Selectivity and sparseness in the responses of striate complex cells
... more fully in Section 2. These measures seek to pick out pdfs that are ‘‘peakier’’ than a Gaussian, and with heavier tails. Such distributions indicate responses that are close to spontaneous levels for most stimuli but occasionally are much larger, with intermediate responses being less common tha ...
... more fully in Section 2. These measures seek to pick out pdfs that are ‘‘peakier’’ than a Gaussian, and with heavier tails. Such distributions indicate responses that are close to spontaneous levels for most stimuli but occasionally are much larger, with intermediate responses being less common tha ...
The Neural Basis of Human Error Processing: Reinforcement
... cingulate cortex. On the other hand, other researchers have argued that the mesencephalic dopamine system conveys reinforcement learning signals to the basal ganglia and frontal cortex, where they are used to facilitate the development of adaptive motor programs. Although the reinforcement learning ...
... cingulate cortex. On the other hand, other researchers have argued that the mesencephalic dopamine system conveys reinforcement learning signals to the basal ganglia and frontal cortex, where they are used to facilitate the development of adaptive motor programs. Although the reinforcement learning ...
06-pons + midbrain
... Dorsal (tegmental) part of Rostral Pons at level of 4 lemnisci : Types of fibres in the S.C.P. : (A) Afferent fibres : 1-ventral spino-cerebellar tract : it carries proprioceptive impulses from the limbs to cerebellum. 2-tecto-cerebellar tract : it carries auditory & visual impulses from tectum of ...
... Dorsal (tegmental) part of Rostral Pons at level of 4 lemnisci : Types of fibres in the S.C.P. : (A) Afferent fibres : 1-ventral spino-cerebellar tract : it carries proprioceptive impulses from the limbs to cerebellum. 2-tecto-cerebellar tract : it carries auditory & visual impulses from tectum of ...
Information Processing at the Calyx of Held Under Natural Conditions
... The medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB) is probably one of the best studied nuclei in the mammalian brain. The system is studied so well because the synapses found in this nucleus, the so-called calyces of Held, are extraordinarily big compared to almost all other synapses. Therefore, they a ...
... The medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB) is probably one of the best studied nuclei in the mammalian brain. The system is studied so well because the synapses found in this nucleus, the so-called calyces of Held, are extraordinarily big compared to almost all other synapses. Therefore, they a ...
Timescales of Inference in Visual Adaptation
... nonrectified, the r.m.s. current was fit with the same function. The exponential amplitude A and baseline c did not change significantly as a function of the switching period (not shown). Figure 1E shows the population average time constant as a function of period. The average effective time constan ...
... nonrectified, the r.m.s. current was fit with the same function. The exponential amplitude A and baseline c did not change significantly as a function of the switching period (not shown). Figure 1E shows the population average time constant as a function of period. The average effective time constan ...
The Medial Frontal Cortex and the Rapid Processing of Monetary
... refer to this potential as the medial-frontal negativity (MFN). A possible explanation for the MFN is that it simply reflects error detection—a signal that the person’s response was not correct. Such an explanation is plausible, because medial-frontal scalp-recorded electrical activity known as the ...
... refer to this potential as the medial-frontal negativity (MFN). A possible explanation for the MFN is that it simply reflects error detection—a signal that the person’s response was not correct. Such an explanation is plausible, because medial-frontal scalp-recorded electrical activity known as the ...
Duration Tuning across Vertebrates
... species-specific acoustic signals. Neural specializations for representing spectral (frequency) and temporal (timing) components of sound are found from the auditory periphery to the auditory cortex. Mammals first determine sound frequencies in the cochlea where mechanical properties of the basilar ...
... species-specific acoustic signals. Neural specializations for representing spectral (frequency) and temporal (timing) components of sound are found from the auditory periphery to the auditory cortex. Mammals first determine sound frequencies in the cochlea where mechanical properties of the basilar ...
The organization of the central control of micturition in cats and
... gression and defensive behavior, and important for the survival of the species, like maternal and reproductive behavior. Each of these reactions consists of a specific array of motor activities and level setting mechanisms. In order to control this specific array specific parts of the PAG project to ...
... gression and defensive behavior, and important for the survival of the species, like maternal and reproductive behavior. Each of these reactions consists of a specific array of motor activities and level setting mechanisms. In order to control this specific array specific parts of the PAG project to ...
Lab 10 – Nervous Tissue Nervous Tissue
... activities of the body’s cells and organs through conduction of electrical impulses and secretion of chemical neurotransmitters. ...
... activities of the body’s cells and organs through conduction of electrical impulses and secretion of chemical neurotransmitters. ...
Chapter 29 - krigolson teaching
... extends to the neglect of the contralateral half of individual objects. Patients with right parietal deficits often have difficulty reproducing drawings. When asked to draw a clock, for example, they may force all of the numbers into the right side of the face (see Figure 17–11), or when asked to dr ...
... extends to the neglect of the contralateral half of individual objects. Patients with right parietal deficits often have difficulty reproducing drawings. When asked to draw a clock, for example, they may force all of the numbers into the right side of the face (see Figure 17–11), or when asked to dr ...
Foundation and practice of neurofeedback for the treatment of epilepsy
... activity, the globus pallidus becomes more active, thereby imposing inhibition upon its thalamic relays to motor cortex. This inhibition would alter involuntary motor regulation, reducing muscle tone and the intention to move. Consistent with an activation of striatal inhibitory mechanisms, the stud ...
... activity, the globus pallidus becomes more active, thereby imposing inhibition upon its thalamic relays to motor cortex. This inhibition would alter involuntary motor regulation, reducing muscle tone and the intention to move. Consistent with an activation of striatal inhibitory mechanisms, the stud ...
PDF - Journal of Neuroscience
... mm, angle 0°) and scleral search coils (Judge et al., 1980). The recording chambers, eye coil connectors, and a head holder were embedded in a dental acrylic cap covering the calvarium. Surgery under general anesthesia used inhaled isoflurane, with banamine (1 mg/kg, i.m.) postoperative analgesia. A ...
... mm, angle 0°) and scleral search coils (Judge et al., 1980). The recording chambers, eye coil connectors, and a head holder were embedded in a dental acrylic cap covering the calvarium. Surgery under general anesthesia used inhaled isoflurane, with banamine (1 mg/kg, i.m.) postoperative analgesia. A ...
Feeling others` painful actions: The sensorimotor
... which relevant somatosensory brain regions may support the action understanding task. First, they may simply be involved in coding sensory-tactile qualities of the objects. If this is the case, some regions should show a preference for actions involving noxious objects, irrespective of whether they ...
... which relevant somatosensory brain regions may support the action understanding task. First, they may simply be involved in coding sensory-tactile qualities of the objects. If this is the case, some regions should show a preference for actions involving noxious objects, irrespective of whether they ...
Somatosensory cortex functional connectivity
... responses to vibrotactile stimulation in ASD would achieve this goal. In healthy individuals, vibrotactile stimulations on the fingertips dramatically increase the behaviourally measured temporal separation threshold needed for distinguishing between two consecutive tactile pulses, but no such effect ...
... responses to vibrotactile stimulation in ASD would achieve this goal. In healthy individuals, vibrotactile stimulations on the fingertips dramatically increase the behaviourally measured temporal separation threshold needed for distinguishing between two consecutive tactile pulses, but no such effect ...
Long, intrinsic horizontal axons radiating through and beyond rat
... oxidase staining were copied into separate layers of Adobe Illustrator files and aligned to one other by matching the locations of blood vessels. Barrels and boundaries of other sensory cortices (Wong-Riley and Welt 1980; Wallace 1987) were identified and traced in reference to these sections. Locat ...
... oxidase staining were copied into separate layers of Adobe Illustrator files and aligned to one other by matching the locations of blood vessels. Barrels and boundaries of other sensory cortices (Wong-Riley and Welt 1980; Wallace 1987) were identified and traced in reference to these sections. Locat ...
Time course of the development of motor behaviors in the zebrafish
... VCR (Panasonic S-VHS), which was sufficient to resolve the direction, speed, and duration of slow, spontaneous contractions. For the resolution of fast movements, e.g., during touch responses, the specimen was illuminated by a strobe light set to 250 Hz (Strobotac 1531-A; General Radio Co.), permitt ...
... VCR (Panasonic S-VHS), which was sufficient to resolve the direction, speed, and duration of slow, spontaneous contractions. For the resolution of fast movements, e.g., during touch responses, the specimen was illuminated by a strobe light set to 250 Hz (Strobotac 1531-A; General Radio Co.), permitt ...
Neuronal Correlates of Sensorimotor Association in Stimulus
... incongruent movement is initiated. In a second study, Alexander and Crutcher (1990) trained 4 monkeys to move a cursor to track targets on a display screen by extending or flexing the forearm. The cursor and forearm moved either in the same (congruent) or in the opposite (incongruent) direction in s ...
... incongruent movement is initiated. In a second study, Alexander and Crutcher (1990) trained 4 monkeys to move a cursor to track targets on a display screen by extending or flexing the forearm. The cursor and forearm moved either in the same (congruent) or in the opposite (incongruent) direction in s ...
Functionally Independent Columns of Rat Somatosensory Barrel
... Diamond, 2000). The spatial resolution of extracellular unit recordings is low, and they do not measure subthreshold responses. Higher spatial resolution (but without temporal resolution) single whisker responses has been obtained from 2-deoxyglucose uptake ...
... Diamond, 2000). The spatial resolution of extracellular unit recordings is low, and they do not measure subthreshold responses. Higher spatial resolution (but without temporal resolution) single whisker responses has been obtained from 2-deoxyglucose uptake ...
download file
... narrower than PAF sites (Fig. 1, A and C). In both control and experimental animals, the bandwidths 30 dB above threshold of A1 neurons were about 2 octaves (Fig. 2, C and D). The peak latencies for A1 sites were shorter than PAF, usually within 10 –20 ms after tone onset (Fig. 1B). There was no sig ...
... narrower than PAF sites (Fig. 1, A and C). In both control and experimental animals, the bandwidths 30 dB above threshold of A1 neurons were about 2 octaves (Fig. 2, C and D). The peak latencies for A1 sites were shorter than PAF, usually within 10 –20 ms after tone onset (Fig. 1B). There was no sig ...
LFP Power Spectra in V1 Cortex: The Graded Effect of Stimulus
... sensitive along a variety of stimulus dimensions, including: orientation, spatial frequency, temporal frequency, size, position, contrast, and color. For a single unit in V1, a stimulus value along these dimensions can be found that produces a maximum steady-state firing rate by measuring tuning cur ...
... sensitive along a variety of stimulus dimensions, including: orientation, spatial frequency, temporal frequency, size, position, contrast, and color. For a single unit in V1, a stimulus value along these dimensions can be found that produces a maximum steady-state firing rate by measuring tuning cur ...
07-pons + midbrain2009-03-24 08:441.9 MB
... carries proprioceptive impulses from the limbs to cerebellum. 2-tecto-cerebellar tract : it carries auditory & visual impulses from tectum of midbrain to cerebellum. (B)Efferent fibres : 1-Dendato-rubral tract : it is concerned with coordination of movement. it ends in red nucleus of midbrain – thal ...
... carries proprioceptive impulses from the limbs to cerebellum. 2-tecto-cerebellar tract : it carries auditory & visual impulses from tectum of midbrain to cerebellum. (B)Efferent fibres : 1-Dendato-rubral tract : it is concerned with coordination of movement. it ends in red nucleus of midbrain – thal ...
Seana Coulson, Jonathan W. King and Marta Kutas
... component properly includes its "scalp distribution" (i.e. the pattern of relative amplitudes the component has across all recording sites). The "latency" of a peak is usually defined as the time point where the component reaches its largest amplitude. Thus a frequent convention for labelling peaks ...
... component properly includes its "scalp distribution" (i.e. the pattern of relative amplitudes the component has across all recording sites). The "latency" of a peak is usually defined as the time point where the component reaches its largest amplitude. Thus a frequent convention for labelling peaks ...
Dynamics of sensory thalamocortical synaptic networks during
... Understanding how the brain acquires, analyzes, stores and retrieves sensory information is one of the most compelling questions in neuroscience. Central to information processing, are neural networks that interconnect the thalamus and the neocortex. Rather than being static, these neural pathways a ...
... Understanding how the brain acquires, analyzes, stores and retrieves sensory information is one of the most compelling questions in neuroscience. Central to information processing, are neural networks that interconnect the thalamus and the neocortex. Rather than being static, these neural pathways a ...
Differential GABAB Receptor Modulation of Ethanol Effects on
... bipolar twisted tungsten wire electrodes (0.2-ms pulses of 3– 8 V), one placed in the stratum lacunosum-moleculare layer (for distal stimulation) and the other within 250 m of the recorded cell soma in the CA1 stratum pyramidale (for proximal stimulation), as illustrated in Fig. 1A. An interstimula ...
... bipolar twisted tungsten wire electrodes (0.2-ms pulses of 3– 8 V), one placed in the stratum lacunosum-moleculare layer (for distal stimulation) and the other within 250 m of the recorded cell soma in the CA1 stratum pyramidale (for proximal stimulation), as illustrated in Fig. 1A. An interstimula ...
Activity of Neurons in Anterior Inferior Temporal Cortex during a
... each of which makes different assumptions about the distributions. In a previous study (Miller et al., 199 1b), we used logistic regression. However, discriminant analysis often does better at discriminating among more than two classes and thus was employed in the present study. We also made use of ...
... each of which makes different assumptions about the distributions. In a previous study (Miller et al., 199 1b), we used logistic regression. However, discriminant analysis often does better at discriminating among more than two classes and thus was employed in the present study. We also made use of ...