Differential Spatial Organization of Otolith Signals in Frog Vestibular
... threshold for the postsynaptic N1 field potential component (Precht et al. 1974) was similar for each of the three otolith nerves and ranged between 1.5 and 2.6 A. Stimulus intensities were indicated as multiples of these threshold values (⫻T). N1 field potential components evoked at 4⫻T were used ...
... threshold for the postsynaptic N1 field potential component (Precht et al. 1974) was similar for each of the three otolith nerves and ranged between 1.5 and 2.6 A. Stimulus intensities were indicated as multiples of these threshold values (⫻T). N1 field potential components evoked at 4⫻T were used ...
Neural Correlates of Knowledge: Stable Representation of Stimulus
... the subject must identify the stimulus that has been paired with the cue (e.g., an umbrella). To perform correctly the subject must access their knowledge of the stimulus pairing at some time between when the cue is presented and the choice is made. Using the PA task, previous studies have shown tha ...
... the subject must identify the stimulus that has been paired with the cue (e.g., an umbrella). To perform correctly the subject must access their knowledge of the stimulus pairing at some time between when the cue is presented and the choice is made. Using the PA task, previous studies have shown tha ...
Three-dimensional auditory localization in the
... surroundings, including the call repetition rate, spectrotemporal profile, and sonar beam aim [9], directly influence the information available to the bat’s acoustic imaging system [5] (see inset for terminology). The sonar beam aim is particularly important, because the direction in which the bat t ...
... surroundings, including the call repetition rate, spectrotemporal profile, and sonar beam aim [9], directly influence the information available to the bat’s acoustic imaging system [5] (see inset for terminology). The sonar beam aim is particularly important, because the direction in which the bat t ...
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... cochlear nucleus, labeled cells in the following nonauditory structures (among others): cuneate nucleus, external cuneate nucleus, spinal trigeminal nucleus, Roller’s nucleus, pontine nuclei, lateral reticular nucleus, and inferior olive (Fig. 3). Labeled cells were also found in auditory structures ...
... cochlear nucleus, labeled cells in the following nonauditory structures (among others): cuneate nucleus, external cuneate nucleus, spinal trigeminal nucleus, Roller’s nucleus, pontine nuclei, lateral reticular nucleus, and inferior olive (Fig. 3). Labeled cells were also found in auditory structures ...
Probability of Transmitter Release at Neocortical
... Several lines of evidence suggest that the results of extensive studies of synaptic transmission in the hippocampus may not be directly applicable to the neocortex. First, the short-term plasticity, as studied with evoked field potentials, differs in the hippocampus and the neocortex (CastroAlamanco ...
... Several lines of evidence suggest that the results of extensive studies of synaptic transmission in the hippocampus may not be directly applicable to the neocortex. First, the short-term plasticity, as studied with evoked field potentials, differs in the hippocampus and the neocortex (CastroAlamanco ...
Mismatch Negativity: Different Water in the Same River
... involves discrete stimuli, two changes occur at the time of the deviant stimulus. The first change is the onset of the stimulus from the background which is usually quiet. This change occurs for the standard stimuli as well and is associated with an N1 response. The second change is the change in so ...
... involves discrete stimuli, two changes occur at the time of the deviant stimulus. The first change is the onset of the stimulus from the background which is usually quiet. This change occurs for the standard stimuli as well and is associated with an N1 response. The second change is the change in so ...
Spontaneous activity in developing sensory circuits
... of gestation, particularly during quiet sleep. During tracé discontinu, the cortical EEG is organized in intermittent bursts separated by periods of isoelectric EEG that could last for tens of seconds (Dreyfus-Brisac and Larroche, 1971). With maturation, the flat periods between bursts become progres ...
... of gestation, particularly during quiet sleep. During tracé discontinu, the cortical EEG is organized in intermittent bursts separated by periods of isoelectric EEG that could last for tens of seconds (Dreyfus-Brisac and Larroche, 1971). With maturation, the flat periods between bursts become progres ...
Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy
... and two–point discrimination sense)below the level of lesion . resulted from damage to the fasciculus gracilis and fasciculus cuneatus. Loss of the contralateral superficial sensation (pain & thermal Sense)below the level of lesion. resulted from damage to the lateral spinothalamic tract. Copy Righ ...
... and two–point discrimination sense)below the level of lesion . resulted from damage to the fasciculus gracilis and fasciculus cuneatus. Loss of the contralateral superficial sensation (pain & thermal Sense)below the level of lesion. resulted from damage to the lateral spinothalamic tract. Copy Righ ...
Genetically identified spinal interneurons integrating tactile afferents
... cord and are directed to the sensory areas of the brain via brain stem nuclei and the thalamus. At the cortical level, tactile information is processed, organized, and interpreted, which in turn, is used to guide behaviors by adjusting descending motor commands. In parallel to the perception of tact ...
... cord and are directed to the sensory areas of the brain via brain stem nuclei and the thalamus. At the cortical level, tactile information is processed, organized, and interpreted, which in turn, is used to guide behaviors by adjusting descending motor commands. In parallel to the perception of tact ...
Normalization as a canonical neural computation
... different brain regions or different species may implement it with different available components. Two established examples of canonical neural computations are exponentiation and linear filtering. Exponentiation, a form of thresholding, operates at the level of neurons and of networks3 — for exampl ...
... different brain regions or different species may implement it with different available components. Two established examples of canonical neural computations are exponentiation and linear filtering. Exponentiation, a form of thresholding, operates at the level of neurons and of networks3 — for exampl ...
A Circuit for Detection of Interaural Time Differences in the Brain
... This both allowed measurement of spikes within the nucleus laminaris and obviated the difficulties of extracellular recordings in the nucleus laminaris. Action potentials from single neurons in the nucleus laminaris are masked by the overwhelming field potential termed the neurophonic (Sullivan and ...
... This both allowed measurement of spikes within the nucleus laminaris and obviated the difficulties of extracellular recordings in the nucleus laminaris. Action potentials from single neurons in the nucleus laminaris are masked by the overwhelming field potential termed the neurophonic (Sullivan and ...
Convergence, Divergence, Pupillary Reactions and
... movements of convergence. The convergence movements were not constantly present, but were quite distinct. They were obtained from a focus overlying the most caudal part of the principal fissure and consisted of a n adduction of both eyeballs with a slight inclination downward. Though Russel does not ...
... movements of convergence. The convergence movements were not constantly present, but were quite distinct. They were obtained from a focus overlying the most caudal part of the principal fissure and consisted of a n adduction of both eyeballs with a slight inclination downward. Though Russel does not ...
Can the negative deflections found with EEG on frontocentral
... this manipulation and the fact that 20 No-go trials were given at each lenght, gives considerable doubt whether a No-go trial after the 3th Go-trial is more expected than after the 1st Go-trial. Therefor Smith et al., (2010) used a random sequence where the target and nontarget are equiprobable. Fo ...
... this manipulation and the fact that 20 No-go trials were given at each lenght, gives considerable doubt whether a No-go trial after the 3th Go-trial is more expected than after the 1st Go-trial. Therefor Smith et al., (2010) used a random sequence where the target and nontarget are equiprobable. Fo ...
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... debilitating leading many patients to seek medical attention. Based on neurobiological research, it is generally accepted that most forms of tinnitus are attributable to maladaptive plasticity due to damage to auditory system [6,7]. Changes in the inferior colliculus, the thalamus and the auditory c ...
... debilitating leading many patients to seek medical attention. Based on neurobiological research, it is generally accepted that most forms of tinnitus are attributable to maladaptive plasticity due to damage to auditory system [6,7]. Changes in the inferior colliculus, the thalamus and the auditory c ...
The Auditory System
... according to their latency into brain stem (ABR), middle latency (MLR) and cortical (ACR) AERs (Fig. 7.4). In humans, the ABR or BAEP is characterized by six or sometimes seven deflections (I–VII) in the first 9 ms after the stimulus. Waves I, III and V are of greatest interest since they reflect vo ...
... according to their latency into brain stem (ABR), middle latency (MLR) and cortical (ACR) AERs (Fig. 7.4). In humans, the ABR or BAEP is characterized by six or sometimes seven deflections (I–VII) in the first 9 ms after the stimulus. Waves I, III and V are of greatest interest since they reflect vo ...
Deep Brain stimulation in the Treatment of Dystonia – The
... therapies were used for movement disorders; however, stimulation has superseded this, as it is a non-‐destructive, reversible and adjustable technique.12 Therefore, it can be used bilaterally without risk of ...
... therapies were used for movement disorders; however, stimulation has superseded this, as it is a non-‐destructive, reversible and adjustable technique.12 Therefore, it can be used bilaterally without risk of ...
ORGANIZATION OF NEUROPIL
... tions. Areas of fiber interaction are usually clearly distinguished from surrounding fiber networks. The domain of a single neuron may be quite limited, but it often makes contact with other elements whose domain is extensive. The rigidity and preciseness of the fiber patterns is impressive. They us ...
... tions. Areas of fiber interaction are usually clearly distinguished from surrounding fiber networks. The domain of a single neuron may be quite limited, but it often makes contact with other elements whose domain is extensive. The rigidity and preciseness of the fiber patterns is impressive. They us ...
Delineation of a frequency-organized region isolated from the
... Submitted 21 November 2014; accepted in final form 17 February 2015 ...
... Submitted 21 November 2014; accepted in final form 17 February 2015 ...
NUCLEI-SPECIFIC RESPONSE TO PAIN IN THE BED NUCLEUS OF THE By
... agglutinin tracer driven by the Nav1.8 sodium channel gene. This type of channel is expressed exclusively on non-peptidergic C-fibres (Julius & McCleskey, 2006). Because the tracer was expressed only in non-peptidergic C-fibres and was able to transmit across synapses, Braz and colleagues (2005) wer ...
... agglutinin tracer driven by the Nav1.8 sodium channel gene. This type of channel is expressed exclusively on non-peptidergic C-fibres (Julius & McCleskey, 2006). Because the tracer was expressed only in non-peptidergic C-fibres and was able to transmit across synapses, Braz and colleagues (2005) wer ...
Gating of Sensory Input by Spontaneous Cortical Activity
... a semiautomatic algorithm (http://klustakwik.sourceforge.net) followed by manual clustering (http://klusters.sourceforge.net). Only neurons with firing rates higher than 1 Hz were used in further analysis, resulting in population sizes 17, 26, 32, and 45 for the four rats, respectively. After spike ...
... a semiautomatic algorithm (http://klustakwik.sourceforge.net) followed by manual clustering (http://klusters.sourceforge.net). Only neurons with firing rates higher than 1 Hz were used in further analysis, resulting in population sizes 17, 26, 32, and 45 for the four rats, respectively. After spike ...
Središnja medicinska knjižnica
... peripheral BTX-A suggest that the axonal transport of BTX-A occurs commonly following peripheral application. Highlights: > Peripheral BTX-A cleaves SNAP-25 in dorsal and ventral horn of the spinal cord. > Axonal transport of BTX-A occurs at low intramuscular dose.> BTX-A retrograde transport occurs ...
... peripheral BTX-A suggest that the axonal transport of BTX-A occurs commonly following peripheral application. Highlights: > Peripheral BTX-A cleaves SNAP-25 in dorsal and ventral horn of the spinal cord. > Axonal transport of BTX-A occurs at low intramuscular dose.> BTX-A retrograde transport occurs ...
Martin, Neuroscientist 2005
... The corticospinal system connects the frontal and anterior parietal lobes with the spinal gray matter. Early in development, corticospinal neurons are distributed throughout much of the frontal and parietal lobes, and parts of the occipital and temporal lobes, but their distribution is later restric ...
... The corticospinal system connects the frontal and anterior parietal lobes with the spinal gray matter. Early in development, corticospinal neurons are distributed throughout much of the frontal and parietal lobes, and parts of the occipital and temporal lobes, but their distribution is later restric ...
the effects of microstimulation and microlesions in the ventral and
... time histograms also could be computed (Fig. 2). Thus, accurate high resolution measurements could be obtained from the short latency responses to brainstem stimulation. Finally, these displays could be converted to hard copy printouts seen in Figures 2, 3, and 6. To examine the effects of multiple ...
... time histograms also could be computed (Fig. 2). Thus, accurate high resolution measurements could be obtained from the short latency responses to brainstem stimulation. Finally, these displays could be converted to hard copy printouts seen in Figures 2, 3, and 6. To examine the effects of multiple ...
Altered cortical and subcortical connectivity due to infrasound
... auditory system is equipped with several shunting and attenuation mechanisms, which are already involved in early stages of signal processing and make hearing at low frequencies quite insensitive [2–7]. However, the notion that IS cannot be processed within the auditory system has been contested by ...
... auditory system is equipped with several shunting and attenuation mechanisms, which are already involved in early stages of signal processing and make hearing at low frequencies quite insensitive [2–7]. However, the notion that IS cannot be processed within the auditory system has been contested by ...
Multiple Modes of Action Potential Initiation and Propagation in
... dendrite, cells were selected with a characteristic long primary dendrite that could be traced from the cell body to a glomerulus (Fig. 1A). Often the primary dendrite divided into two smaller branches just before or after entering the glomerulus, after which the dendritic branches were lost in the ...
... dendrite, cells were selected with a characteristic long primary dendrite that could be traced from the cell body to a glomerulus (Fig. 1A). Often the primary dendrite divided into two smaller branches just before or after entering the glomerulus, after which the dendritic branches were lost in the ...