The medial geniculate, not the amygdala, as the root of auditory fear
... Fanselow and LeDoux, 1999; LeDoux, 1990, 1992, 1993a, 1994, 1995, 2000; LeDoux and Muller, 1997; Maren, 2001; Maren and Quirk, 2004; Phelps and LeDoux, 2005; Rodrigues et al., 2009). The major findings on which the AMYG model is based are summarized here, conveniently taken from Blair et al. (2003). ...
... Fanselow and LeDoux, 1999; LeDoux, 1990, 1992, 1993a, 1994, 1995, 2000; LeDoux and Muller, 1997; Maren, 2001; Maren and Quirk, 2004; Phelps and LeDoux, 2005; Rodrigues et al., 2009). The major findings on which the AMYG model is based are summarized here, conveniently taken from Blair et al. (2003). ...
View/Open - eDiss - Georg-August
... collisions were frequent and collision analysis retrieved 10–15% of additional spikes. Physiological identification of units described from intracellular recordings was hard to achieve therefore the focus was on comparing individual units. Recording the population activity of auditory neurons in one ...
... collisions were frequent and collision analysis retrieved 10–15% of additional spikes. Physiological identification of units described from intracellular recordings was hard to achieve therefore the focus was on comparing individual units. Recording the population activity of auditory neurons in one ...
Affective percept and voluntary action: A hypothesis
... systems. Accordingly, we will distinguish food affective stimuli, esthetic affective stimuli, etc. Different affective stimuli evoke the corresponding affective percepts and the latter can be divided according to the same four criteria. The division of affective percepts according to criteria 1 and ...
... systems. Accordingly, we will distinguish food affective stimuli, esthetic affective stimuli, etc. Different affective stimuli evoke the corresponding affective percepts and the latter can be divided according to the same four criteria. The division of affective percepts according to criteria 1 and ...
Conductance-Based Model of the Voltage
... indicate the importance of controlling outputs of the basal ganglia by STN neurons. Therefore it is crucial to know how activities of STN neurons are regulated. In slice preparations, STN neurons show rhythmic singlespike activities at resting membrane potentials (Beurrier et al. 1999; Bevan and Wil ...
... indicate the importance of controlling outputs of the basal ganglia by STN neurons. Therefore it is crucial to know how activities of STN neurons are regulated. In slice preparations, STN neurons show rhythmic singlespike activities at resting membrane potentials (Beurrier et al. 1999; Bevan and Wil ...
Warm pleasant feelings in the brain
... our behaviour to stimuli that are important for survival (Rolls, 2005). Indeed, warm and cold stimuli may be important prototypical primary, that is unlearned, reinforcers, and investigation of the neural mechanisms that are related to these stimuli and the feelings they arouse may provide a direct ...
... our behaviour to stimuli that are important for survival (Rolls, 2005). Indeed, warm and cold stimuli may be important prototypical primary, that is unlearned, reinforcers, and investigation of the neural mechanisms that are related to these stimuli and the feelings they arouse may provide a direct ...
Response Properties of Neighboring Neurons in the
... close together, we first investigated the efficacy of using tetrodes over single-channel multi-unit recordings. Specifically, we looked at how groups of action potentials, clustered and separated with the four channel information of the tetrodes, separate when only one channel of information is use ...
... close together, we first investigated the efficacy of using tetrodes over single-channel multi-unit recordings. Specifically, we looked at how groups of action potentials, clustered and separated with the four channel information of the tetrodes, separate when only one channel of information is use ...
Synchronization of Fast (30-40 Hz)
... 1-8 MR). Intracellular recordings of thalamic neurons were performed in acutely prepared animals, with glass micropipettes filled with a solution of potassium acetate (impedance 25-35 Ma), after removal by suction of the overlying portion of cortex and white matter until the head of the caudate nucl ...
... 1-8 MR). Intracellular recordings of thalamic neurons were performed in acutely prepared animals, with glass micropipettes filled with a solution of potassium acetate (impedance 25-35 Ma), after removal by suction of the overlying portion of cortex and white matter until the head of the caudate nucl ...
Vestibular Signals in the Parasolitary Nucleus
... attached to the head-restraint bar, advanced tungsten microelectrodes toward a region of the dorsal brain stem just caudal to the medial vestibular nucleus about 1.8 mm lateral to the midline. The micro- ...
... attached to the head-restraint bar, advanced tungsten microelectrodes toward a region of the dorsal brain stem just caudal to the medial vestibular nucleus about 1.8 mm lateral to the midline. The micro- ...
Motor Control - Reza Shadmehr
... language’’) and inarticulate vocalization (such as crying, laughing, and screaming). Some of these networks are located in and near a midbrain structure called the periaqueductal gray. a. Reticulospinal System Cells in the brain stem reticular formation that project to the spinal cord make up the re ...
... language’’) and inarticulate vocalization (such as crying, laughing, and screaming). Some of these networks are located in and near a midbrain structure called the periaqueductal gray. a. Reticulospinal System Cells in the brain stem reticular formation that project to the spinal cord make up the re ...
The Nervous System: Spinal Nerves
... • White matter • Consists of axons • Nerves are organized into tracts or columns • Located outside the gray matter area ...
... • White matter • Consists of axons • Nerves are organized into tracts or columns • Located outside the gray matter area ...
Magnocellular and Parvocellular Contributions to
... and parvocellular signals. We have examined this hypothesis directly by recording the responses of cortical neurons while selectively blocking responses in the magnocellular or parvocellular layers of the LGN. Responses were recorded from single units or multiunit clusters in the middle temporal vis ...
... and parvocellular signals. We have examined this hypothesis directly by recording the responses of cortical neurons while selectively blocking responses in the magnocellular or parvocellular layers of the LGN. Responses were recorded from single units or multiunit clusters in the middle temporal vis ...
studies on the myoneural physiology of echinodermata
... because they can occur in the apparent absence of any immediate external stimulation. However, the expression ' spontaneous' has become associated with a number of different causal mechanisms: thus there may be ' internal causation' as in a pacemaker mechanism, 'unspecific causation' where there is ...
... because they can occur in the apparent absence of any immediate external stimulation. However, the expression ' spontaneous' has become associated with a number of different causal mechanisms: thus there may be ' internal causation' as in a pacemaker mechanism, 'unspecific causation' where there is ...
Prefrontal and parietal cortex mediate the interference
... existence of neural representations tuned for specific durations, empirical evidence of this notion has been lacking. Here, using a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) adaptation paradigm, we show that the inferior parietal lobule (IPL) (corresponding to the supramarginal gyrus) exhibited r ...
... existence of neural representations tuned for specific durations, empirical evidence of this notion has been lacking. Here, using a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) adaptation paradigm, we show that the inferior parietal lobule (IPL) (corresponding to the supramarginal gyrus) exhibited r ...
Temporal coding in the gustatory system
... communication in nearly all sensory modalities, including the chemical senses. For example, in the olfactory system, it has been shown that organized oscillations in firing patterns of neurons in the central nervous system of moths are not only correlated with olfactory discrimination (MacLeod et al. ...
... communication in nearly all sensory modalities, including the chemical senses. For example, in the olfactory system, it has been shown that organized oscillations in firing patterns of neurons in the central nervous system of moths are not only correlated with olfactory discrimination (MacLeod et al. ...
Mapping Pavlovian Conditioning Effects on the Brain: Blocking
... This average level of baseline drinking was used to order subjects and alternatively assign them to the three groups. This was done to obviate any group differences in individual water consumption prior to formal training (Table 1). During the course of the experiments, several subjects were lost to ...
... This average level of baseline drinking was used to order subjects and alternatively assign them to the three groups. This was done to obviate any group differences in individual water consumption prior to formal training (Table 1). During the course of the experiments, several subjects were lost to ...
Intracellular Features Predicted by Extracellular
... these, 60 –100 neurons should generate spikes of sufficient amplitude to be detectable from the noise and to allow for their separation using current spatial clustering methods. This theoretical maximum is in contrast to the approximately six units that are usually detected per tetrode. From this, w ...
... these, 60 –100 neurons should generate spikes of sufficient amplitude to be detectable from the noise and to allow for their separation using current spatial clustering methods. This theoretical maximum is in contrast to the approximately six units that are usually detected per tetrode. From this, w ...
Chapter 3 Overlapping circuits for relative value and selective
... not yet been investigated. Here we wished to gain insight into the effects of reward expectancy on neuronal activity in area V1 of macaque monkeys. Moreover, we aimed to investigate the relation between reward expectancy and attention (Maunsell, 2004). The effects of attention are as widespread acro ...
... not yet been investigated. Here we wished to gain insight into the effects of reward expectancy on neuronal activity in area V1 of macaque monkeys. Moreover, we aimed to investigate the relation between reward expectancy and attention (Maunsell, 2004). The effects of attention are as widespread acro ...
H-reflex down-conditioning greatly increases the number of
... Every other GAD67-labeled section was examined at low magnification (i.e., 50×, with a 4× objective) and then examined and photographed at high magnification (500×, with a 40× objective) with an Olympus BH2-RFCA brightfield microscope equipped with an Olympus DP70 digital camera at fixed illuminatio ...
... Every other GAD67-labeled section was examined at low magnification (i.e., 50×, with a 4× objective) and then examined and photographed at high magnification (500×, with a 40× objective) with an Olympus BH2-RFCA brightfield microscope equipped with an Olympus DP70 digital camera at fixed illuminatio ...
The Neuroscientist
... representations of these perceptual characteristics from the information that the ear provides about sound acoustics. In this article, the authors examine evidence that the auditory cortex is necessary for processing the pitch, timbre, and location of sounds, and document how neurons across multiple ...
... representations of these perceptual characteristics from the information that the ear provides about sound acoustics. In this article, the authors examine evidence that the auditory cortex is necessary for processing the pitch, timbre, and location of sounds, and document how neurons across multiple ...
Input-driven components of spike-frequency adaptation can be
... the spatial receptive field or spectral sensitivity of the neuron. activity that contains both a tonic and a phasic component. For These tuning effects are captured by the factor kn, where the index temperatures of ⬃30°C, firing rates at stimulus onset can reach as n stands for the different applied ...
... the spatial receptive field or spectral sensitivity of the neuron. activity that contains both a tonic and a phasic component. For These tuning effects are captured by the factor kn, where the index temperatures of ⬃30°C, firing rates at stimulus onset can reach as n stands for the different applied ...
Firing activities of auditory cortical neurons during categorical task
... while selecting a specific action towards a particular object is based on recognition. During perceptual categorization, unrelated components of the environments are linked up and are given salience for decision-making so that a group of individually different stimuli leads to the same response. Cat ...
... while selecting a specific action towards a particular object is based on recognition. During perceptual categorization, unrelated components of the environments are linked up and are given salience for decision-making so that a group of individually different stimuli leads to the same response. Cat ...
Methods - Laboratory for Advanced Brain Signal Processing
... from brain (e.g., Jung et al., 2000; Vorobyov and Cichocki, 2002; Joyce et al., 2004). In this procedure, components of brain origin are not required to be separated from each other exactly, because they are mixed again by back projection after removing artifactrelated components. But by the same pr ...
... from brain (e.g., Jung et al., 2000; Vorobyov and Cichocki, 2002; Joyce et al., 2004). In this procedure, components of brain origin are not required to be separated from each other exactly, because they are mixed again by back projection after removing artifactrelated components. But by the same pr ...
Pearson SA, Mouihate A, Pittman QJ, Whelan PJ
... between 1 and 6 min after drug application and declined in amplitude before washout. EMG responses To establish that somatic motoneurons were being activated, EMGs were recorded from the TA (n ⫽ 8), quadriceps (n ⫽ 5), or TS muscles (n ⫽ 2), or in preliminary experiments ENG discharge was recorded f ...
... between 1 and 6 min after drug application and declined in amplitude before washout. EMG responses To establish that somatic motoneurons were being activated, EMGs were recorded from the TA (n ⫽ 8), quadriceps (n ⫽ 5), or TS muscles (n ⫽ 2), or in preliminary experiments ENG discharge was recorded f ...
Applications of TMS to Therapy in Psychiatry
... for determining functional thresholds for other brain regions have yet to be determined. Imaging the effects of TMS in targeted regions (Bohning et al., 1999), and then linking those effects to a more readily available measure would be one such strategy. Because it is known that the strength of the ...
... for determining functional thresholds for other brain regions have yet to be determined. Imaging the effects of TMS in targeted regions (Bohning et al., 1999), and then linking those effects to a more readily available measure would be one such strategy. Because it is known that the strength of the ...
Sensory Nerves in Adult Rats Regenerate and Restore Sensory
... field expanded at the slowest rate of the three modalities studied. We did not make systematic studies on the maximum extent of reinnervation. However, both the pinch- and the heat-sensitive areas would not only reconstitute the original fields, but after some 4-5 weeks growth they could significant ...
... field expanded at the slowest rate of the three modalities studied. We did not make systematic studies on the maximum extent of reinnervation. However, both the pinch- and the heat-sensitive areas would not only reconstitute the original fields, but after some 4-5 weeks growth they could significant ...