Muscle tone regulation during REM sleep
... pathways involved in generating the cardinal signs of REM sleep such as cortical activation and muscle atonia. The generation and maintenance of REM sleep appear to involve a widespread network in the pons and medulla. The caudal laterodorsal tegmental nucleus (cLDT) and sublaterodorsal nucleus (SLD ...
... pathways involved in generating the cardinal signs of REM sleep such as cortical activation and muscle atonia. The generation and maintenance of REM sleep appear to involve a widespread network in the pons and medulla. The caudal laterodorsal tegmental nucleus (cLDT) and sublaterodorsal nucleus (SLD ...
Spinal sympathetic interneurons: Their identification and roles after
... activity. The polarities of somatically evoked responses of uncorrelated interneurons were much less likely to match those of simultaneous responses in renal sympathetic nerve activity. Furthermore, the excitatory fields of uncorrelated neurons were significantly larger than those of correlated neuro ...
... activity. The polarities of somatically evoked responses of uncorrelated interneurons were much less likely to match those of simultaneous responses in renal sympathetic nerve activity. Furthermore, the excitatory fields of uncorrelated neurons were significantly larger than those of correlated neuro ...
Apparent Loss and Hypertrophy of Interneurons in a Mouse Model
... The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCL) are progressive neurodegenerative disorders with onset from infancy to adulthood that are manifested by blindness, seizures, and dementia. In NCL, lysosomes accumulate autofluorescent proteolipid in the brain and other tissues. The mnd/mnd mutant mouse was fi ...
... The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCL) are progressive neurodegenerative disorders with onset from infancy to adulthood that are manifested by blindness, seizures, and dementia. In NCL, lysosomes accumulate autofluorescent proteolipid in the brain and other tissues. The mnd/mnd mutant mouse was fi ...
PDF
... led us to hypothesize that the first FBMN to migrate may act as a ‘pioneer’ neuron to lead follower neurons through the hindbrain, a model previously suggested by our group and others (Rohrschneider et al., 2007; Sittaramane et al., 2009). To test this idea, we analyzed time-lapse confocal movies of ...
... led us to hypothesize that the first FBMN to migrate may act as a ‘pioneer’ neuron to lead follower neurons through the hindbrain, a model previously suggested by our group and others (Rohrschneider et al., 2007; Sittaramane et al., 2009). To test this idea, we analyzed time-lapse confocal movies of ...
Orexin/Hypocretin: A Neuropeptide at the Interface of Sleep, Energy
... II. Orexin and orexin receptors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. Identification of orexin (Hypocretin) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B. Orex ...
... II. Orexin and orexin receptors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. Identification of orexin (Hypocretin) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B. Orex ...
Dynamics of spontaneous activity in the cerebral cortex across brain states
... TDX (www.tdx.cat) service and by the UB Digital Repository (diposit.ub.edu) has been authorized by the titular of the intellectual property rights only for private uses placed in investigation and teaching activities. Reproduction with lucrative aims is not authorized nor its spreading and availabil ...
... TDX (www.tdx.cat) service and by the UB Digital Repository (diposit.ub.edu) has been authorized by the titular of the intellectual property rights only for private uses placed in investigation and teaching activities. Reproduction with lucrative aims is not authorized nor its spreading and availabil ...
NEURAL ACTIVITY RELATED TO ANTICIPATED REWARD:
... species, extending from pigeons to humans, value judgments are subject to time-discounting. A reward of a given size is perceived as having greater or lesser value according to whether delivery is anticipated after a shorter or longer delay (Cardinal et al. 2001; Evenden and Ryan 1996; Herrnstein 1 ...
... species, extending from pigeons to humans, value judgments are subject to time-discounting. A reward of a given size is perceived as having greater or lesser value according to whether delivery is anticipated after a shorter or longer delay (Cardinal et al. 2001; Evenden and Ryan 1996; Herrnstein 1 ...
Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors in Aplysia californica and Molecular
... which binding of L-Glu activates intracellular cascades and modification of intracellular proteins; they are not ion channels. In contrast, ionotropic L-Glu receptors (iGluR) are ion channels that convey the majority of fast excitatory signal transmission modulated by L-Glu and have been implicated ...
... which binding of L-Glu activates intracellular cascades and modification of intracellular proteins; they are not ion channels. In contrast, ionotropic L-Glu receptors (iGluR) are ion channels that convey the majority of fast excitatory signal transmission modulated by L-Glu and have been implicated ...
JAMA SIDS
... of pacifiers,5-7 in SIDS, in large part due to the lack of understanding of the basic biological mechanisms. We have proposed the triple risk model,8 which suggests that sudden death results when 3 factors impinge on the infant simultaneously: (1) an underlying vulnerability; (2) an exogenous stress ...
... of pacifiers,5-7 in SIDS, in large part due to the lack of understanding of the basic biological mechanisms. We have proposed the triple risk model,8 which suggests that sudden death results when 3 factors impinge on the infant simultaneously: (1) an underlying vulnerability; (2) an exogenous stress ...
Neuron
... trial, and found shift-related activity: PPC neurons were transiently activated when the monkeys shifted from one cognitive set to another, but not when they shifted in the opposite direction. This shift-related activity emerged about 4 s before the actual behavioral responses, and it well predicted ...
... trial, and found shift-related activity: PPC neurons were transiently activated when the monkeys shifted from one cognitive set to another, but not when they shifted in the opposite direction. This shift-related activity emerged about 4 s before the actual behavioral responses, and it well predicted ...
![[Ca2+]c dynamics in spontaneously firing dopamine neurons of the](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/003492398_1-2708bc56966b4cab721b0073b5bc49ec-300x300.png)
$doc.title
... strategy approach to maximize reward and minimize costs; otherwise, competitive opponents can exploit predictable choice patterns. This thesis tested the hypothesis that the frontal eye field (FEF) are involved ...
... strategy approach to maximize reward and minimize costs; otherwise, competitive opponents can exploit predictable choice patterns. This thesis tested the hypothesis that the frontal eye field (FEF) are involved ...
View Full Page PDF
... Mammalian central neurons express a large repertoire of voltage-dependent ion channels (VDICs) that form selective pores in the neuronal membrane and confer diverse properties of intrinsic neuronal excitability. This allows mammalian neurons to display a richness of firing behaviors over a wide rang ...
... Mammalian central neurons express a large repertoire of voltage-dependent ion channels (VDICs) that form selective pores in the neuronal membrane and confer diverse properties of intrinsic neuronal excitability. This allows mammalian neurons to display a richness of firing behaviors over a wide rang ...
Chemical Transmitters and Modulation of Sleep
... changes in the availability of cell surface receptors across behavioral states. We show that following sleep deprivation, the presence and the intensity of GABAARs on the BF cholinergie cell membrane were increased. Such activity dependent changes of GABAARs could underlie homeostatic regulation ofw ...
... changes in the availability of cell surface receptors across behavioral states. We show that following sleep deprivation, the presence and the intensity of GABAARs on the BF cholinergie cell membrane were increased. Such activity dependent changes of GABAARs could underlie homeostatic regulation ofw ...
Cortical areas are linked through pathways which originate and
... is the pattern of connection between eulaminate areas with different laminar organization? What is the relative distribution of projection neurons or axonal terminals in different layers when structurally distinct cortices, in general, are connected? The present study addresses these questions by fo ...
... is the pattern of connection between eulaminate areas with different laminar organization? What is the relative distribution of projection neurons or axonal terminals in different layers when structurally distinct cortices, in general, are connected? The present study addresses these questions by fo ...
Neurobiological Mechanisms Underlying Oestradiol Negative and
... with low levels of LH being indicative of negative feedback in the morning (AM) and high levels of LH being indicative of positive feedback in the late afternoon (PM). OVX controls not treated with oestradiol show no time-of-day-dependent effects. After day 5, the LH surges decline in amplitude, but ...
... with low levels of LH being indicative of negative feedback in the morning (AM) and high levels of LH being indicative of positive feedback in the late afternoon (PM). OVX controls not treated with oestradiol show no time-of-day-dependent effects. After day 5, the LH surges decline in amplitude, but ...
Galanin-like peptide: a key player in the homeostatic regulation of
... of its ability to bind and activate galanin receptors in vitro. GALP is a novel 60 amino-acid peptide, the amino-acid residues (9th-21st) of which are identical with the biologically active N-terminal (1st-13th) portion of galanin,7 and its cDNA has been cloned from pig,7 rat,7,8 mouse,9,10 monkey11 ...
... of its ability to bind and activate galanin receptors in vitro. GALP is a novel 60 amino-acid peptide, the amino-acid residues (9th-21st) of which are identical with the biologically active N-terminal (1st-13th) portion of galanin,7 and its cDNA has been cloned from pig,7 rat,7,8 mouse,9,10 monkey11 ...
Distinct Roles for Somatically and Dendritically Synthesized Brain
... replacing the BGH 3⬘ UTR of the previously described GFP-BGH construct (An et al., 2008) with either the normal human Bdnf 3⬘ UTR (pBDNF-h3⬘UTR) or a human Bdnf 3⬘ UTR containing the G allele of SNP6 (pBDNF-h3⬘UTRsnp6g). The two constructs produce both transcripts with either a short or a long Bdnf ...
... replacing the BGH 3⬘ UTR of the previously described GFP-BGH construct (An et al., 2008) with either the normal human Bdnf 3⬘ UTR (pBDNF-h3⬘UTR) or a human Bdnf 3⬘ UTR containing the G allele of SNP6 (pBDNF-h3⬘UTRsnp6g). The two constructs produce both transcripts with either a short or a long Bdnf ...
Mechanisms of developmental neurite pruning
... localized fragmentation that is instrumental in the formation of a stereotypical retinotopic mapping in the SC (Fig. 2). Interestingly, RGCs also remodel their connections with thalamic neurons in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) [23, 24] although the cellular mechanisms, fragmentation o ...
... localized fragmentation that is instrumental in the formation of a stereotypical retinotopic mapping in the SC (Fig. 2). Interestingly, RGCs also remodel their connections with thalamic neurons in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) [23, 24] although the cellular mechanisms, fragmentation o ...
PDF
... Neuronal polarity is regulated by a direct interaction between a scaffolding protein, Neurabin, and a presynaptic SAD-1 kinase in Caenorhabditis elegans Wesley Hung, Christine Hwang, Michelle D. Po and Mei Zhen* The establishment of axon-dendrite identity in developing neurites is essential for the ...
... Neuronal polarity is regulated by a direct interaction between a scaffolding protein, Neurabin, and a presynaptic SAD-1 kinase in Caenorhabditis elegans Wesley Hung, Christine Hwang, Michelle D. Po and Mei Zhen* The establishment of axon-dendrite identity in developing neurites is essential for the ...
9 Propagated Signaling: The Action Potential
... NERVE CELLS ARE ABLE TO carry signals over long distances because of their ability to generate an action potential—a regenerative electrical signal whose amplitude does not attenuate as it moves down the axon. In Chapter 7 we saw how an action potential arises from sequential changes in the membrane ...
... NERVE CELLS ARE ABLE TO carry signals over long distances because of their ability to generate an action potential—a regenerative electrical signal whose amplitude does not attenuate as it moves down the axon. In Chapter 7 we saw how an action potential arises from sequential changes in the membrane ...
Spike-based Winner-Take-All Computation in a Multi
... the spike-based neuronal networks where we can obtain this behavior. Previous analyses of winner-take-all behavior have considered analog or spike-rate coded inputs. Here we are interested in the computation in the transition between single-spike and spike rate coding. In the theoretical part of thi ...
... the spike-based neuronal networks where we can obtain this behavior. Previous analyses of winner-take-all behavior have considered analog or spike-rate coded inputs. Here we are interested in the computation in the transition between single-spike and spike rate coding. In the theoretical part of thi ...
Coordinate Roles for LIM Homeobox Genes in Directing the
... innervate limb muscles are located in the lateral motor column (LMC) and are generated only at levels of the neural tube that lie in register with the limb fields (Hamburger, 1977; Ensini et al., 1998). LMC neurons initially project their axons along a common path, but at the base of the limb, the m ...
... innervate limb muscles are located in the lateral motor column (LMC) and are generated only at levels of the neural tube that lie in register with the limb fields (Hamburger, 1977; Ensini et al., 1998). LMC neurons initially project their axons along a common path, but at the base of the limb, the m ...
Pre-Bötzinger complex
The pre-Bötzinger complex (preBötC) is a cluster of interneurons in the ventrolateral medulla of the brainstem. This complex has been proven to be essential for the generation of respiratory rhythm in mammals. The exact mechanism of the rhythm generation and transmission to motor nuclei remains controversial and the topic of much present research.Several synthetic compounds have been shown to act on neurons specific to the preBötC, most being selective agonists or antagonists to receptor subtypes on neurons in the vicinity. Since many of these neurons express GABA, glutamate, serotonin and adenosine receptors, chemicals custom tailored to bind at these sites are most effective at altering respiratory rhythm.Adenosine modulates the preBötC output via activation of the A1 and A2A receptor subtypes. An adenosine A1 receptor agonist has been shown to depress preBötC rhythmogenesis independent of the neurotransmitters GABA and glycine in ""in vitro"" preparations from 0-7 day old mice. Another synthetic drug specific to the adenosine A2A receptor subtype is CGS-21680 that has been shown to cause apneas in 14-21 day old rat pups in vivo. For this reason, it has been used as a model to study pathological conditions such as apnea of prematurity and SIDS in neonatal infants.