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Cerebellar control of visceral responses–possible mechanisms
... far from delicate and complex neuronal activity patterns displayed during normal cerebellar operation. In the physiological situations the fastigial neurons show a pattern of continuous discharge, which is sculptured by inhibitory influences from the likewise continuously firing Purkinje cells, in t ...
... far from delicate and complex neuronal activity patterns displayed during normal cerebellar operation. In the physiological situations the fastigial neurons show a pattern of continuous discharge, which is sculptured by inhibitory influences from the likewise continuously firing Purkinje cells, in t ...
Timing in reward and decision processes
... monkeys show lower activations following visual instructions for delayed behavioural responses and rewards [35]. Reversal of cue-delay associations leads to reversal of neuronal responses, suggesting a relationship to delay rather than visual stimulus properties. About one-third of task-related neur ...
... monkeys show lower activations following visual instructions for delayed behavioural responses and rewards [35]. Reversal of cue-delay associations leads to reversal of neuronal responses, suggesting a relationship to delay rather than visual stimulus properties. About one-third of task-related neur ...
theta oscillation in the hippocampus
... Theta frequency field oscillation reflects synchronized synaptic potentials that entrain the discharge of neuronal populations within the D100–200 ms range. The cellular-synaptic generation of theta activity in the hippocampus was investigated by intracellular recordings from the somata and dendrite ...
... Theta frequency field oscillation reflects synchronized synaptic potentials that entrain the discharge of neuronal populations within the D100–200 ms range. The cellular-synaptic generation of theta activity in the hippocampus was investigated by intracellular recordings from the somata and dendrite ...
Organization of Inhibitory Frequency Receptive Fields in Cat Primary
... on responses to excitatory tones imply that single-tone tuning curves do not adequately characterize the spectral input of neurons (e.g., Imig et al. 1997; Nelken et al. 1994; Sachs and Kiang 1968; Suga and Tsuzuki 1985). As in the visual system, these influences should be crucial contributors to th ...
... on responses to excitatory tones imply that single-tone tuning curves do not adequately characterize the spectral input of neurons (e.g., Imig et al. 1997; Nelken et al. 1994; Sachs and Kiang 1968; Suga and Tsuzuki 1985). As in the visual system, these influences should be crucial contributors to th ...
Midbrain Dopamine Neurons Encode a Quantitative Reward
... a lever press will be followed by 1 ml of juice, the delivery of 1 ml of juice should produce no reward prediction error. Importantly, however, systems of this type do not necessarily account for all of the behavior produced by all animals under all circumstances. If an animal faces an environment i ...
... a lever press will be followed by 1 ml of juice, the delivery of 1 ml of juice should produce no reward prediction error. Importantly, however, systems of this type do not necessarily account for all of the behavior produced by all animals under all circumstances. If an animal faces an environment i ...
Neurotransmitter Transporters
... transmitter can be accumulated against a larger concentration gradient. This mechanism ensures that cells are still capable of taking up glutamate, despite having a high intracellular concentration of glutamate. The effectiveness of the uptake process is remarkable, as EAAT-3 transporters are capable ...
... transmitter can be accumulated against a larger concentration gradient. This mechanism ensures that cells are still capable of taking up glutamate, despite having a high intracellular concentration of glutamate. The effectiveness of the uptake process is remarkable, as EAAT-3 transporters are capable ...
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... low levels of trkA mRNA and p75 mRNA in trigeminal cultures and dissected whole ganglia. The reverse transcription and PCR reactions were calibrated by the inclusion of control RNA templates in the reverse transcription reaction. The control RNA templates were transcribed in vitro from trkA and p75 ...
... low levels of trkA mRNA and p75 mRNA in trigeminal cultures and dissected whole ganglia. The reverse transcription and PCR reactions were calibrated by the inclusion of control RNA templates in the reverse transcription reaction. The control RNA templates were transcribed in vitro from trkA and p75 ...
Fluctuations in Perceptual Decisions Panagiota Theodoni
... word in science. How could we study subjectivity objectively? This was the main obstacle, since objectivation is a “pillar” of science, although debatable (Schrödinger 1967). The bridge to this gap came, in the second half of 19th century, from Franz Brentano who suggested three different forms of c ...
... word in science. How could we study subjectivity objectively? This was the main obstacle, since objectivation is a “pillar” of science, although debatable (Schrödinger 1967). The bridge to this gap came, in the second half of 19th century, from Franz Brentano who suggested three different forms of c ...
Separate Representations of Target and Timing Cue Locations in
... 2008; doi:10.1152/jn.90704.2008. When different stimuli indicate where and when to make an eye movement, the brain areas involved in oculomotor control must selectively plan an eye movement to the stimulus that encodes the target position and also encode the information available from the timing cue ...
... 2008; doi:10.1152/jn.90704.2008. When different stimuli indicate where and when to make an eye movement, the brain areas involved in oculomotor control must selectively plan an eye movement to the stimulus that encodes the target position and also encode the information available from the timing cue ...
DOES ISCHEMIA CAUSE ACUTE NEURONAL DAMAGE BY CONVERTING THE NA /K
... linking ischemic failure of the Na+/K+ pump to the subsequent onset of a large inward current in neurons has remained a mystery because blockade of any conventional voltage- or ligand- gated channel does not prevent ischemic or “anoxic” depolarization (AD) propagating across grey matter. Recently ou ...
... linking ischemic failure of the Na+/K+ pump to the subsequent onset of a large inward current in neurons has remained a mystery because blockade of any conventional voltage- or ligand- gated channel does not prevent ischemic or “anoxic” depolarization (AD) propagating across grey matter. Recently ou ...
Effect of Lesions of the Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus on NREM and
... VLPO region causes GABAA receptor-mediated hyperpolarization and inhibition of TMN neurons in brain slices. These results suggest that the VLPO may play an important role in promoting sleep. The preoptic area, however, is also involved in thermoregulation, and alterations in body temperature can aff ...
... VLPO region causes GABAA receptor-mediated hyperpolarization and inhibition of TMN neurons in brain slices. These results suggest that the VLPO may play an important role in promoting sleep. The preoptic area, however, is also involved in thermoregulation, and alterations in body temperature can aff ...
Motif distribution, dynamical properties, and computational
... between excitatory and inhibitory neurons located in different layers, i.e. layer 2/3, 4 and 5, differ significantly for the functional and the potential microcircuit template (see Thomson and Lamy, 2007). In addition this dataset also includes neurons in layer 6. We investigate these two cortical mi ...
... between excitatory and inhibitory neurons located in different layers, i.e. layer 2/3, 4 and 5, differ significantly for the functional and the potential microcircuit template (see Thomson and Lamy, 2007). In addition this dataset also includes neurons in layer 6. We investigate these two cortical mi ...
PRINCIPLES OF NEUROBIOLOGY CHAPTER 6
... stimulus, then that pattern of action potentials is considered ‘signal’: it contains information about the presence of a stimulus. On the other hand, if the firing pattern of a neuron is not dependent on the presence of a stimulus, then that neuron’s firing contains no information about the presenc ...
... stimulus, then that pattern of action potentials is considered ‘signal’: it contains information about the presence of a stimulus. On the other hand, if the firing pattern of a neuron is not dependent on the presence of a stimulus, then that neuron’s firing contains no information about the presenc ...
Synchronization of Fast (30-40 Hz)
... by monosynaptic responses in both directions. The short-range spatial confinement of coherent fast rhythms contrasted with the large-scale synchronization of low-frequency sleep rhythms. Transient fast rhythms, appearing over the depolarizing envelope of the slow sleep oscillation, became sustained ...
... by monosynaptic responses in both directions. The short-range spatial confinement of coherent fast rhythms contrasted with the large-scale synchronization of low-frequency sleep rhythms. Transient fast rhythms, appearing over the depolarizing envelope of the slow sleep oscillation, became sustained ...
The Matrix Protein Hikaru genki Localizes to Cholinergic Synaptic
... line; when the center of each signal was focused, the D␣7-GFP signals were closely associated with Hig (Fig. 1F ). Structured illumination microscopy also revealed fine images of a single synapse in which Hig was present between the presynaptic marker Brp and the postsynaptic marker D␣7-GFP, indicat ...
... line; when the center of each signal was focused, the D␣7-GFP signals were closely associated with Hig (Fig. 1F ). Structured illumination microscopy also revealed fine images of a single synapse in which Hig was present between the presynaptic marker Brp and the postsynaptic marker D␣7-GFP, indicat ...
Goodwin S.F., Taylor, B.J., Villella, A., Foss, M., Ryner, L. C., Baker, B. S., and Hall, J. C.
... These mutants exhibit defects in certain steps of courtship, but they are able to carry out subsequent steps. For example, fru1, fru2, fru3, and fru4 homozygotes exhibit defects very early in courtship, in that they cannot discriminate between females and males as appropriate courtship partners, yet ...
... These mutants exhibit defects in certain steps of courtship, but they are able to carry out subsequent steps. For example, fru1, fru2, fru3, and fru4 homozygotes exhibit defects very early in courtship, in that they cannot discriminate between females and males as appropriate courtship partners, yet ...
Behavioral Response and Transmitter Release During Atonia
... Chase and colleagues (1986) found that electrical stimulation of the NGC hyperpolarizes spinal and trigeminal motoneurons during natural REM sleep or the REM sleeplike state induced by pontine microinjection of carbachol. They also found that this hyperpolarization can be blocked by iontophoretic in ...
... Chase and colleagues (1986) found that electrical stimulation of the NGC hyperpolarizes spinal and trigeminal motoneurons during natural REM sleep or the REM sleeplike state induced by pontine microinjection of carbachol. They also found that this hyperpolarization can be blocked by iontophoretic in ...
Comparative Study of c-Fos Expression in Rat Dorsal Vagal
... DMV, NTS and AP have complicated neuronal contact and close correlation in function, so that they constitute the dorsal vagal complex (DVC) (4). Thus, DVC and NA are the primary nerve centres that regulate gastric functions. Nevertheless, whether the neurons of DMV, NTS, AP and NA are excited, and c ...
... DMV, NTS and AP have complicated neuronal contact and close correlation in function, so that they constitute the dorsal vagal complex (DVC) (4). Thus, DVC and NA are the primary nerve centres that regulate gastric functions. Nevertheless, whether the neurons of DMV, NTS, AP and NA are excited, and c ...
hypothalamus, pit..
... hypothalamus is fed by small penetrating arteries that originate directly from the tributaries of the circle of Willis. The anterior part of the hypothalamus, above the optic chiasm, is supplied by arterial feeding vessels from the anterior cerebral artery. These vessels densely penetrate the basal ...
... hypothalamus is fed by small penetrating arteries that originate directly from the tributaries of the circle of Willis. The anterior part of the hypothalamus, above the optic chiasm, is supplied by arterial feeding vessels from the anterior cerebral artery. These vessels densely penetrate the basal ...
Receptores Monoaminérgicos en Corteza Prefrontal: Mecanismo de Acción de Fármacos Antipsicóticos
... antagonist phencyclidine (PCP) on PFC function to understand the cellular and network elements involved in its schizomimeitc actions. PCP induces a marked disruption of the activity of the PFC in the rat, increasing and decreasing the activity of 45% and 33% of the pyramidal neurons recorded, respec ...
... antagonist phencyclidine (PCP) on PFC function to understand the cellular and network elements involved in its schizomimeitc actions. PCP induces a marked disruption of the activity of the PFC in the rat, increasing and decreasing the activity of 45% and 33% of the pyramidal neurons recorded, respec ...
Pre-Bötzinger complex
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/A2A_receptor_bilayer.png?width=300)
The pre-Bötzinger complex (preBötC) is a cluster of interneurons in the ventrolateral medulla of the brainstem. This complex has been proven to be essential for the generation of respiratory rhythm in mammals. The exact mechanism of the rhythm generation and transmission to motor nuclei remains controversial and the topic of much present research.Several synthetic compounds have been shown to act on neurons specific to the preBötC, most being selective agonists or antagonists to receptor subtypes on neurons in the vicinity. Since many of these neurons express GABA, glutamate, serotonin and adenosine receptors, chemicals custom tailored to bind at these sites are most effective at altering respiratory rhythm.Adenosine modulates the preBötC output via activation of the A1 and A2A receptor subtypes. An adenosine A1 receptor agonist has been shown to depress preBötC rhythmogenesis independent of the neurotransmitters GABA and glycine in ""in vitro"" preparations from 0-7 day old mice. Another synthetic drug specific to the adenosine A2A receptor subtype is CGS-21680 that has been shown to cause apneas in 14-21 day old rat pups in vivo. For this reason, it has been used as a model to study pathological conditions such as apnea of prematurity and SIDS in neonatal infants.