Rapid Taste Responses in the Gustatory Cortex during Licking
... between tastants [i.e., the coefficients of the model that corresponded to reinforcement and to the tastants were required to be significant (all values of p ⬍ 0.05)]. To test the ability of the model to fit the data accurately, a 90% predictive interval was constructed around each of the fitted val ...
... between tastants [i.e., the coefficients of the model that corresponded to reinforcement and to the tastants were required to be significant (all values of p ⬍ 0.05)]. To test the ability of the model to fit the data accurately, a 90% predictive interval was constructed around each of the fitted val ...
Rapid Taste Responses in the Gustatory Cortex
... between tastants [i.e., the coefficients of the model that corresponded to reinforcement and to the tastants were required to be significant (all values of p ' 0.05)]. To test the ability of the model to fit the data accurately, a 90% predictive interval was constructed around each of the fitted val ...
... between tastants [i.e., the coefficients of the model that corresponded to reinforcement and to the tastants were required to be significant (all values of p ' 0.05)]. To test the ability of the model to fit the data accurately, a 90% predictive interval was constructed around each of the fitted val ...
Brainstem Nuclei and Tracts
... • Afferent fibers to the superior colliculus are coming from occipital lobe. Corticotectal fibers come from visual cortex of occipital lobe and an area in front lobe, called frontal eye field, make up the most of superior brachium ipsilaterally. • Efferent fibers from superior colliculus are then di ...
... • Afferent fibers to the superior colliculus are coming from occipital lobe. Corticotectal fibers come from visual cortex of occipital lobe and an area in front lobe, called frontal eye field, make up the most of superior brachium ipsilaterally. • Efferent fibers from superior colliculus are then di ...
Somatotopic mapping of natural upper- and lower
... four patients, and observed values in the same range as for upper extremities (analyzed in six patients). Speech-related responses in the three investigated patients, however, exhibited only a very low sensitivity. The present findings indicate that localization of not only upper- but also lower-extr ...
... four patients, and observed values in the same range as for upper extremities (analyzed in six patients). Speech-related responses in the three investigated patients, however, exhibited only a very low sensitivity. The present findings indicate that localization of not only upper- but also lower-extr ...
State dependent activity in monkey visual cortex
... Summary. Responses were recorded from isolated neurons in the visual cortex of rhesus monkeys while they performed an orientation match to sample task. In each trial the animal was first cued with randomly selected orientation, and then presented with a sequence of gratings whose orientations were r ...
... Summary. Responses were recorded from isolated neurons in the visual cortex of rhesus monkeys while they performed an orientation match to sample task. In each trial the animal was first cued with randomly selected orientation, and then presented with a sequence of gratings whose orientations were r ...
Clarke`s column neurons as the focus of a corticospinal corollary circuit
... excitatory and/or indirect inhibitory inputs from descending corticospinal axons. The convergence of these descending inhibitory and excitatory inputs to Clarke’s column neurons established local spinal circuits with the capacity to mark or modulate incoming proprioceptive input. Together, our genet ...
... excitatory and/or indirect inhibitory inputs from descending corticospinal axons. The convergence of these descending inhibitory and excitatory inputs to Clarke’s column neurons established local spinal circuits with the capacity to mark or modulate incoming proprioceptive input. Together, our genet ...
Towards the utilization of EEG as a brain imaging tool
... GFP of the average map be elevated compared to an empirical distribution identified using a randomization test that shuffled the data at each electrode from each measurement contributing to the average. Significant GFP increases and thus the existence of a component that is above noise can be determine ...
... GFP of the average map be elevated compared to an empirical distribution identified using a randomization test that shuffled the data at each electrode from each measurement contributing to the average. Significant GFP increases and thus the existence of a component that is above noise can be determine ...
Autonomic Nervous System
... • Neurons have one behavior property in common with muscles: Irritability – the ability to respond to a stimulus. • However, neurons have an aspect of irritability that muscles DO NOT have: converting stimuli into nerve impulses. • Nerve impulse = a tiny electrical charge that transmits information ...
... • Neurons have one behavior property in common with muscles: Irritability – the ability to respond to a stimulus. • However, neurons have an aspect of irritability that muscles DO NOT have: converting stimuli into nerve impulses. • Nerve impulse = a tiny electrical charge that transmits information ...
ACTION POTENTIAL THRESHOLD OF HIPPOCAMPAL
... properties of action potential thresholds for hippocampal neurons using in vivo intracellular recording methods in Sprague^Dawley rats. The use of in vivo recording has the advantage of the presence of naturally occurring spatiotemporal patterns of synaptic activity which lead to action potential in ...
... properties of action potential thresholds for hippocampal neurons using in vivo intracellular recording methods in Sprague^Dawley rats. The use of in vivo recording has the advantage of the presence of naturally occurring spatiotemporal patterns of synaptic activity which lead to action potential in ...
Task-dependent plasticity of spectrotemporal receptive fields in
... (STRFs) in primary auditory cortex of the behaving ferret are reviewed in the context of current research on cortical plasticity. Ferrets were trained on spectral tasks, including tone detection and two-tone discrimination, and on temporal tasks, including gap detection and click-rate discrimination ...
... (STRFs) in primary auditory cortex of the behaving ferret are reviewed in the context of current research on cortical plasticity. Ferrets were trained on spectral tasks, including tone detection and two-tone discrimination, and on temporal tasks, including gap detection and click-rate discrimination ...
Adaptation of Firing Rate and Spike
... injections were recorded in whole-cell current-clamp mode (Fig. 1). Noise stimuli were chosen over other stimulus types such as steps and pulses because long steps elicit only a single onset spike in these neurons, whereas the effect of adaptation during trains of pulses may be discontinuous and dep ...
... injections were recorded in whole-cell current-clamp mode (Fig. 1). Noise stimuli were chosen over other stimulus types such as steps and pulses because long steps elicit only a single onset spike in these neurons, whereas the effect of adaptation during trains of pulses may be discontinuous and dep ...
THE NEUROBIOLOGY OF VISUAL-SACCADIC DECISION MAKING
... making have come under scrutiny, principally in the visual-saccadic system of awake-behaving primates. The first of these classes, deterministic sensorimotor behaviors of the kind Sherrington examined in the spinal cord a century ago, is an area where particular progress has been made. Perceptual si ...
... making have come under scrutiny, principally in the visual-saccadic system of awake-behaving primates. The first of these classes, deterministic sensorimotor behaviors of the kind Sherrington examined in the spinal cord a century ago, is an area where particular progress has been made. Perceptual si ...
A Cholinergic Mechanism for Reward Timing within Primary Visual Cortex Please share
... The first set of experiments utilized the behavioral protocol previously established in adult male Long-Evans rats by Shuler and Bear (2006) and was designed to distinguish between a requirement for local BF cholinergic input in the acquisition vs. the expression of reward timing activity. Water-res ...
... The first set of experiments utilized the behavioral protocol previously established in adult male Long-Evans rats by Shuler and Bear (2006) and was designed to distinguish between a requirement for local BF cholinergic input in the acquisition vs. the expression of reward timing activity. Water-res ...
ROLE OF EARLY ACOUSTIC EXPERIENCE IN DEVELOPMENT OF THE RAT by
... used Golgi-Cox staining to visualize morphological correlates of experience-dependent changes in neuron functioning. Long- and short-term plasticity mediate synaptic strengthening in sensory cortices in response to postnatal sensory experience. I assessed levels of long-term plasticity (using longte ...
... used Golgi-Cox staining to visualize morphological correlates of experience-dependent changes in neuron functioning. Long- and short-term plasticity mediate synaptic strengthening in sensory cortices in response to postnatal sensory experience. I assessed levels of long-term plasticity (using longte ...
nerve part 1
... • 1) It is localized to the site of stimulation and nearby area. • 2) During conduction, it decreases gradually with distance till it disappears (conducted with decrement) • 3) Its duration is very short (less than 1 m. sec). • 4) Can be graded: its magnitude is proportional with the strength of the ...
... • 1) It is localized to the site of stimulation and nearby area. • 2) During conduction, it decreases gradually with distance till it disappears (conducted with decrement) • 3) Its duration is very short (less than 1 m. sec). • 4) Can be graded: its magnitude is proportional with the strength of the ...
The Structure of Spatial Receptive Fields of Neurons in Primary
... were used, and sound-source directions were referred to the same spherical coordinate system centered on the cat’s interaural plane that covered 3608 in azimuth and 1268 in elevation. Measurements were not made at elevations below 2368 (Musicant et al., 1990) and thus were not represented in our VAS ...
... were used, and sound-source directions were referred to the same spherical coordinate system centered on the cat’s interaural plane that covered 3608 in azimuth and 1268 in elevation. Measurements were not made at elevations below 2368 (Musicant et al., 1990) and thus were not represented in our VAS ...
Chapter 3
... • The nerve impulses for conscious proprioception and most tactile sensations ascend to the cortex along a common pathway formed by three-neuron sets (Figure 16.16a). • These neurons are a part of the posterior (dorsal) columns – consist of the gracile fasciculus and cuneate fasciculus • Impulses co ...
... • The nerve impulses for conscious proprioception and most tactile sensations ascend to the cortex along a common pathway formed by three-neuron sets (Figure 16.16a). • These neurons are a part of the posterior (dorsal) columns – consist of the gracile fasciculus and cuneate fasciculus • Impulses co ...
Chapter 3
... • The nerve impulses for conscious proprioception and most tactile sensations ascend to the cortex along a common pathway formed by three-neuron sets (Figure 16.16a). • These neurons are a part of the posterior (dorsal) columns – consist of the gracile fasciculus and cuneate fasciculus • Impulses co ...
... • The nerve impulses for conscious proprioception and most tactile sensations ascend to the cortex along a common pathway formed by three-neuron sets (Figure 16.16a). • These neurons are a part of the posterior (dorsal) columns – consist of the gracile fasciculus and cuneate fasciculus • Impulses co ...
Molekuláris bionika és Infobionika Szakok tananyagának
... ARE THE TRIGGERS RECEPTOR. HEAT AND PAIN RECEPTORS IN THE SKIN AFFERENT PATH. THIN, MYELINATED AND UNMYELEINATED AXONS OF PSEUDOUNIPOLAR CELLS OF SPINAL GANGLIA ...
... ARE THE TRIGGERS RECEPTOR. HEAT AND PAIN RECEPTORS IN THE SKIN AFFERENT PATH. THIN, MYELINATED AND UNMYELEINATED AXONS OF PSEUDOUNIPOLAR CELLS OF SPINAL GANGLIA ...
PDF Document
... Fig. 1. Challenges of optogenetically targeting cells outside of the brain. (A) Wide variations in ex- Strategies that use gene therapy viral vecpression of opsin proteins, tissue structure, and the mechanical environment of the peripheral nervous sys- tors to deliver DNA are more tractable tem may ...
... Fig. 1. Challenges of optogenetically targeting cells outside of the brain. (A) Wide variations in ex- Strategies that use gene therapy viral vecpression of opsin proteins, tissue structure, and the mechanical environment of the peripheral nervous sys- tors to deliver DNA are more tractable tem may ...
Neural Mechanisms of Reflex Reversal in Coxo
... Boyan 1988; Cattaert et al. 1992; Eccles et al. 1962; Kennedy et al. 1974). This blockade of sensory inflow is essential to block the monosynaptic pathway from primary afferents to MNs. However, at least some sensory inputs may be not blocked by presynaptic inhibition to allow the polysynaptic assis ...
... Boyan 1988; Cattaert et al. 1992; Eccles et al. 1962; Kennedy et al. 1974). This blockade of sensory inflow is essential to block the monosynaptic pathway from primary afferents to MNs. However, at least some sensory inputs may be not blocked by presynaptic inhibition to allow the polysynaptic assis ...
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... 28) Natural selection tends to correlate the structures of a nervous system with an animal's interaction with the environment. A good example are sessile or slow-moving mollusks such as clams, which A) have little or no cephalization and simple sense organs. B) use chemical synapses to process compl ...
... 28) Natural selection tends to correlate the structures of a nervous system with an animal's interaction with the environment. A good example are sessile or slow-moving mollusks such as clams, which A) have little or no cephalization and simple sense organs. B) use chemical synapses to process compl ...
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... 28) Natural selection tends to correlate the structures of a nervous system with an animal's interaction with the environment. A good example are sessile or slow-moving mollusks such as clams, which A) have little or no cephalization and simple sense organs. B) use chemical synapses to process compl ...
... 28) Natural selection tends to correlate the structures of a nervous system with an animal's interaction with the environment. A good example are sessile or slow-moving mollusks such as clams, which A) have little or no cephalization and simple sense organs. B) use chemical synapses to process compl ...
Motion sensitive cells in the macaque superior
... an apparatus that produced visual motion of a projected two-dimensional patterned stimulus. Single unit responses from STP were recorded and response:~ to visual motion, produced externally by the experimenter, were compared to the responses to visual motion (of the same pattern) produced by the mon ...
... an apparatus that produced visual motion of a projected two-dimensional patterned stimulus. Single unit responses from STP were recorded and response:~ to visual motion, produced externally by the experimenter, were compared to the responses to visual motion (of the same pattern) produced by the mon ...
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... physiological changes consequent to environmental enrichment has been studied in the primary sensory cortex. However, non-primary sensory cortices occupy a greater proportion of the cortex involved in sensory processing. In the first part of the dissertation I explored the physiological consequences ...
... physiological changes consequent to environmental enrichment has been studied in the primary sensory cortex. However, non-primary sensory cortices occupy a greater proportion of the cortex involved in sensory processing. In the first part of the dissertation I explored the physiological consequences ...