Propofol Inhibits Neuronal Firing Activities in the Caudal
... in the CVLM. These neurons may also display different neuronal firing patterns. Our study also showed that the inhibitory effect of propofol on different neurons in the CVLM was not homogeneous, with some potent inhibitions and some mild inhibitions detected. We also found that some neurons were ins ...
... in the CVLM. These neurons may also display different neuronal firing patterns. Our study also showed that the inhibitory effect of propofol on different neurons in the CVLM was not homogeneous, with some potent inhibitions and some mild inhibitions detected. We also found that some neurons were ins ...
Structure of Receptive Fields in Area 3b of Primary Somatosensory
... hemispheres using standard techniques (Phillips et al., 1988; Mountcastle et al., 1991). On each recording day, a multielectrode microdrive (Mountcastle et al., 1991) was loaded with seven quartz-coated platinum /tungsten (90/10) electrodes (diameter, 80 mm; tip diameter, 4 mm; and impedance, 1–5 MV ...
... hemispheres using standard techniques (Phillips et al., 1988; Mountcastle et al., 1991). On each recording day, a multielectrode microdrive (Mountcastle et al., 1991) was loaded with seven quartz-coated platinum /tungsten (90/10) electrodes (diameter, 80 mm; tip diameter, 4 mm; and impedance, 1–5 MV ...
Retrograde Signaling in the Development and Modification of
... adhesion molecules or extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins (31, 77) are likely candidates for mediating contactdependent presynaptic changes during the early phase of synaptogenesis. Contact with latex beads coated with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), a heparin-binding growth factor associated ...
... adhesion molecules or extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins (31, 77) are likely candidates for mediating contactdependent presynaptic changes during the early phase of synaptogenesis. Contact with latex beads coated with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), a heparin-binding growth factor associated ...
Biomimetic approaches to the control of underwater walking machines
... Studies over the past 50 years have demonstrated that the innate behaviour of animals is generated by the distributed networks of neurons in the central nervous system (Delcomyn 1980). Lobsters and crayfish served as important model systems in the development of the command neuron, coordinating neuro ...
... Studies over the past 50 years have demonstrated that the innate behaviour of animals is generated by the distributed networks of neurons in the central nervous system (Delcomyn 1980). Lobsters and crayfish served as important model systems in the development of the command neuron, coordinating neuro ...
Table of Contents
... abundance in the vertebrate brain — 1000-fold higher than known monoamine neurotransmitters, its simple structure and and its role in the Krebs cycle (the "GABA shunt") suggested that it was likely to be involved in metabolism rather than signaling. Moreover, it was demonstrated that GABA was not re ...
... abundance in the vertebrate brain — 1000-fold higher than known monoamine neurotransmitters, its simple structure and and its role in the Krebs cycle (the "GABA shunt") suggested that it was likely to be involved in metabolism rather than signaling. Moreover, it was demonstrated that GABA was not re ...
Electrophysiological and Pharmacological Evidence for the Role of
... application of dopamine receptor agonists inhibits extracellularly recorded spike activity in the NAS of anesthetized animals, an effect that appears to be mediated by both D, and D, dopamine receptors (White and Wang, 1986; White et al., 1987). Moreover, it has been suggested that the synergistic a ...
... application of dopamine receptor agonists inhibits extracellularly recorded spike activity in the NAS of anesthetized animals, an effect that appears to be mediated by both D, and D, dopamine receptors (White and Wang, 1986; White et al., 1987). Moreover, it has been suggested that the synergistic a ...
Contrasting Effects of Reward Expectation on Sensory and Motor
... The value of a reward expected from a successful behavior is important for the purposeful organization of goal-directed behavior (Dickinson and Balleine, 1994; Balleine and Dickinson, 1998). High reward values provide incentives for initiating behavior (Matsumoto and Tanaka, 2004), bias decision mak ...
... The value of a reward expected from a successful behavior is important for the purposeful organization of goal-directed behavior (Dickinson and Balleine, 1994; Balleine and Dickinson, 1998). High reward values provide incentives for initiating behavior (Matsumoto and Tanaka, 2004), bias decision mak ...
HYPOXIA (Dombrovský P., Rácz O.
... The classification of various forms of hypoxia corresponds with the above mentioned external and internal factors leading to hypoxia: * Hypoxic hypoxia (disturbed condition [1] or [2]). The basic reason is decreased concentration or pressure of oxygen in the inhaled air or a disturbance of respirat ...
... The classification of various forms of hypoxia corresponds with the above mentioned external and internal factors leading to hypoxia: * Hypoxic hypoxia (disturbed condition [1] or [2]). The basic reason is decreased concentration or pressure of oxygen in the inhaled air or a disturbance of respirat ...
Loss of TDP-43 causes age-dependent progressive motor neuron
... Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a devastating, progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects upper and lower motor neurons. Although several genes are identified as the cause of familial cases, the pathogeneses of sporadic forms, which account for 90% of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, have not ...
... Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a devastating, progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects upper and lower motor neurons. Although several genes are identified as the cause of familial cases, the pathogeneses of sporadic forms, which account for 90% of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, have not ...
Binding and Cytotoxic Effects of Clostdium botulinum Type A, C1
... Many of the neuronal somas in the aggregates fluoresced when treated with anti-yy-enolase IgG. However, some of the cells in the aggregates reacted with anti-glial fibrillary protein IgG and anti-S-100 (PP) IgG, indicating that the aggregates contained glial cells as well as neurons. Anti-68K-neurof ...
... Many of the neuronal somas in the aggregates fluoresced when treated with anti-yy-enolase IgG. However, some of the cells in the aggregates reacted with anti-glial fibrillary protein IgG and anti-S-100 (PP) IgG, indicating that the aggregates contained glial cells as well as neurons. Anti-68K-neurof ...
Amyloid-Beta Induced Changes in Vesicular Transport of BDNF in
... which moves in anterograde direction from the soma to distal part of the neurite, while yellow circle marks a vesicle which moves in retrograde direction from distal part of the neurite to the soma of the neuron. Green circle marks a vesicle which was immobile during observation. (c) Bar diagram sho ...
... which moves in anterograde direction from the soma to distal part of the neurite, while yellow circle marks a vesicle which moves in retrograde direction from distal part of the neurite to the soma of the neuron. Green circle marks a vesicle which was immobile during observation. (c) Bar diagram sho ...
Resonance properties of different neuronal populations in the
... potential or as rhythmic patterns of action potentials, which then produce oscillatory activation of post-synaptic neurons. However, in groups of neurons oscillatory activity generally arises from feedback connections between the neurons that result in the synchronization of their firing patterns. W ...
... potential or as rhythmic patterns of action potentials, which then produce oscillatory activation of post-synaptic neurons. However, in groups of neurons oscillatory activity generally arises from feedback connections between the neurons that result in the synchronization of their firing patterns. W ...
Balanced Excitatory and Inhibitory Inputs to Cortical Neurons
... which is often represented as Poisson-like spike trains. Background synaptic input with balanced excitation and inhibition has been suggested to generate the irregular firing, although other mechanisms are also possible (Reyes, 2003; Durstewitz and Gabriel, 2007). Because firing rate is crucial for ...
... which is often represented as Poisson-like spike trains. Background synaptic input with balanced excitation and inhibition has been suggested to generate the irregular firing, although other mechanisms are also possible (Reyes, 2003; Durstewitz and Gabriel, 2007). Because firing rate is crucial for ...
ANALYSIS OF THE ACTIVITY OF THE CHAINS
... of the different axons. The number and complexity of central pathways ar‘e best described by saying that, with but few exceptions, at least one pathway can be found connecting any two central neurons in a .manner so that an impulse may be conducted from one to the other neuron in the direction of ax ...
... of the different axons. The number and complexity of central pathways ar‘e best described by saying that, with but few exceptions, at least one pathway can be found connecting any two central neurons in a .manner so that an impulse may be conducted from one to the other neuron in the direction of ax ...
Delayed Puberty but Normal Fertility in Mice With Selective Deletion
... (12-14). In humans, type 1 diabetes also disrupts puberty and reproduction (15, 16). Although insulin was originally thought to be acting directly on GnRH neurons (8, 9, 17, 18), a recent study suggested otherwise. Deletion of the receptor for a related growth factor, IGF-1, from GnRH neurons result ...
... (12-14). In humans, type 1 diabetes also disrupts puberty and reproduction (15, 16). Although insulin was originally thought to be acting directly on GnRH neurons (8, 9, 17, 18), a recent study suggested otherwise. Deletion of the receptor for a related growth factor, IGF-1, from GnRH neurons result ...
CURRICULUM VITAE - Test - University of South Florida
... R01 NS46062-01 Lindsey (PI) 09/30/02 to 08/31/07 NIH/NINDS Computational Studies of the Respiratory Brainstem This collaborative project brings together researchers in five states to simulate populations of respiratory neurons with realistic biophysical properties and computationally efficient large ...
... R01 NS46062-01 Lindsey (PI) 09/30/02 to 08/31/07 NIH/NINDS Computational Studies of the Respiratory Brainstem This collaborative project brings together researchers in five states to simulate populations of respiratory neurons with realistic biophysical properties and computationally efficient large ...
Experience-dependent corticofugal adjustment
... observed in the central nucleus of the IC by Yan and Suga (11), we delivered ASr in the same way as in that research. The BFs of single or multiple IC neurons were measured before and after 30-min delivery of ASr. (Step 2) To examine whether auditory experience based on associative learning evokes a ...
... observed in the central nucleus of the IC by Yan and Suga (11), we delivered ASr in the same way as in that research. The BFs of single or multiple IC neurons were measured before and after 30-min delivery of ASr. (Step 2) To examine whether auditory experience based on associative learning evokes a ...
Epileptiform Activity Can Be Initiated in Various Neocortical Layers
... and Wong 1982), cortical neurons with repetitive firing properties might be capable of initiating epileptiform activity. This implies that various neurons from different layers may potentially become initiation cells for epileptiform activity if they possess repetitive and rhythmic firing properties ...
... and Wong 1982), cortical neurons with repetitive firing properties might be capable of initiating epileptiform activity. This implies that various neurons from different layers may potentially become initiation cells for epileptiform activity if they possess repetitive and rhythmic firing properties ...
Pre-Bötzinger complex
The pre-Bötzinger complex (preBötC) is a cluster of interneurons in the ventrolateral medulla of the brainstem. This complex has been proven to be essential for the generation of respiratory rhythm in mammals. The exact mechanism of the rhythm generation and transmission to motor nuclei remains controversial and the topic of much present research.Several synthetic compounds have been shown to act on neurons specific to the preBötC, most being selective agonists or antagonists to receptor subtypes on neurons in the vicinity. Since many of these neurons express GABA, glutamate, serotonin and adenosine receptors, chemicals custom tailored to bind at these sites are most effective at altering respiratory rhythm.Adenosine modulates the preBötC output via activation of the A1 and A2A receptor subtypes. An adenosine A1 receptor agonist has been shown to depress preBötC rhythmogenesis independent of the neurotransmitters GABA and glycine in ""in vitro"" preparations from 0-7 day old mice. Another synthetic drug specific to the adenosine A2A receptor subtype is CGS-21680 that has been shown to cause apneas in 14-21 day old rat pups in vivo. For this reason, it has been used as a model to study pathological conditions such as apnea of prematurity and SIDS in neonatal infants.