Mechanisms Underlying the Cardioinhibitory and Pressor
... SAP and vertebral nerve activity (VNA) were recorded. Neurons in the FTG, NA, DMV and CVLM were stimulated by microinjection of sodium glutamate (25 mM Glu, 70 nl). To study if the NA, DMV, and CVLM relayed the cardioinhibitory messages from the FTG, 24 mM kainic acid (KA, 100 nl) was used as an exc ...
... SAP and vertebral nerve activity (VNA) were recorded. Neurons in the FTG, NA, DMV and CVLM were stimulated by microinjection of sodium glutamate (25 mM Glu, 70 nl). To study if the NA, DMV, and CVLM relayed the cardioinhibitory messages from the FTG, 24 mM kainic acid (KA, 100 nl) was used as an exc ...
Seeing The Unseen
... Uniformity is particularly important in clinical and research EMG studies, for which procedures and interpretations can vary greatly.“Standardized techniques and a broad subject pool for research help us evaluate diagnostic techniques for neuromuscular conditions,” notes Dr Rubin. Dr Ross points to ...
... Uniformity is particularly important in clinical and research EMG studies, for which procedures and interpretations can vary greatly.“Standardized techniques and a broad subject pool for research help us evaluate diagnostic techniques for neuromuscular conditions,” notes Dr Rubin. Dr Ross points to ...
- Wiley Online Library
... epinephrine versus norepinephrine, we employed flameetched carbon fiber electrodes (Fig. 1A, see Materials and Methods) and a command potential as described in Figure 1B. Resulting baseline currents recorded in Tris-buffered saline (TBS) were largely nonspecific and represent capacitative charging o ...
... epinephrine versus norepinephrine, we employed flameetched carbon fiber electrodes (Fig. 1A, see Materials and Methods) and a command potential as described in Figure 1B. Resulting baseline currents recorded in Tris-buffered saline (TBS) were largely nonspecific and represent capacitative charging o ...
Spinal nerve
... and interweave with rami from other nerves, forming a nerve plexus • Plexuses innervate body structures (limbs, neck, etc.) • Each body structure innervated by rami from several nerves • damage to one nerve or one area of spine may not cause complete loss of sensation or ...
... and interweave with rami from other nerves, forming a nerve plexus • Plexuses innervate body structures (limbs, neck, etc.) • Each body structure innervated by rami from several nerves • damage to one nerve or one area of spine may not cause complete loss of sensation or ...
The Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Somatic Reflexes
... The spinal cord (fig. 13.1) is a cylinder of nervous tissue that begins at the foramen magnum and passes through the vertebral canal as far as the inferior margin of the first lumbar vertebra (L1). In adults, it averages about 1.8 cm thick and 45 cm long. Early in fetal development, the spinal cord ...
... The spinal cord (fig. 13.1) is a cylinder of nervous tissue that begins at the foramen magnum and passes through the vertebral canal as far as the inferior margin of the first lumbar vertebra (L1). In adults, it averages about 1.8 cm thick and 45 cm long. Early in fetal development, the spinal cord ...
Reference frames for representing the location of visual and tactile
... most auditory RFs in the SC are intermediate between eye- and headcentered: that is, when the eyes move, the auditory RFs shift only partially with the eye9,10. This type of visual-auditory RF is also reported in the lateral intraparietal area (LIP)15, and some PMv cells have partially shifting visu ...
... most auditory RFs in the SC are intermediate between eye- and headcentered: that is, when the eyes move, the auditory RFs shift only partially with the eye9,10. This type of visual-auditory RF is also reported in the lateral intraparietal area (LIP)15, and some PMv cells have partially shifting visu ...
Ch_14_lecture_presentation
... dorsal root • Rami communicantes (white and gray rami) • Innervates smooth muscles, glands, and organs ...
... dorsal root • Rami communicantes (white and gray rami) • Innervates smooth muscles, glands, and organs ...
Slide 1
... Steps in a propagation Step 1: Action potential in segment 1: – depolarizes membrane to +30 mV – local current ...
... Steps in a propagation Step 1: Action potential in segment 1: – depolarizes membrane to +30 mV – local current ...
The auditory cortex
... (Jen et al. 1989; Dear et al. 1993; compare Shen et al. 1997, this volume). The use of the number and functional speci®city of auditory cortical ®elds as a measure of the auditory competence and specialization of a species is extremely impeded by the fact that complete maps of auditory cortices seem ...
... (Jen et al. 1989; Dear et al. 1993; compare Shen et al. 1997, this volume). The use of the number and functional speci®city of auditory cortical ®elds as a measure of the auditory competence and specialization of a species is extremely impeded by the fact that complete maps of auditory cortices seem ...
Coding Rate and Duration of Vocalizations of the Frog, Xenopus laevis
... only analyzed if no discernible electrical noise was present before the current steps. STOs were only observed for ⬃250 ms in most cases; the limited number of data points (2500 data points at 10 kHz sampling rate) did not allow us to use power spectrum analyses to obtain the necessary frequency res ...
... only analyzed if no discernible electrical noise was present before the current steps. STOs were only observed for ⬃250 ms in most cases; the limited number of data points (2500 data points at 10 kHz sampling rate) did not allow us to use power spectrum analyses to obtain the necessary frequency res ...
The multisensory roles for auditory cortex in primate vocal
... are delineated largely by their tonotopic organization and anatomical criteria. The reasons for why there are so many areas are not known, and how each of them, together or separately, relate to behavior is also somewhat of a mystery. That they must be involved in multiple auditory-related behaviors ...
... are delineated largely by their tonotopic organization and anatomical criteria. The reasons for why there are so many areas are not known, and how each of them, together or separately, relate to behavior is also somewhat of a mystery. That they must be involved in multiple auditory-related behaviors ...
C6.4 PPT - Destiny High School
... • Serves as a relay station for communicating both sensory and motor information between the body and the cerebral cortex. • Regulates body’s states of arousal, including sleep, wakefulness, and high-alert consciousness. – Hypothalamus • Key part of the autonomic nervous system • Regulates metabolis ...
... • Serves as a relay station for communicating both sensory and motor information between the body and the cerebral cortex. • Regulates body’s states of arousal, including sleep, wakefulness, and high-alert consciousness. – Hypothalamus • Key part of the autonomic nervous system • Regulates metabolis ...
Cerebellar control of visceral responses–possible mechanisms
... connections may explain why this was not the case. During more widespread cortical stimulation some of the white matter is likely to be excited as well, due to extensive folding of the cerebellum. Therefore climbing and mossy fibers, which both send excitatory collaterals to the nuclear neurons, may ...
... connections may explain why this was not the case. During more widespread cortical stimulation some of the white matter is likely to be excited as well, due to extensive folding of the cerebellum. Therefore climbing and mossy fibers, which both send excitatory collaterals to the nuclear neurons, may ...
Optical quantal analysis of synaptic transmission in wild
... PDZ interaction domain of the Shaker K+ channel at its C-terminal end, as has been done26 with the earlier Ca2+ sensor Cameleon27. This method of Ca2+ sensor targeting enables optical imaging of Ca2+ influx through postsynaptic glutamate receptors. The high signal-tonoise ratio of GCaMP2, together w ...
... PDZ interaction domain of the Shaker K+ channel at its C-terminal end, as has been done26 with the earlier Ca2+ sensor Cameleon27. This method of Ca2+ sensor targeting enables optical imaging of Ca2+ influx through postsynaptic glutamate receptors. The high signal-tonoise ratio of GCaMP2, together w ...
Is the Lateral Septum's Inhibitory Influence on the Amygdala Mediated... GABA-ergic Neurons? Mason Austin
... In addition to these behavioral models, purely physiological approaches are often used to examine the neural response of brain areas proposed to be involved in the production and modulation of anxiety. Electrophysiological activity of a group of cells in a particular region may be recorded after adm ...
... In addition to these behavioral models, purely physiological approaches are often used to examine the neural response of brain areas proposed to be involved in the production and modulation of anxiety. Electrophysiological activity of a group of cells in a particular region may be recorded after adm ...
Presynaptic Inhibition of Exteroceptive Afferents by Proprioceptive
... of saline evoke bursts of spikes in the hair afferents, but they also gave rise to small depolarizing potentials in the same afferents (Fig. 1B, asterisks; see later). Exteroceptive afferents received a depolarizing synaptic input (PAD) when the chordotonal organ between the endopodite and the exopo ...
... of saline evoke bursts of spikes in the hair afferents, but they also gave rise to small depolarizing potentials in the same afferents (Fig. 1B, asterisks; see later). Exteroceptive afferents received a depolarizing synaptic input (PAD) when the chordotonal organ between the endopodite and the exopo ...
specification of synaptic connections mediating the simple stretch
... nevertheless in an anatomical position to make contact with a large number of different types of motoneurones. Groups of functionally unrelated motoneurones are often adjacent to each other in the spinal cord and can have overlapping dendritic arborizations (Lichtman et al. 1984). For the stretch re ...
... nevertheless in an anatomical position to make contact with a large number of different types of motoneurones. Groups of functionally unrelated motoneurones are often adjacent to each other in the spinal cord and can have overlapping dendritic arborizations (Lichtman et al. 1984). For the stretch re ...
Central Lateral Line and Auditory Pathways: A Phylogenetic
... EVOLUTION OF OCTAVOLATERALIS PATHWAYS ...
... EVOLUTION OF OCTAVOLATERALIS PATHWAYS ...
Excitatory and Inhibitory Vestibular Pathways to the Extraocular
... 1997. Electrophysiological, ultrastructural, and immunohistochemical techniques were utilized to describe the excitatory and inhibitory vestibular innervation of extraocular motor nuclei in the goldfish. In antidromically activated oculomotor motoneurons, electrical stimulation of the intact contral ...
... 1997. Electrophysiological, ultrastructural, and immunohistochemical techniques were utilized to describe the excitatory and inhibitory vestibular innervation of extraocular motor nuclei in the goldfish. In antidromically activated oculomotor motoneurons, electrical stimulation of the intact contral ...
Spinal Kyphosis Causes Demyelination and Neuronal Loss in the
... “It is known that the spinal cord vascular system of birds resembles that of humans.” [Important] In the kyphotic group, “the small blood vessels in the compressed spinal cord showed a marked reduction in the network size, a decrease in number, interruption, and abnormal arrangement of the blood ves ...
... “It is known that the spinal cord vascular system of birds resembles that of humans.” [Important] In the kyphotic group, “the small blood vessels in the compressed spinal cord showed a marked reduction in the network size, a decrease in number, interruption, and abnormal arrangement of the blood ves ...
Role of Feedforward and Feedback Projections in Figure
... 3. Contextual modulation of classical receptive field responses The feedforward established response property of visual neurons is not fixed. It can be modified by factors such as experience and learning, or, more importantly, by the spatial and temporal context in which a stimulus is presented. The ...
... 3. Contextual modulation of classical receptive field responses The feedforward established response property of visual neurons is not fixed. It can be modified by factors such as experience and learning, or, more importantly, by the spatial and temporal context in which a stimulus is presented. The ...
The Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes
... with age • Cervical nerves • Are named for inferior vertebra • All other nerves • Are named for superior vertebra ...
... with age • Cervical nerves • Are named for inferior vertebra • All other nerves • Are named for superior vertebra ...
View PDF - MRC Brain Network Dynamics Unit
... below the dura) correspond to layers 5/6 of the primary/secondary motor cortices (Paxinos and Watson, 1986). For thalamic stimulation, we used coordinates (3.7 mm posterior and 1.3 mm lateral of bregma, at depths of 5.4 –5.7 mm below the dura) that consistently led to an electrode track in the paraf ...
... below the dura) correspond to layers 5/6 of the primary/secondary motor cortices (Paxinos and Watson, 1986). For thalamic stimulation, we used coordinates (3.7 mm posterior and 1.3 mm lateral of bregma, at depths of 5.4 –5.7 mm below the dura) that consistently led to an electrode track in the paraf ...
Physiological origins and functional correlates of EEG rhythmic
... major facts. First, this rhythmic activity originated in the somatosensory relay nuclei of the thalamus, collectively known as the Ventrobasal (VB) nuclei (Howe & Sterman, 1972). This finding was in agreement with a earlier body of evidence from anesthetized preparations, summarized in the popular t ...
... major facts. First, this rhythmic activity originated in the somatosensory relay nuclei of the thalamus, collectively known as the Ventrobasal (VB) nuclei (Howe & Sterman, 1972). This finding was in agreement with a earlier body of evidence from anesthetized preparations, summarized in the popular t ...
Chapter 35: Kandel - krigolson teaching
... the underlying mechanisms is one of the challenging areas of contemporary research on motor systems. Second, sensory input from a localized source generally produces coordinated reflex responses in several muscles at once, some of which may be distant from the stimulus. Third, supraspinal centers pl ...
... the underlying mechanisms is one of the challenging areas of contemporary research on motor systems. Second, sensory input from a localized source generally produces coordinated reflex responses in several muscles at once, some of which may be distant from the stimulus. Third, supraspinal centers pl ...