Rapid Translocation of Zn 2+ from Nerve Terminals
... It has been surmised for some time that Zn2⫹ is released from synaptic terminals by a variety of stimuli. This conclusion was based on the localization of vesicular Zn2⫹ in synaptic terminals and on indirect observations of loss of Zn2⫹ from synaptic terminals following depolarizing stimuli (Anikszt ...
... It has been surmised for some time that Zn2⫹ is released from synaptic terminals by a variety of stimuli. This conclusion was based on the localization of vesicular Zn2⫹ in synaptic terminals and on indirect observations of loss of Zn2⫹ from synaptic terminals following depolarizing stimuli (Anikszt ...
Different adrenal sympathetic preganglionic
... g) were anesthetized with intravenous injections of urethane (800 mg/kg) and ␣-chloralose (70 mg/kg). The trachea, femoral vein, and femoral artery were cannulated for artificial ventilation, drug administration, and measurement of arterial pressure, respectively. Rectal temperature was maintained a ...
... g) were anesthetized with intravenous injections of urethane (800 mg/kg) and ␣-chloralose (70 mg/kg). The trachea, femoral vein, and femoral artery were cannulated for artificial ventilation, drug administration, and measurement of arterial pressure, respectively. Rectal temperature was maintained a ...
Dokument_1 - KLUEDO - Technische Universität Kaiserslautern
... The fundamental function of the central auditory system is to transform signals from the acoustic environment in order to extract new information. For the animals, including humans, this information has a vital importance for their life experience, orientation, and survival. The acoustic signals tra ...
... The fundamental function of the central auditory system is to transform signals from the acoustic environment in order to extract new information. For the animals, including humans, this information has a vital importance for their life experience, orientation, and survival. The acoustic signals tra ...
Essential Hypertension: An Approach to Its Etiology and Neurogenic
... Copyright © 2013 Juan J. Bolı́var. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Essential hypertension, a rise in blood pressure o ...
... Copyright © 2013 Juan J. Bolı́var. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Essential hypertension, a rise in blood pressure o ...
Same Spinal Interneurons Mediate Reflex Actions of Group Ib and
... Grillner and Lund 1968; Grillner et al. 1971; Takakusaki et al. 1989) show that these actions involve both excitatory and inhibitory premotor neurons and initiation of different forms of locomotion from different parts of the brain stem both in the cat (Mori et al. 1989) and in the lamprey (Deliagin ...
... Grillner and Lund 1968; Grillner et al. 1971; Takakusaki et al. 1989) show that these actions involve both excitatory and inhibitory premotor neurons and initiation of different forms of locomotion from different parts of the brain stem both in the cat (Mori et al. 1989) and in the lamprey (Deliagin ...
Protracted Synaptogenesis after Activity
... 100 Hz, repeated five times every 10 s. The tip of the electrode was positioned in the vicinity of the section of apical dendrite that was selected for time-lapse imaging. The minimal distance between the tip of the electrode and the dendrite was kept between 10 and 20 m. In separate experiments, w ...
... 100 Hz, repeated five times every 10 s. The tip of the electrode was positioned in the vicinity of the section of apical dendrite that was selected for time-lapse imaging. The minimal distance between the tip of the electrode and the dendrite was kept between 10 and 20 m. In separate experiments, w ...
The Formation of Specific Synaptic Connections Between Muscle
... A convenient experimental system for studying, in the vertebrate CNS, this third aspect of neural development, i.e., the actual formation of specific synaptic connections, is the set of monosynaptic excitatory connections between muscle spindle afferent fibers and motoneurons projecting to limb musc ...
... A convenient experimental system for studying, in the vertebrate CNS, this third aspect of neural development, i.e., the actual formation of specific synaptic connections, is the set of monosynaptic excitatory connections between muscle spindle afferent fibers and motoneurons projecting to limb musc ...
Neocortical Very Fast Oscillations (Ripples, 80–200 Hz) During
... experimental evidence. 1) Seizures consisting of SW complexes and fast runs are generated in neocortex even after thalamectomy (Steriade and Contreras 1998) and in isolated neocortical slabs (Timofeev et al. 1998). 2) During such seizures, the majority of thalamocortical neurons are hyperpolarized a ...
... experimental evidence. 1) Seizures consisting of SW complexes and fast runs are generated in neocortex even after thalamectomy (Steriade and Contreras 1998) and in isolated neocortical slabs (Timofeev et al. 1998). 2) During such seizures, the majority of thalamocortical neurons are hyperpolarized a ...
to the Proceedings
... celestial polarization orientation, suited to code for spatial directions around the animal. These neurons are not only sensitive to celestial polarization but apparently also code directly for the position of the sun. This system of sky compass coding may, therefore, fulfill a function equivalent t ...
... celestial polarization orientation, suited to code for spatial directions around the animal. These neurons are not only sensitive to celestial polarization but apparently also code directly for the position of the sun. This system of sky compass coding may, therefore, fulfill a function equivalent t ...
What clinical disorders tell us about the neural
... simulate normal saccades well, but are challenged by clinical disorders because they often do not incorporate the specific anatomical and physiological substrates needed to model clinically important abnormalities. The interaction between research on animals and patients thus leads to a better under ...
... simulate normal saccades well, but are challenged by clinical disorders because they often do not incorporate the specific anatomical and physiological substrates needed to model clinically important abnormalities. The interaction between research on animals and patients thus leads to a better under ...
The Pedunculopontine Nucleus (PPN) in Parkinson`s Disease
... Deep brain stimulation in the “area of the PPN” reduces gait and balance problem in “some” Parkinson’s disease patients. The PPN is involved in numerous motor and non-motor functions that are affected in PD (sleep, gait, balance, eye movements, state of vigilance etc..). ...
... Deep brain stimulation in the “area of the PPN” reduces gait and balance problem in “some” Parkinson’s disease patients. The PPN is involved in numerous motor and non-motor functions that are affected in PD (sleep, gait, balance, eye movements, state of vigilance etc..). ...
Read as PDF
... pivot point. To attach the SRT to the lever, one end of a piece of string was tied to the SRT. The other end of the string had a loop that was hooked over a metal hook on one end of the lever. This preparation was used in experiments in which SRT contractions were monitored and in some experiments i ...
... pivot point. To attach the SRT to the lever, one end of a piece of string was tied to the SRT. The other end of the string had a loop that was hooked over a metal hook on one end of the lever. This preparation was used in experiments in which SRT contractions were monitored and in some experiments i ...
Functional Heterogeneity in the Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis
... and predator odors, respectively. However, it receives viscerosensory afferents from the insula (McDonald et al., 1999; Reynolds et al., 2005) and brainstem autonomic nuclei (Saper and Loewy, 1980; Schwaber et al., 1982) as well as mixed dopaminergicglutamatergic inputs from the periaqueductal gray ...
... and predator odors, respectively. However, it receives viscerosensory afferents from the insula (McDonald et al., 1999; Reynolds et al., 2005) and brainstem autonomic nuclei (Saper and Loewy, 1980; Schwaber et al., 1982) as well as mixed dopaminergicglutamatergic inputs from the periaqueductal gray ...
Neurodynamical theory of decision confidence Andrea Insabato TESI DOCTORAL UPF / 2014
... Decision confidence offers a window on introspection and onto the evaluation mechanisms associated with decision-making. Nonetheless we do not have yet a thorough understanding of its neurophysiological and computational substrate. There are mainly two experimental paradigms to measure decision conf ...
... Decision confidence offers a window on introspection and onto the evaluation mechanisms associated with decision-making. Nonetheless we do not have yet a thorough understanding of its neurophysiological and computational substrate. There are mainly two experimental paradigms to measure decision conf ...
The Locus Ceruleus Responds to Signaling Molecules Obtained
... axonal pathway from the eye to the LoC involves axo-axonic transfer of NGF with receptor switching (p75 to trkA) in the optic tectum. In addition to the axonal pathway, the LoC of chick embryos has privileged access to the CSF through a specialized glial/ependymal cell type, the tanycyte. The avian ...
... axonal pathway from the eye to the LoC involves axo-axonic transfer of NGF with receptor switching (p75 to trkA) in the optic tectum. In addition to the axonal pathway, the LoC of chick embryos has privileged access to the CSF through a specialized glial/ependymal cell type, the tanycyte. The avian ...
The Reorganization of Primary Auditory Cortex by Invasion of
... CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION Brain dysfunction caused by brain injury, sensory deprivation, or motor disability can severely affect human life. Neuroplasticity is the ability of the brain to adapt to environmental changes or brain damage. This plasticity helps the brain to restore the loss of function a ...
... CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION Brain dysfunction caused by brain injury, sensory deprivation, or motor disability can severely affect human life. Neuroplasticity is the ability of the brain to adapt to environmental changes or brain damage. This plasticity helps the brain to restore the loss of function a ...
Pallidal Discharge Related to the Kinematics of Reaching
... direction. Linear relations to movement amplitude were more common and accounted for more of the trial-to-trial variance in discharge rate than relations to either average velocity or movement duration. The relation to movement amplitude was consistent for two behavioral conditions when the change i ...
... direction. Linear relations to movement amplitude were more common and accounted for more of the trial-to-trial variance in discharge rate than relations to either average velocity or movement duration. The relation to movement amplitude was consistent for two behavioral conditions when the change i ...
Serum kisspeptin levels across different phases of the menstrual
... hypothalamus, GnRH neurons are situated very close to the kisspeptin neurons and they express kisspeptin receptor as well.5,6 Kisspeptin is believed to mediate gonadal steroid feedback to the hypothalamus. Although androgens, oestrogen and progesterone suppress gonadotropin secretion, none of these ...
... hypothalamus, GnRH neurons are situated very close to the kisspeptin neurons and they express kisspeptin receptor as well.5,6 Kisspeptin is believed to mediate gonadal steroid feedback to the hypothalamus. Although androgens, oestrogen and progesterone suppress gonadotropin secretion, none of these ...
Session 230 IOP Measurement and characterization I
... the orbital wall, and IOP was transmitted to the transducer via an aqueous-filled silicone tube inserted into the anterior chamber. The implant was large, and the battery required intraperitoneal placement. We have developed an updated bilateral IOP and ocular perfusion pressure (OPP) telemetry syst ...
... the orbital wall, and IOP was transmitted to the transducer via an aqueous-filled silicone tube inserted into the anterior chamber. The implant was large, and the battery required intraperitoneal placement. We have developed an updated bilateral IOP and ocular perfusion pressure (OPP) telemetry syst ...
Activity dynamics and behavioral correlates of CA3 and CA1
... The CA3 and CA1 pyramidal neurons are the major principal cell types of the hippocampus proper. The strongly recurrent collateral system of CA3 cells and the largely parallel-organized CA1 neurons suggest that these regions perform distinct computations. However, a comprehensive comparison between C ...
... The CA3 and CA1 pyramidal neurons are the major principal cell types of the hippocampus proper. The strongly recurrent collateral system of CA3 cells and the largely parallel-organized CA1 neurons suggest that these regions perform distinct computations. However, a comprehensive comparison between C ...
NIH Public Access
... Ca2+ transport in CNS diseases has focused around the induction of the permeability transition. There has been some controversy over the nature or even existence of the permeability transition in isolated brain mitochondrial preparations. In part this is because the lightscattering changes of isolat ...
... Ca2+ transport in CNS diseases has focused around the induction of the permeability transition. There has been some controversy over the nature or even existence of the permeability transition in isolated brain mitochondrial preparations. In part this is because the lightscattering changes of isolat ...
Pre-Bötzinger complex
The pre-Bötzinger complex (preBötC) is a cluster of interneurons in the ventrolateral medulla of the brainstem. This complex has been proven to be essential for the generation of respiratory rhythm in mammals. The exact mechanism of the rhythm generation and transmission to motor nuclei remains controversial and the topic of much present research.Several synthetic compounds have been shown to act on neurons specific to the preBötC, most being selective agonists or antagonists to receptor subtypes on neurons in the vicinity. Since many of these neurons express GABA, glutamate, serotonin and adenosine receptors, chemicals custom tailored to bind at these sites are most effective at altering respiratory rhythm.Adenosine modulates the preBötC output via activation of the A1 and A2A receptor subtypes. An adenosine A1 receptor agonist has been shown to depress preBötC rhythmogenesis independent of the neurotransmitters GABA and glycine in ""in vitro"" preparations from 0-7 day old mice. Another synthetic drug specific to the adenosine A2A receptor subtype is CGS-21680 that has been shown to cause apneas in 14-21 day old rat pups in vivo. For this reason, it has been used as a model to study pathological conditions such as apnea of prematurity and SIDS in neonatal infants.