. americanus, when the modulatory input from the CoGs and the OG to the STG is removed by blocking impulse activity in the stn, the AB and the two PD neurons continue to cycle at a ...
... Dopamine elicited tonic “extraburst” spiking in PD neurons and increased the cycle frequency of the pyloric rhythm In H. americanus, when the modulatory input from the CoGs and the OG to the STG is removed by blocking impulse activity in the stn, the AB and the two PD neurons continue to cycle at a ...
Cerebellar Unit Activity and the Movement Disruption Induced by
... elaboration of the motor command. According to this hypothesis cerebellum is responsible for the pre-programmed ballistic movements, while caudate nucleus is mainly concerned with the slow ramp movements. Both structures converge through the ventrolateral nucleus of thalamus upon the motor cortex, t ...
... elaboration of the motor command. According to this hypothesis cerebellum is responsible for the pre-programmed ballistic movements, while caudate nucleus is mainly concerned with the slow ramp movements. Both structures converge through the ventrolateral nucleus of thalamus upon the motor cortex, t ...
Identification of key signaling molecules involved - diss.fu
... Petzinger, Charlotte Rostock, Dr. Katrin Schrenk-Siemens, Christina SteinmeyerStannek, Dr. Hong Wang, and Dr. Hagen Wende. Besides, many thinks to my former colleagues in the lab at Max-Delbruck-Center in Berlin: Dr. Christina Hanack, Henning Kuich, Dr. Mirko Moroni, Jana Rossius, and Sonja Winkler. ...
... Petzinger, Charlotte Rostock, Dr. Katrin Schrenk-Siemens, Christina SteinmeyerStannek, Dr. Hong Wang, and Dr. Hagen Wende. Besides, many thinks to my former colleagues in the lab at Max-Delbruck-Center in Berlin: Dr. Christina Hanack, Henning Kuich, Dr. Mirko Moroni, Jana Rossius, and Sonja Winkler. ...
On-line Optical Operant Conditioning of Cortical Activity
... positive reinforcement form of operant conditioning. It has been shown that animals can also learn to modify neuronal activity that is directly rewarded by using electrophysiological recordings. Electrophysiological approaches exhibit excellent temporal resolution, but do not permit recordings from ...
... positive reinforcement form of operant conditioning. It has been shown that animals can also learn to modify neuronal activity that is directly rewarded by using electrophysiological recordings. Electrophysiological approaches exhibit excellent temporal resolution, but do not permit recordings from ...
The largest growth cones in the animal kingdom
... appropriate cell cultures. Specifically, a single presynaptic sensory neuron was paired with an identified postsynaptic motoneuron (L7) where it formed an excitatory chemical synapse (Rayport and Schacher 1986). With this model synapse in cell culture, it was possible to demonstrate that changes in ...
... appropriate cell cultures. Specifically, a single presynaptic sensory neuron was paired with an identified postsynaptic motoneuron (L7) where it formed an excitatory chemical synapse (Rayport and Schacher 1986). With this model synapse in cell culture, it was possible to demonstrate that changes in ...
Pre-Bötzinger complex
The pre-Bötzinger complex (preBötC) is a cluster of interneurons in the ventrolateral medulla of the brainstem. This complex has been proven to be essential for the generation of respiratory rhythm in mammals. The exact mechanism of the rhythm generation and transmission to motor nuclei remains controversial and the topic of much present research.Several synthetic compounds have been shown to act on neurons specific to the preBötC, most being selective agonists or antagonists to receptor subtypes on neurons in the vicinity. Since many of these neurons express GABA, glutamate, serotonin and adenosine receptors, chemicals custom tailored to bind at these sites are most effective at altering respiratory rhythm.Adenosine modulates the preBötC output via activation of the A1 and A2A receptor subtypes. An adenosine A1 receptor agonist has been shown to depress preBötC rhythmogenesis independent of the neurotransmitters GABA and glycine in ""in vitro"" preparations from 0-7 day old mice. Another synthetic drug specific to the adenosine A2A receptor subtype is CGS-21680 that has been shown to cause apneas in 14-21 day old rat pups in vivo. For this reason, it has been used as a model to study pathological conditions such as apnea of prematurity and SIDS in neonatal infants.