![Hunger Modulates the Responses to Gustatory Stimuli](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/017239522_1-9fbdef830204636f5f7a85f0d2f649fe-300x300.png)
Hunger Modulates the Responses to Gustatory Stimuli
... stimuli, and did not respond to somatosensory stimulation (see Rolls et al., in preparation). The stimuli to which different neurons responded best included glucose, blackcurrant juice, water, and NaCI, with HCI and quinine hydrochloride being relatively ineffective gustatory stimuli for the majorit ...
... stimuli, and did not respond to somatosensory stimulation (see Rolls et al., in preparation). The stimuli to which different neurons responded best included glucose, blackcurrant juice, water, and NaCI, with HCI and quinine hydrochloride being relatively ineffective gustatory stimuli for the majorit ...
Magel2 Is Required for Leptin-Mediated Depolarization of POMC
... Prader-Willi Syndrome is the most common syndromic form of human obesity and is caused by the loss of function of several genes, including MAGEL2. Mice lacking Magel2 display increased weight gain with excess adiposity and other defects suggestive of hypothalamic deficiency. We demonstrate Magel2-nu ...
... Prader-Willi Syndrome is the most common syndromic form of human obesity and is caused by the loss of function of several genes, including MAGEL2. Mice lacking Magel2 display increased weight gain with excess adiposity and other defects suggestive of hypothalamic deficiency. We demonstrate Magel2-nu ...
Bayesian Spiking Neurons II: Learning
... In the companion letter in this issue (“Bayesian Spiking Neurons I: Inference”), we showed that the dynamics of spiking neurons can be interpreted as a form of Bayesian integration, accumulating evidence over time about events in the external world or the body. We proceed to develop a theory of Baye ...
... In the companion letter in this issue (“Bayesian Spiking Neurons I: Inference”), we showed that the dynamics of spiking neurons can be interpreted as a form of Bayesian integration, accumulating evidence over time about events in the external world or the body. We proceed to develop a theory of Baye ...
18 Renal Acid-Base Balance
... • Your patient’s blood pH is too high (alkalosis). • This can be caused by either respiratory alkalosis or metabolic alkalosis. Let’s say it was respiratory alkalosis (abnormal breathing rate). • We need to look at the patient’s partial pressures of carbon dioxide and bicarbonate to see if they are ...
... • Your patient’s blood pH is too high (alkalosis). • This can be caused by either respiratory alkalosis or metabolic alkalosis. Let’s say it was respiratory alkalosis (abnormal breathing rate). • We need to look at the patient’s partial pressures of carbon dioxide and bicarbonate to see if they are ...
An EM Study of the Dorsal Nucleus of the Lateral Lemniscus
... to all parts of neurons in DNLL, but a large proportion of the synapses were on cell bodies and large dendrites. Two patterns of nuclear morphology and distribution of rough endoplasmic reticulum were identified and may represent different cell types. Examples of both cell types were observed to pro ...
... to all parts of neurons in DNLL, but a large proportion of the synapses were on cell bodies and large dendrites. Two patterns of nuclear morphology and distribution of rough endoplasmic reticulum were identified and may represent different cell types. Examples of both cell types were observed to pro ...
Vomeronasal Function - Oxford Academic
... Whatever response is generated in vomeronasal receptor involves a general norepinephrine-induced decrease in neurons, it must be carried to the AOB by patterns of action feedback inhibition during mating, presumably by a potentials in vomeronasal afferent axons. Theoretically, a decrease in GABA rel ...
... Whatever response is generated in vomeronasal receptor involves a general norepinephrine-induced decrease in neurons, it must be carried to the AOB by patterns of action feedback inhibition during mating, presumably by a potentials in vomeronasal afferent axons. Theoretically, a decrease in GABA rel ...
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... mediate potentiating effects of depolarization on synaptic transmission. Recently there has been renewed interest in a type of plasticity in which a neuron’s somatic membrane potential influences synaptic transmission. We study mechanisms that mediate this type of control at a synapse between a mech ...
... mediate potentiating effects of depolarization on synaptic transmission. Recently there has been renewed interest in a type of plasticity in which a neuron’s somatic membrane potential influences synaptic transmission. We study mechanisms that mediate this type of control at a synapse between a mech ...
cerebellar projections to the superior colliculus in the cat1
... the superior colliculus from the cerebellar nuclei using silver impregnation methods and retrograde transport techniques in the cat as described previously (Cohen et al., 1958; Voogd, 1964; Angaut, 1970; Angaut and Bowsher, 1970; Lago, 1975; Edwards et al., 1979). Also, in accordance with these repo ...
... the superior colliculus from the cerebellar nuclei using silver impregnation methods and retrograde transport techniques in the cat as described previously (Cohen et al., 1958; Voogd, 1964; Angaut, 1970; Angaut and Bowsher, 1970; Lago, 1975; Edwards et al., 1979). Also, in accordance with these repo ...
Patterns of GABAergic Immunoreactivity Define Subdivisions of the
... The puncta could originate from several sources; while many may arise from intrinsic GABAergic Golgi type I1 local circuit neurons, these cells may not be the only or even the principal source. Thus, the dorsal division contains comparatively many immunopositive cells though fewer puncta than might ...
... The puncta could originate from several sources; while many may arise from intrinsic GABAergic Golgi type I1 local circuit neurons, these cells may not be the only or even the principal source. Thus, the dorsal division contains comparatively many immunopositive cells though fewer puncta than might ...
A Dendritic Disinhibitory Circuit Mechanism for Pathway
... bioRxiv preprint first posted online Feb. 28, 2016; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/041673. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. ...
... bioRxiv preprint first posted online Feb. 28, 2016; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/041673. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. ...
Predictive Coding: A Possible Explanation of Filling
... connection. In response to this top-down information, lower area sends a residual error signal to the higher area, by feed-forward connection, to correct the next prediction. This idea is based on the anatomical architecture of the visual system which is hierarchically organized and reciprocally con ...
... connection. In response to this top-down information, lower area sends a residual error signal to the higher area, by feed-forward connection, to correct the next prediction. This idea is based on the anatomical architecture of the visual system which is hierarchically organized and reciprocally con ...
Change of vanilloid receptor 1 expression in dorsal root ganglion
... DRG and the superficial layers of the spinal dorsal horn increased, with a peak at days 7–14; the ratio of VR1-positive neurons per DRG at day 1 and day 14 after CFA injection reached 1.5-fold and 1.7-fold of the control level. There was a shift of VR1 expression from small to medium neurons (Fig. 3 ...
... DRG and the superficial layers of the spinal dorsal horn increased, with a peak at days 7–14; the ratio of VR1-positive neurons per DRG at day 1 and day 14 after CFA injection reached 1.5-fold and 1.7-fold of the control level. There was a shift of VR1 expression from small to medium neurons (Fig. 3 ...
Poly(A) Binding Protein Nuclear 1 regulates the
... Polyadenylation is a nuclear process that involves the endonucleolytic cleavage of RNA transcripts and the addition of poly(A) tails. The cleavage often takes place at different positions within the same RNA transcript, generating alternative 3’ends. Polyadenylation regulates mRNA localization, stab ...
... Polyadenylation is a nuclear process that involves the endonucleolytic cleavage of RNA transcripts and the addition of poly(A) tails. The cleavage often takes place at different positions within the same RNA transcript, generating alternative 3’ends. Polyadenylation regulates mRNA localization, stab ...
Comparative neuronal morphology of the
... based on rapid Golgi stains. Finally, apart from a small number of traced molecular layer interneurons (N = 26; Sultan and Bower, 1998), there are few complete digital reconstructions of other neuronal types in cerebellar cortex. In terms of comparative neuromorphology, research has generally focuse ...
... based on rapid Golgi stains. Finally, apart from a small number of traced molecular layer interneurons (N = 26; Sultan and Bower, 1998), there are few complete digital reconstructions of other neuronal types in cerebellar cortex. In terms of comparative neuromorphology, research has generally focuse ...
Synapse formation in developing neural circuits.
... neurotransmitter receptors, channels, and downstream signaling molecules. The neurotransmitters released by the presynaptic specializations are sensed by the receptors at the postsynaptic site, activating downstream signaling molecules, opening channels, and propagating the nervous impulse to the po ...
... neurotransmitter receptors, channels, and downstream signaling molecules. The neurotransmitters released by the presynaptic specializations are sensed by the receptors at the postsynaptic site, activating downstream signaling molecules, opening channels, and propagating the nervous impulse to the po ...
Article 5 - Graduate Program in Neuroscience | UBC
... two rewards appeared simultaneously at randomly alternating left and right target positions, allowing the animal to touch the lever of its choice following the trigger stimulus. Types of Task-related Activity Orbitofrontal neurons in area 11, rostral area 13 and lateral area 14 displayed only three ...
... two rewards appeared simultaneously at randomly alternating left and right target positions, allowing the animal to touch the lever of its choice following the trigger stimulus. Types of Task-related Activity Orbitofrontal neurons in area 11, rostral area 13 and lateral area 14 displayed only three ...
Glycolytic Enzymes Localize to Synapses under Energy Stress to
... 278 Neuron 90, 278–291, April 20, 2016 ª2016 Elsevier Inc. ...
... 278 Neuron 90, 278–291, April 20, 2016 ª2016 Elsevier Inc. ...
MIrror neuRons based RObot Recognition - LIRA-Lab
... primates’ premotor cortex. These neurons behave as a “motor resonant system”, activated both during execution of goal directed actions and during the observation of similar actions performed by others. One hypothesis is that this unified representation serves the acquisition of goal directed actions ...
... primates’ premotor cortex. These neurons behave as a “motor resonant system”, activated both during execution of goal directed actions and during the observation of similar actions performed by others. One hypothesis is that this unified representation serves the acquisition of goal directed actions ...
In LHRH neurons
... In rats, GABA appears to stimulate LHRH release in juveniles, but becomes inhibitory at puberty. ...
... In rats, GABA appears to stimulate LHRH release in juveniles, but becomes inhibitory at puberty. ...
Vestibular Signals in the Parasolitary Nucleus
... primary afferents project to secondary vestibular neurons located in the vestibular complex. Vestibular primary afferents also project to the uvula-nodulus of the cerebellum where they terminate on granule cells. In this report we describe the physiological properties of neurons in a “new” vestibula ...
... primary afferents project to secondary vestibular neurons located in the vestibular complex. Vestibular primary afferents also project to the uvula-nodulus of the cerebellum where they terminate on granule cells. In this report we describe the physiological properties of neurons in a “new” vestibula ...
Carlsson J Neurosci 2007 (pdf 2,2 MB)
... monitored in rotometer bowls, and the animals’ right and left 90° body turns were recorded using a computerized hardware and a specialized software (AccuScan Instrument, Columbus, OH). In all cases, the testing sessions were performed over 90 min, and the data are expressed as total net full-body tu ...
... monitored in rotometer bowls, and the animals’ right and left 90° body turns were recorded using a computerized hardware and a specialized software (AccuScan Instrument, Columbus, OH). In all cases, the testing sessions were performed over 90 min, and the data are expressed as total net full-body tu ...
An Imperfect Dopaminergic Error Signal Can Drive Temporal
... of the midbrain dopaminergic neurons to the TD error and the discovery that cortico-striatal synaptic plasticity is modulated by dopamine. However, as the phasic dopaminergic signal does not reproduce all the properties of the theoretical TD error, it is unclear whether it is capable of driving beha ...
... of the midbrain dopaminergic neurons to the TD error and the discovery that cortico-striatal synaptic plasticity is modulated by dopamine. However, as the phasic dopaminergic signal does not reproduce all the properties of the theoretical TD error, it is unclear whether it is capable of driving beha ...
Pre-Bötzinger complex
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/A2A_receptor_bilayer.png?width=300)
The pre-Bötzinger complex (preBötC) is a cluster of interneurons in the ventrolateral medulla of the brainstem. This complex has been proven to be essential for the generation of respiratory rhythm in mammals. The exact mechanism of the rhythm generation and transmission to motor nuclei remains controversial and the topic of much present research.Several synthetic compounds have been shown to act on neurons specific to the preBötC, most being selective agonists or antagonists to receptor subtypes on neurons in the vicinity. Since many of these neurons express GABA, glutamate, serotonin and adenosine receptors, chemicals custom tailored to bind at these sites are most effective at altering respiratory rhythm.Adenosine modulates the preBötC output via activation of the A1 and A2A receptor subtypes. An adenosine A1 receptor agonist has been shown to depress preBötC rhythmogenesis independent of the neurotransmitters GABA and glycine in ""in vitro"" preparations from 0-7 day old mice. Another synthetic drug specific to the adenosine A2A receptor subtype is CGS-21680 that has been shown to cause apneas in 14-21 day old rat pups in vivo. For this reason, it has been used as a model to study pathological conditions such as apnea of prematurity and SIDS in neonatal infants.