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Differential GABAB Receptor Modulation of Ethanol Effects on
... Activation of GABAA receptors in the septohippocampal pathway has also been shown to potentiate behavioral effects of several anesthetics (Ma et al., 2002) as well as ethanol (Mihic et al., 1997). Electrophysiological studies have shown that GABAA IPSCs evoked in the CA1 hippocampal stratum pyramida ...
... Activation of GABAA receptors in the septohippocampal pathway has also been shown to potentiate behavioral effects of several anesthetics (Ma et al., 2002) as well as ethanol (Mihic et al., 1997). Electrophysiological studies have shown that GABAA IPSCs evoked in the CA1 hippocampal stratum pyramida ...
1 OSCILLATORY ENTRAINMENT OF THALAMIC NEURONS BY
... they be classified as “theta” units. To prove the selectivity of AV theta cells for theta rhythm, ...
... they be classified as “theta” units. To prove the selectivity of AV theta cells for theta rhythm, ...
University of Groningen Gustatory neural processing in the
... afferents, postsynaptic afferents or even interneurons involved in intranuclear data processing. Most units recorded are subject to this ambiguity. In two recent studies Nakamura and Norgren extracellularly recorded single-unit responses of NTS neurons in awake rats, after gustatory stimulation with ...
... afferents, postsynaptic afferents or even interneurons involved in intranuclear data processing. Most units recorded are subject to this ambiguity. In two recent studies Nakamura and Norgren extracellularly recorded single-unit responses of NTS neurons in awake rats, after gustatory stimulation with ...
Control of Gonadotropin Secretion by Follicle
... perikarya and fibers of lGnRH neurons (20). Furthermore, immunoabsorption studies indicated that the cell bodies of the lGnRH neurons were eliminated by lGnRH-III but not by mGnRH, whereas the axons in the median eminence were eliminated by lGnRH-III but only slightly reduced by absorption with mGnR ...
... perikarya and fibers of lGnRH neurons (20). Furthermore, immunoabsorption studies indicated that the cell bodies of the lGnRH neurons were eliminated by lGnRH-III but not by mGnRH, whereas the axons in the median eminence were eliminated by lGnRH-III but only slightly reduced by absorption with mGnR ...
Responses of Primate Caudal Parabrachial Nucleus and Ko¨lliker
... aspect of the superior vestibular nucleus, the caudoventral aspect (pars ␣) of the lateral vestibular nucleus, and the caudal half of the medial vestibular nucleus and the inferior vestibular nucleus (Balaban 1996; Balaban and Beryozkin 1994; Porter and Balaban 1997; Ruggiero et al. 1996; Yates et a ...
... aspect of the superior vestibular nucleus, the caudoventral aspect (pars ␣) of the lateral vestibular nucleus, and the caudal half of the medial vestibular nucleus and the inferior vestibular nucleus (Balaban 1996; Balaban and Beryozkin 1994; Porter and Balaban 1997; Ruggiero et al. 1996; Yates et a ...
Learning to classify complex patterns using a VLSI network of
... The learning and classification of natural stimuli are accomplished by biological organisms with remarkable ease, even when the input is noisy or incomplete. Such real-time classification of complex patterns of spike trains is a difficult computational problem that artificial neural networks are con ...
... The learning and classification of natural stimuli are accomplished by biological organisms with remarkable ease, even when the input is noisy or incomplete. Such real-time classification of complex patterns of spike trains is a difficult computational problem that artificial neural networks are con ...
- Journal of Vestibular Research
... that follows unilateral deafferentation of the vestibular labyrinth (UVD). The most salient characteristic of vestibular compensation is the decrease in the severity of the static ocular motor and p$ostural symptoms that follow UVD, associated with a recovery of resting activity in the ipsilateral v ...
... that follows unilateral deafferentation of the vestibular labyrinth (UVD). The most salient characteristic of vestibular compensation is the decrease in the severity of the static ocular motor and p$ostural symptoms that follow UVD, associated with a recovery of resting activity in the ipsilateral v ...
Serotonin in Affective Control
... anxiety, panic, aggression, dominance, obsessions, punishment, analgesia, behavioral inhibition, rhythmic motor activity, feeding, and more, in organisms from invertebrates to humans, and yet it has never quite been convincingly convicted of any single compelling influence. There are at least 17 dif ...
... anxiety, panic, aggression, dominance, obsessions, punishment, analgesia, behavioral inhibition, rhythmic motor activity, feeding, and more, in organisms from invertebrates to humans, and yet it has never quite been convincingly convicted of any single compelling influence. There are at least 17 dif ...
CALCIUM AND PHOSPHATE METABOLISM
... body fluid decreases. When the parathyroid glands are suddenly removed, the calcium level in the blood falls from the normal of 9.4 to 6 mg/dL within two to three days (hypocalcemia which leads to tetany) ...
... body fluid decreases. When the parathyroid glands are suddenly removed, the calcium level in the blood falls from the normal of 9.4 to 6 mg/dL within two to three days (hypocalcemia which leads to tetany) ...
Motor Cortex Neural Correlates of Output Kinematics and Kinetics
... apparent instantaneous directionality of muscle activity, when expressed in hand-centered spatial coordinates, remained relatively stable during the isometric ramps but often showed a large transient shift during deceleration of the arm movements. Single-neuron and population-level activity in M1 sh ...
... apparent instantaneous directionality of muscle activity, when expressed in hand-centered spatial coordinates, remained relatively stable during the isometric ramps but often showed a large transient shift during deceleration of the arm movements. Single-neuron and population-level activity in M1 sh ...
Modulation of premotor circuits controlling locomotor activity by
... effortless to the point that many movements are almost executed unconsciously. Indeed, the generation of sophisticated motor behaviors relies on the complex interplay between supraspinal brain structures and circuits in the spinal cord. Understanding how the central nervous system generates a large ...
... effortless to the point that many movements are almost executed unconsciously. Indeed, the generation of sophisticated motor behaviors relies on the complex interplay between supraspinal brain structures and circuits in the spinal cord. Understanding how the central nervous system generates a large ...
Implication of novel neurotransmitter systems in the regulation of
... which release their neurohormone content into the portal circulation of the hypophysis in a pulsatile manner. The episodic hormone release from the GnRH axon terminals results in a rhythmic discharge of the two gonadotropins, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), by the go ...
... which release their neurohormone content into the portal circulation of the hypophysis in a pulsatile manner. The episodic hormone release from the GnRH axon terminals results in a rhythmic discharge of the two gonadotropins, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), by the go ...
(15 pages pdf)
... a common ‘‘generalized arousal’’ pathway (Pfaff et al., 2005) or rather control distinct arousal pathways or circuits that independently regulate different behaviors. Resolving this issue requires identifying the receptors and circuits on which these neuromodulators act, in different behavioral sett ...
... a common ‘‘generalized arousal’’ pathway (Pfaff et al., 2005) or rather control distinct arousal pathways or circuits that independently regulate different behaviors. Resolving this issue requires identifying the receptors and circuits on which these neuromodulators act, in different behavioral sett ...
Development of the brain stem in the rat. V. Thymidine‐radiographic
... the parabigeminal nucleus from anterior to posterior in coronal sections the following gradient was observed. In anterior sections there is a single cluster of cells and these were no longer labeled in the E15+ 16 injection group (Fig. 8B). Proceeding posteriorly three clusters could be identified, ...
... the parabigeminal nucleus from anterior to posterior in coronal sections the following gradient was observed. In anterior sections there is a single cluster of cells and these were no longer labeled in the E15+ 16 injection group (Fig. 8B). Proceeding posteriorly three clusters could be identified, ...
Mechanisms of excitability in the central and peripheral nervous
... function and in pathological conditions. For hippocampus the normal function includes changes in excitability linked to learning and memory. However, it also is intimately linked to pathological increases in excitability observed in epilepsy. In C–fibers, excitability controls sensitivity to respons ...
... function and in pathological conditions. For hippocampus the normal function includes changes in excitability linked to learning and memory. However, it also is intimately linked to pathological increases in excitability observed in epilepsy. In C–fibers, excitability controls sensitivity to respons ...
The subfornical organ: A central nervous system site for actions of
... dorsomedial nucleus, and the lateral hypothalamic area (31), and it is clear that leptin signaling in these structures plays a pivotal role in regulating energy balance. The presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) leads to the obvious question as to how this peripheral peptide gains access to the ...
... dorsomedial nucleus, and the lateral hypothalamic area (31), and it is clear that leptin signaling in these structures plays a pivotal role in regulating energy balance. The presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) leads to the obvious question as to how this peripheral peptide gains access to the ...
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... central nervous system display a broad spectrum of intrinsic electrophysiological properties that are absent in the traditional “integrate-and-fire” model. A network of neurons with these properties interacting through synaptic receptors with many time scales can produce complex patterns of activity ...
... central nervous system display a broad spectrum of intrinsic electrophysiological properties that are absent in the traditional “integrate-and-fire” model. A network of neurons with these properties interacting through synaptic receptors with many time scales can produce complex patterns of activity ...
Stochastic neural network dynamics: synchronisation and control
... who called it “the rule of dynamic polarisation” [12, 13]. Dendrites are branches that usually extend from one extremity of the soma and are primarily devoted to receiving electrical signals from other neurons and transporting them to the soma. Dendritic trees show extreme diversity in their shape a ...
... who called it “the rule of dynamic polarisation” [12, 13]. Dendrites are branches that usually extend from one extremity of the soma and are primarily devoted to receiving electrical signals from other neurons and transporting them to the soma. Dendritic trees show extreme diversity in their shape a ...
Axonal wiring of guanylate cyclase-D
... The main and accessory olfactory systems of the mouse detect a large variety of chemical stimuli from the external environment. Chemoreception is mediated by several types of receptor molecules that are expressed by specialized sensory neurons (Axel, 2005; Buck, 2005; Mombaerts, 2004). The informati ...
... The main and accessory olfactory systems of the mouse detect a large variety of chemical stimuli from the external environment. Chemoreception is mediated by several types of receptor molecules that are expressed by specialized sensory neurons (Axel, 2005; Buck, 2005; Mombaerts, 2004). The informati ...
Tang et al - Pro Aid Autisme
... exploring the familiar object (Figure 3A). Tsc2+/ mice, however, did not exhibit ASD-like repetitive behaviors (Figure 3B). Sociability was assessed during a dyadic social interaction with a novel (noncagemate) mouse matched for sex and genotype (see Supplemental Information). Tsc2+/ mice spent less ...
... exploring the familiar object (Figure 3A). Tsc2+/ mice, however, did not exhibit ASD-like repetitive behaviors (Figure 3B). Sociability was assessed during a dyadic social interaction with a novel (noncagemate) mouse matched for sex and genotype (see Supplemental Information). Tsc2+/ mice spent less ...
Delineation of motoneuron subgroups supplying
... stabilize gaze during locomotion to compensate for head and body movements (Leigh and Zee, 2006; Horn and Leigh, 2011). The motor and premotor pathways for several eye movement types, e.g. saccades and the vestibulo-ocular reflex, are well studied in monkey, and they form the basis for assessing the ...
... stabilize gaze during locomotion to compensate for head and body movements (Leigh and Zee, 2006; Horn and Leigh, 2011). The motor and premotor pathways for several eye movement types, e.g. saccades and the vestibulo-ocular reflex, are well studied in monkey, and they form the basis for assessing the ...
Pre-Bötzinger complex
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/A2A_receptor_bilayer.png?width=300)
The pre-Bötzinger complex (preBötC) is a cluster of interneurons in the ventrolateral medulla of the brainstem. This complex has been proven to be essential for the generation of respiratory rhythm in mammals. The exact mechanism of the rhythm generation and transmission to motor nuclei remains controversial and the topic of much present research.Several synthetic compounds have been shown to act on neurons specific to the preBötC, most being selective agonists or antagonists to receptor subtypes on neurons in the vicinity. Since many of these neurons express GABA, glutamate, serotonin and adenosine receptors, chemicals custom tailored to bind at these sites are most effective at altering respiratory rhythm.Adenosine modulates the preBötC output via activation of the A1 and A2A receptor subtypes. An adenosine A1 receptor agonist has been shown to depress preBötC rhythmogenesis independent of the neurotransmitters GABA and glycine in ""in vitro"" preparations from 0-7 day old mice. Another synthetic drug specific to the adenosine A2A receptor subtype is CGS-21680 that has been shown to cause apneas in 14-21 day old rat pups in vivo. For this reason, it has been used as a model to study pathological conditions such as apnea of prematurity and SIDS in neonatal infants.