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... enriched housing cage had four levels linked by ramps (Fig. 1B). Hanging chains and wind chimes hung over the entrance of two levels and produced unique sounds with rat movements. A rat’s movement onto two of the three ramps triggered delivery of a ramp-specific tone (lowest ramp ⫽ 2.1 kHz; highest ...
... enriched housing cage had four levels linked by ramps (Fig. 1B). Hanging chains and wind chimes hung over the entrance of two levels and produced unique sounds with rat movements. A rat’s movement onto two of the three ramps triggered delivery of a ramp-specific tone (lowest ramp ⫽ 2.1 kHz; highest ...
Peripheral Neuropathy
... • The temporal course of a neuropathy varies, based on the etiology. – With trauma or ischemic infarction, the onset will be acute, with the most severe symptoms at onset. – Inflammatory and some metabolic neuropathies have a subacute course extending over days to weeks. – A chronic course over week ...
... • The temporal course of a neuropathy varies, based on the etiology. – With trauma or ischemic infarction, the onset will be acute, with the most severe symptoms at onset. – Inflammatory and some metabolic neuropathies have a subacute course extending over days to weeks. – A chronic course over week ...
Rebound spiking properties of mouse medial entorhinal cortex neurons in vivo NEUROSYSTEMS
... Fig. 3. Hyperpolarizing current stimulation at specific input phases of the oscillation increased the probability of subsequent spikes at the peak of the oscillation in some neurons. (A) Polar plot of the input phase of hyperpolarizing current stimulation that elicited subsequent spikes of a putative ...
... Fig. 3. Hyperpolarizing current stimulation at specific input phases of the oscillation increased the probability of subsequent spikes at the peak of the oscillation in some neurons. (A) Polar plot of the input phase of hyperpolarizing current stimulation that elicited subsequent spikes of a putative ...
Chapter 45: Sensory Systems
... which send their axons in the optic nerve to the brain. • Between the photoreceptors and ganglion cells are neurons that process information from the photoreceptors. Review Figure 45.24 ...
... which send their axons in the optic nerve to the brain. • Between the photoreceptors and ganglion cells are neurons that process information from the photoreceptors. Review Figure 45.24 ...
pain and emotion interactions in subregions of the cingulate gyrus
... location and intensity of noxious stimuli. However, somatosensory localization and intensity coding are not necessarily linked with emotional responses if they are processed in different parts of the brain . Moreover, the linkage of pain and its affective (autonomic) substrates in the brain was not ...
... location and intensity of noxious stimuli. However, somatosensory localization and intensity coding are not necessarily linked with emotional responses if they are processed in different parts of the brain . Moreover, the linkage of pain and its affective (autonomic) substrates in the brain was not ...
A Hebbian learning rule gives rise to mirror neurons and links them
... sensory area. This is in exact analogy to the theory of support vector regression approaches from machine learning, in which low dimensional non-linear maps can be well-approximated by high dimensional linear maps (Smola and Schölkopf, 2004). Thus, for our purposes, all we assume is that there exist ...
... sensory area. This is in exact analogy to the theory of support vector regression approaches from machine learning, in which low dimensional non-linear maps can be well-approximated by high dimensional linear maps (Smola and Schölkopf, 2004). Thus, for our purposes, all we assume is that there exist ...
The precision of value-based choices depends causally on
... of neural activity in several widely distributed brain regions2,3. For instance, to answer whether we want chicken or pasta, we must process the incoming sensory signals (for example, in terms of colour, shape, size, frequency and so on) to recognize the choice alternatives3,4, compute and compare t ...
... of neural activity in several widely distributed brain regions2,3. For instance, to answer whether we want chicken or pasta, we must process the incoming sensory signals (for example, in terms of colour, shape, size, frequency and so on) to recognize the choice alternatives3,4, compute and compare t ...
Role of Cerebral Cortex in Voluntary Movements
... reentrant loops.11 Motor cortex is also influenced by two, major, sensory feedback loops. One of these (dorsal column pathway) provides relatively direct feedback for use in reflex compensation; the other (spinocerebellar pathway) goes first through the cerebellum, which, in turn, can alter activity ...
... reentrant loops.11 Motor cortex is also influenced by two, major, sensory feedback loops. One of these (dorsal column pathway) provides relatively direct feedback for use in reflex compensation; the other (spinocerebellar pathway) goes first through the cerebellum, which, in turn, can alter activity ...
3-Morpholinylsydnonimine Inhibits Glutamatergic Transmission in
... investigated the effect of an active peroxynitrite decomposition catalyst FeTPPS (Trackey et al., 2001) on SIN-1–mediated synaptic inhibition. Application of FeTPPS (25 M) itself had no consistent effect on the EPSCs (102.4 ⫾ 2.6% of baseline; n ⫽ 5, p ⬎ 0.05, paired Student’s t test) but prevented ...
... investigated the effect of an active peroxynitrite decomposition catalyst FeTPPS (Trackey et al., 2001) on SIN-1–mediated synaptic inhibition. Application of FeTPPS (25 M) itself had no consistent effect on the EPSCs (102.4 ⫾ 2.6% of baseline; n ⫽ 5, p ⬎ 0.05, paired Student’s t test) but prevented ...
Forebrain Origins and Terminations of the Medial Forebrain Bundle
... of long, thin myelinated axons descending from forebrain nuclei to the anterior ventral tegmentum (C. Bielajew and P. Shizgal, manuscript submitted for publication; Gallistel et al., 1981). The detailed quantitative information from these new behavioral methods makes it reasonable to use microelectr ...
... of long, thin myelinated axons descending from forebrain nuclei to the anterior ventral tegmentum (C. Bielajew and P. Shizgal, manuscript submitted for publication; Gallistel et al., 1981). The detailed quantitative information from these new behavioral methods makes it reasonable to use microelectr ...
Spinal Cord Neural Modeling for Clinical Applications
... The text of this thesis and the accompanying table and figure captions, citations, and bibliography were written solely by the author Nicolae Adrian Iftimia; however, the information presented herein describes not only the work of the author but the collective efforts of the research team Arle et al ...
... The text of this thesis and the accompanying table and figure captions, citations, and bibliography were written solely by the author Nicolae Adrian Iftimia; however, the information presented herein describes not only the work of the author but the collective efforts of the research team Arle et al ...
Descending Inhibitory Systems
... nigrostriatal dopamine system may cause not only motor disorders but also chronic pain. Further studies are needed to determine potential dysfunctions of other neurotransmitter systems in pain inhibitory pathways and their possible relationship with chronic pain. (e) Diffuse Noxious Inhibitory Contr ...
... nigrostriatal dopamine system may cause not only motor disorders but also chronic pain. Further studies are needed to determine potential dysfunctions of other neurotransmitter systems in pain inhibitory pathways and their possible relationship with chronic pain. (e) Diffuse Noxious Inhibitory Contr ...
Distinct core thalamocortical pathways to central and dorsal primary
... Available online 8 December 2010 ...
... Available online 8 December 2010 ...
Stimuluslocked responses on human arm muscles reveal a rapid
... 1 ⁄ 3 and 2 ⁄ 3, rather than 1 ⁄ 4 and 3 ⁄ 4 as are often used, because we were primarily interested in estimating the onset of discrimination; that said, our results were not qualitatively changed by modestly changing the threshold or timing parameters. To determine if the EMG activity was linked t ...
... 1 ⁄ 3 and 2 ⁄ 3, rather than 1 ⁄ 4 and 3 ⁄ 4 as are often used, because we were primarily interested in estimating the onset of discrimination; that said, our results were not qualitatively changed by modestly changing the threshold or timing parameters. To determine if the EMG activity was linked t ...
response preparation and inhibition: the role of the
... function of time with sliding analysis windows. To detect the onset latency of event-related beta desynchronization, beta power in the prestimulus time interval [⫺90 ms, 0 ms] was used as the baseline for each condition in each monkey. Following stimulus onset, the time at which the averaged beta ba ...
... function of time with sliding analysis windows. To detect the onset latency of event-related beta desynchronization, beta power in the prestimulus time interval [⫺90 ms, 0 ms] was used as the baseline for each condition in each monkey. Following stimulus onset, the time at which the averaged beta ba ...
Transitional Probabilities Are Prioritized over Stimulus/Pattern
... novelty detection mechanisms with predictive processing based cognitive functions. We recorded ERP responses to three types of deviant tonetriplets presented among standard triplets, which alternated two tones with different pitches (e.g., low-high-low: L-H-L; see Fig. 1A). The deviant triplets were ...
... novelty detection mechanisms with predictive processing based cognitive functions. We recorded ERP responses to three types of deviant tonetriplets presented among standard triplets, which alternated two tones with different pitches (e.g., low-high-low: L-H-L; see Fig. 1A). The deviant triplets were ...
Cortical cfos Expression Reveals Broad Receptive Field Excitatory
... Principal Whisker Stimulation Evokes Similar Subthreshold Responses in fosGFP+ and fosGFP– Neurons Dual whole-cell recordings allowed us to compare not only the firing rates of layer 2 neurons but also the subthreshold synaptic input that drives spiking. The short latency sensory-evoked synaptic res ...
... Principal Whisker Stimulation Evokes Similar Subthreshold Responses in fosGFP+ and fosGFP– Neurons Dual whole-cell recordings allowed us to compare not only the firing rates of layer 2 neurons but also the subthreshold synaptic input that drives spiking. The short latency sensory-evoked synaptic res ...
MS word - University of Kentucky
... motor neurons can also be phasic or tonic. Phasic-type neurons rapidly adapt and phase-out their response when the source of the stimulus (i.e. the CNS) continues the stimulation in an unchanged manner. Thus, they may fire a burst of signals initially, but quickly decrease their signals over time un ...
... motor neurons can also be phasic or tonic. Phasic-type neurons rapidly adapt and phase-out their response when the source of the stimulus (i.e. the CNS) continues the stimulation in an unchanged manner. Thus, they may fire a burst of signals initially, but quickly decrease their signals over time un ...
J Neurophysiol - University of Connecticut
... support a direct comparison of multiple receptive field dimensions between thalamus and cortex. The choice of experimental stimulus is of particular importance because it constrains the sort of knowledge we can gain from a neural system. Traditional, spectrotemporally simple sounds have the advantag ...
... support a direct comparison of multiple receptive field dimensions between thalamus and cortex. The choice of experimental stimulus is of particular importance because it constrains the sort of knowledge we can gain from a neural system. Traditional, spectrotemporally simple sounds have the advantag ...
Effect of Tactile Inputs on Thalamic Responses to Noxious
... al. 1993; Rigamonti et al. 1978). A large number of neurons in the dorsal column nuclei (DCN) respond to both visceral and tactile stimulation (for review, see Al-Chaer et al. 1996a; Berkley and Hubscher 1995; Willis et al. 1999). Recent studies (e.g., Al-Chaer et al. 1996a– c, 1997a,b, 1998) have d ...
... al. 1993; Rigamonti et al. 1978). A large number of neurons in the dorsal column nuclei (DCN) respond to both visceral and tactile stimulation (for review, see Al-Chaer et al. 1996a; Berkley and Hubscher 1995; Willis et al. 1999). Recent studies (e.g., Al-Chaer et al. 1996a– c, 1997a,b, 1998) have d ...
Cross-modal Circuitry Between Auditory and
... Stein, 1986, 1996). Free-field auditory cues were electronically generated white noise bursts, 100 ms duration, 54–70 dB SPL on ‘A’ level. This stimulus was delivered through a speaker, mounted on 18″ diameter hoop [as also described in previous studies (Meredith and Stein, 1986, 1996)] and was posi ...
... Stein, 1986, 1996). Free-field auditory cues were electronically generated white noise bursts, 100 ms duration, 54–70 dB SPL on ‘A’ level. This stimulus was delivered through a speaker, mounted on 18″ diameter hoop [as also described in previous studies (Meredith and Stein, 1986, 1996)] and was posi ...
D2 receptor overexpression in the striatum leads to a deficit in
... control (n = 6, P = 0.77 for frequency and P = 0.82 for amplitude; Fig. 1C). Further analysis indicated that the input resistance (240.9 ± 10.9 MΩ in D2R-OE vs. 210.3 ± 10.8 MΩ in control, n = 10, P = 0.31) was not significantly altered, whereas the resting membrane potential (−71.2 ± 2.28 mV in D2R- ...
... control (n = 6, P = 0.77 for frequency and P = 0.82 for amplitude; Fig. 1C). Further analysis indicated that the input resistance (240.9 ± 10.9 MΩ in D2R-OE vs. 210.3 ± 10.8 MΩ in control, n = 10, P = 0.31) was not significantly altered, whereas the resting membrane potential (−71.2 ± 2.28 mV in D2R- ...
Precise visuotopic organization of the blind spot representation in
... placed 57.3 cm in front of the animals’ eyes. The positions of the BS and fovea were plotted onto the computer screen with a 180° reversible ophthalmoscope. Throughout the experimental session, we plotted the borders of the BS and tested the responsiveness of the neuron to small stimuli delivered th ...
... placed 57.3 cm in front of the animals’ eyes. The positions of the BS and fovea were plotted onto the computer screen with a 180° reversible ophthalmoscope. Throughout the experimental session, we plotted the borders of the BS and tested the responsiveness of the neuron to small stimuli delivered th ...
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... (area 3b). However, hand use rapidly improves over the first post-lesion weeks, and much of the hand representational territory in contralateral area 3b is reactivated by inputs from the hand in roughly a normal somatotopic pattern. Quantitative measures of single neuron response properties reveal t ...
... (area 3b). However, hand use rapidly improves over the first post-lesion weeks, and much of the hand representational territory in contralateral area 3b is reactivated by inputs from the hand in roughly a normal somatotopic pattern. Quantitative measures of single neuron response properties reveal t ...
Effects of galanin on wide-dynamic range neuron activity
... in capsaicin-sensitive primary sensory neurons, suggesting that this neuropeptide is involved in the transmission or modulation of nociceptive information at the spinal cord level [2,3]. Galanin inhibited the nociceptive flexor reflex [4], and the inhibitory effect of galanin on the flexor reflex wa ...
... in capsaicin-sensitive primary sensory neurons, suggesting that this neuropeptide is involved in the transmission or modulation of nociceptive information at the spinal cord level [2,3]. Galanin inhibited the nociceptive flexor reflex [4], and the inhibitory effect of galanin on the flexor reflex wa ...