Spike train propagation in the axon of a visual interneuron,... Locusta migratoria
... generation, propagation, and integration of electrical signals. It is, however, this same permeability that makes neurons highly susceptible to damage in the absence of oxygen. For the majority of animals their neurons rely on a constant supply of oxygen for the active maintenance of ionic gradients ...
... generation, propagation, and integration of electrical signals. It is, however, this same permeability that makes neurons highly susceptible to damage in the absence of oxygen. For the majority of animals their neurons rely on a constant supply of oxygen for the active maintenance of ionic gradients ...
Ventral Intraparietal Area of the Macaque: Anatomic Location and
... VIP. In the present study we recorded from single neurons in VIP of alert monkeys and studied their visual and oculomotor response properties. 2. Area VIP has a high degree of selectivity for the direction of a moving stimulus. In our sample 72 / 88 ( 80% ) neurons responded at least twice as well t ...
... VIP. In the present study we recorded from single neurons in VIP of alert monkeys and studied their visual and oculomotor response properties. 2. Area VIP has a high degree of selectivity for the direction of a moving stimulus. In our sample 72 / 88 ( 80% ) neurons responded at least twice as well t ...
Long latency EMG responses in hand and leg muscles
... around the ankle joint (ramp stimulus 50°/s, 40). The EMG of the anterior tibialis (TA) and triceps surae (TS) muscles was recorded using bipolar surface electrodes and processed as above (for details see reference 15), analysis time being 400 ms. The results from eight platform tilts were averaged. ...
... around the ankle joint (ramp stimulus 50°/s, 40). The EMG of the anterior tibialis (TA) and triceps surae (TS) muscles was recorded using bipolar surface electrodes and processed as above (for details see reference 15), analysis time being 400 ms. The results from eight platform tilts were averaged. ...
slides
... measures is called acute – pain is part of the body’s defense system – pain that becomes pathological rather than beneficial is called chronic © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. ...
... measures is called acute – pain is part of the body’s defense system – pain that becomes pathological rather than beneficial is called chronic © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. ...
Neurophysiologic Testing
... Quantitative sensory testing, including monofilament testing, pressure-specified sensory testing, computer assisted sensory examinations, and current perception threshold (CPT) testing is unproven and not medically necessary. Definitive conclusions for current perception threshold (CPT) testing cann ...
... Quantitative sensory testing, including monofilament testing, pressure-specified sensory testing, computer assisted sensory examinations, and current perception threshold (CPT) testing is unproven and not medically necessary. Definitive conclusions for current perception threshold (CPT) testing cann ...
Functional Organization of the Cat Visual Cortex in Relation to the
... Extracellular recordings were conducted after the final optical imaging session. Recording sites were determined using the cortical blood vessel patterns as a reference, and glass-coated platinum-iridium microelectrodes (1–2 M⍀ at 1 kHz) were placed using a hydraulic microdrive (MO-95, Narishige, To ...
... Extracellular recordings were conducted after the final optical imaging session. Recording sites were determined using the cortical blood vessel patterns as a reference, and glass-coated platinum-iridium microelectrodes (1–2 M⍀ at 1 kHz) were placed using a hydraulic microdrive (MO-95, Narishige, To ...
Functional Connectivity of the Secondary Somatosensory Cortex of
... provide an alternative view, that is, S2 received direct thalamic inputs rather than through a serially organized path by means of S1. One hypothesis to explain these divergent findings is the possibility that serial or parallel processing types vary among species and/ or different body regions. The ...
... provide an alternative view, that is, S2 received direct thalamic inputs rather than through a serially organized path by means of S1. One hypothesis to explain these divergent findings is the possibility that serial or parallel processing types vary among species and/ or different body regions. The ...
a needle into the sub- and the dorsal funiculi. Preganglionic
... Lamina X takes the form of columns of neurons embedded in either lamina VII or lamina Vlil. The cells in lamina X include motor neurons, whose axons leave the spinal cord in the ventral roots to supply striated skeletal muscle fibers. The sizes of the cell bodies of motor neurons vary; those giving ...
... Lamina X takes the form of columns of neurons embedded in either lamina VII or lamina Vlil. The cells in lamina X include motor neurons, whose axons leave the spinal cord in the ventral roots to supply striated skeletal muscle fibers. The sizes of the cell bodies of motor neurons vary; those giving ...
Sensory experience and the formation of a computational map of
... changes in temperature. The receptor cells, which may be housed in sense organs, such as the eyes or the ears, transduce these various forms of energy into the electrical potential changes that are used by nerve cells for transmitting signals. The information carried by the receptor cells is then fe ...
... changes in temperature. The receptor cells, which may be housed in sense organs, such as the eyes or the ears, transduce these various forms of energy into the electrical potential changes that are used by nerve cells for transmitting signals. The information carried by the receptor cells is then fe ...
Response characteristics in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN
... levels, is given up at the level of the cortex, where it is replaced by a widely branching parallel connectivity. Apart from the retina, rich feedback connections exist between cortex and thalamus as well as lateral connections between the di erent cortical areas. These anatomical observations, for ...
... levels, is given up at the level of the cortex, where it is replaced by a widely branching parallel connectivity. Apart from the retina, rich feedback connections exist between cortex and thalamus as well as lateral connections between the di erent cortical areas. These anatomical observations, for ...
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... The rat auditory cortex is divided anatomically into several areas, but little is known about the functional differences in information processing between these areas. To determine the filter properties of rat posterior auditory field (PAF) neurons, we compared neurophysiological responses to simple ...
... The rat auditory cortex is divided anatomically into several areas, but little is known about the functional differences in information processing between these areas. To determine the filter properties of rat posterior auditory field (PAF) neurons, we compared neurophysiological responses to simple ...
Synaptic Depression and the Temporal Response Characteristics of
... Synaptic inputs. To isolate the role that synaptic depression plays in shaping the temporal characteristics of V1 responses, we drive the model simple cell exclusively with feedforward inputs (Hubel and Wiesel, 1962). Although, in reality, V1 cells are part of a recurrent network, studying a feedfor ...
... Synaptic inputs. To isolate the role that synaptic depression plays in shaping the temporal characteristics of V1 responses, we drive the model simple cell exclusively with feedforward inputs (Hubel and Wiesel, 1962). Although, in reality, V1 cells are part of a recurrent network, studying a feedfor ...
Schwartz
... functional brain architecture and epilepsy is photosensitive epilepsy. This phenomenon occurs in up to 15% of patients with epilepsy, of which as many as 70% patients will demonstrate a phenomenon called ‘pattern-sensitive epilepsy’, in which epileptic events are triggered by patterned visual stimul ...
... functional brain architecture and epilepsy is photosensitive epilepsy. This phenomenon occurs in up to 15% of patients with epilepsy, of which as many as 70% patients will demonstrate a phenomenon called ‘pattern-sensitive epilepsy’, in which epileptic events are triggered by patterned visual stimul ...
Synaptic Depression and the Temporal Response Characteristics of
... Synaptic inputs. To isolate the role that synaptic depression plays in shaping the temporal characteristics of V1 responses, we drive the model simple cell exclusively with feedforward inputs (Hubel and Wiesel, 1962). Although, in reality, V1 cells are part of a recurrent network, studying a feedfor ...
... Synaptic inputs. To isolate the role that synaptic depression plays in shaping the temporal characteristics of V1 responses, we drive the model simple cell exclusively with feedforward inputs (Hubel and Wiesel, 1962). Although, in reality, V1 cells are part of a recurrent network, studying a feedfor ...
Nucleus Gracilis: An Integrator for Visceral and Somatic Information
... and innocuous cutaneous stimuli (Al-Chaer et al. 1996a). Although it is clear that visceral responses can be recorded from neurons of the NG that project to the VPL nucleus, this does not define the NG as a relay for visceral information carried in the DC into the VPL nucleus, nor does it rule out r ...
... and innocuous cutaneous stimuli (Al-Chaer et al. 1996a). Although it is clear that visceral responses can be recorded from neurons of the NG that project to the VPL nucleus, this does not define the NG as a relay for visceral information carried in the DC into the VPL nucleus, nor does it rule out r ...
Purves ch. 8 + Kandel ch. 23 - Weizmann Institute of Science
... Four major types of encapsulated mechanoreceptors are specialized to provide information to the central nervous system about touch, pressure, vibration, and cutaneous tension: Meissner’s corpuscles, Pacinian corpuscles, Merkel’s disks, and Ruffini’s corpuscles (Figure 8.3 and Table 8.1). These recep ...
... Four major types of encapsulated mechanoreceptors are specialized to provide information to the central nervous system about touch, pressure, vibration, and cutaneous tension: Meissner’s corpuscles, Pacinian corpuscles, Merkel’s disks, and Ruffini’s corpuscles (Figure 8.3 and Table 8.1). These recep ...
Large-Scale Functional Connectivity in Associative Learning
... pathways were noted mainly at the level of the inferior colliculus (IC) and medial geniculate, possibly reflecting the unique extraauditory anatomic relation of these regions. Ascending and descending influences from the IC, particularly the extralemniscal component, were stronger for group TL 0 . A ...
... pathways were noted mainly at the level of the inferior colliculus (IC) and medial geniculate, possibly reflecting the unique extraauditory anatomic relation of these regions. Ascending and descending influences from the IC, particularly the extralemniscal component, were stronger for group TL 0 . A ...
How Does the Brain Produce Movement?
... The Forebrain and Movement Initiation Complex movements, such as painting a work of art, include many components. For instance, your perceptions of what is appearing on the canvas must be closely coordinated with the brush strokes that your hand makes to achieve the desired effect. The same high deg ...
... The Forebrain and Movement Initiation Complex movements, such as painting a work of art, include many components. For instance, your perceptions of what is appearing on the canvas must be closely coordinated with the brush strokes that your hand makes to achieve the desired effect. The same high deg ...
Auditory Nerve Stochasticity Impedes Category Learning: the Role
... Fig 1. Schematic representation of the full AN-CN-IC-A1 (A), the reduced AN-A1 (B) and the simple four-stage (C) models of the auditory brain. Blue circles represent excitatory (E) and red circles represent inhibitory (I) neurons. The connectivity within each stage of the models is demonstrated usin ...
... Fig 1. Schematic representation of the full AN-CN-IC-A1 (A), the reduced AN-A1 (B) and the simple four-stage (C) models of the auditory brain. Blue circles represent excitatory (E) and red circles represent inhibitory (I) neurons. The connectivity within each stage of the models is demonstrated usin ...
Ascending Sensory Pathways
... which information concerning the body’s interaction with the external environment, its internal condition, and the position and movement of its parts, reach the brain. One similarity shared by all three ascending sensory pathways from the body (not including the head or face) is that the first order ...
... which information concerning the body’s interaction with the external environment, its internal condition, and the position and movement of its parts, reach the brain. One similarity shared by all three ascending sensory pathways from the body (not including the head or face) is that the first order ...
A Neuronal Model of Predictive Coding Accounting for the
... The proposed neuronal network aims at modeling the response of primary auditory cortex to incoming sounds. Figure 1 shows an implementation of the model for an input composed of two pure tones, hereafter called A and B. Each column of the network represents a cortical column with its thalamic input ...
... The proposed neuronal network aims at modeling the response of primary auditory cortex to incoming sounds. Figure 1 shows an implementation of the model for an input composed of two pure tones, hereafter called A and B. Each column of the network represents a cortical column with its thalamic input ...
Brainstem
... level of superior colliculus Nucleus of superior colliculus - involved in visual reflex and eye movement - inputs -- from cerebral cortex (visual areas ) : corticocollicular fibers -- from retina -- from spinal cord : ascend with spinothalamic tract -- from inferior colliculus : eye and head are tur ...
... level of superior colliculus Nucleus of superior colliculus - involved in visual reflex and eye movement - inputs -- from cerebral cortex (visual areas ) : corticocollicular fibers -- from retina -- from spinal cord : ascend with spinothalamic tract -- from inferior colliculus : eye and head are tur ...